だの～だのN1
Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
というものN1
Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".
生まれながらにして無限の富を与えられた人は別ですが、ほとんどの人はお金の苦労というものでエネルギーをすり減らすことになります。
Except for those born into unlimited wealth, most people have their energy worn away by the hardships associated with money.
というN3
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
物を買う、という行為は、この国ではなぜかあまり褒められない行為のようにうけとられています。
In this country, for some reason, the act of buying things seems to be regarded as something not particularly praiseworthy.
あまり〜ないN32 times in this passage
The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."
物を買う、という行為は、この国ではなぜかあまり褒められない行為のようにうけとられています。
In this country, for some reason, the act of buying things seems to be regarded as something not particularly praiseworthy.
決して～ないN3
Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
ような気がするN3
Expresses a vague subjective hunch or impression that something is the case — 'I get the feeling that…', 'it seems like…'.
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
ことがあるN33 times in this passage
After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.
何かいやなことがあって、むしゃくしゃした気分を抑えるためにショッピングをする人がいます。
Some people go shopping after something unpleasant happens in order to calm their frustration.
ためにN32 times in this passage
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
何かいやなことがあって、むしゃくしゃした気分を抑えるためにショッピングをする人がいます。
Some people go shopping after something unpleasant happens in order to calm their frustration.
なんか/なんて/などN3
A particle that cites an example or downplays/dismisses it — "things like / such as / (of all things)".
必要のないものにお金を遣うなんて愚かしい行為だと理性的な人は言うでしょうが、それでも人間の精神のバランスをとるために費用をかけたと思えば、①それはそれでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
Rational people may say that spending money on unnecessary things is foolish, but if we think of it as an expense paid to maintain a person’s mental balance, perhaps there is nothing wrong with that.
的（てき）N3
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
必要のないものにお金を遣うなんて愚かしい行為だと理性的な人は言うでしょうが、それでも人間の精神のバランスをとるために費用をかけたと思えば、①それはそれでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
Rational people may say that spending money on unnecessary things is foolish, but if we think of it as an expense paid to maintain a person’s mental balance, perhaps there is nothing wrong with that.
によって/によるN3
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
そんな中で一瞬ふっと、お金のほうが主役で、自分はそれによってふり回されているつまらない存在のように感じられることがあります。
Amid such a life, there are moments when we suddenly feel that money is the main character and that we ourselves are merely insignificant beings pushed around by it.
に対してN3
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
一見、逆のようですが、②それはお金に対する人間性のささやかな反抗とでもいえるんじやないでしようか。
It may seem contradictory at first glance, but perhaps this could be called a small rebellion of human nature against money.
ようとするN3
Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.
お金に復讐することで人間性を回復しようとしているのです。
They are trying to recover their humanity by taking revenge on money.
ように / ようなN43 times in this passage
Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".
物を買う、という行為は、この国ではなぜかあまり褒められない行為のようにうけとられています。
In this country, for some reason, the act of buying things seems to be regarded as something not particularly praiseworthy.
とか～とかN43 times in this passage
Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.
「浪費癖」だとか「衝動買い」だとか「無駄遣い」だとか、そういう言葉に表現されるように、必要以外のものを買う人間はあまりかんばしい評判を得られません。
As expressions such as “spendthrift habits,” “impulse buying,” and “wasteful spending” suggest, people who buy things beyond what they need are generally not viewed very favorably.
させるN4
Causative construction — make or let someone do an action ('make/let ~ do').
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
それでもN4
Concessive conjunction — 'even so, nevertheless, still.'
必要のないものにお金を遣うなんて愚かしい行為だと理性的な人は言うでしょうが、それでも人間の精神のバランスをとるために費用をかけたと思えば、①それはそれでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
Rational people may say that spending money on unnecessary things is foolish, but if we think of it as an expense paid to maintain a person’s mental balance, perhaps there is nothing wrong with that.
と思う（とおもう）N4
Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.
必要のないものにお金を遣うなんて愚かしい行為だと理性的な人は言うでしょうが、それでも人間の精神のバランスをとるために費用をかけたと思えば、①それはそれでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
Rational people may say that spending money on unnecessary things is foolish, but if we think of it as an expense paid to maintain a person’s mental balance, perhaps there is nothing wrong with that.
間（あいだ）N4
Marks a span of time or space throughout which, or between whose endpoints, something else continuously holds — 'while; during; between'.
人間は大人になって死ぬまでの間、お金のことで苦労しながら生きてゆきます。
From adulthood until death, people live their lives struggling with money.
ながらN4
Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.
人間は大人になって死ぬまでの間、お金のことで苦労しながら生きてゆきます。
From adulthood until death, people live their lives struggling with money.
ことになるN4
Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'
生まれながらにして無限の富を与えられた人は別ですが、ほとんどの人はお金の苦労というものでエネルギーをすり減らすことになります。
Except for those born into unlimited wealth, most people have their energy worn away by the hardships associated with money.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
一見、逆のようですが、②それはお金に対する人間性のささやかな反抗とでもいえるんじやないでしようか。
It may seem contradictory at first glance, but perhaps this could be called a small rebellion of human nature against money.
ないでN4
Negative te-form that links a clause — "without doing ~", or a soft "don't ~".
一見、逆のようですが、②それはお金に対する人間性のささやかな反抗とでもいえるんじやないでしようか。
It may seem contradictory at first glance, but perhaps this could be called a small rebellion of human nature against money.
〜の中でN4
Marks a set or group as the domain of a comparison — "among ~ / of all ~", typically paired with a superlative.
お金を浪費する、やけっぱちになって紙屑のように遣う、そのことでもって、こちらのほうが主人なんだぞ、お金に使われてるんじゃないぞ、と心の中でうっぷんを晴らしているのかもしれません。
By wasting money and recklessly spending it as though it were mere scraps of paper, people may be venting their frustration inwardly, telling themselves, “I am the master here; I am not the one being used by money.”
かもしれないN4
Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.
お金を浪費する、やけっぱちになって紙屑のように遣う、そのことでもって、こちらのほうが主人なんだぞ、お金に使われてるんじゃないぞ、と心の中でうっぷんを晴らしているのかもしれません。
By wasting money and recklessly spending it as though it were mere scraps of paper, people may be venting their frustration inwardly, telling themselves, “I am the master here; I am not the one being used by money.”
〜ているN55 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
物を買う、という行為は、この国ではなぜかあまり褒められない行為のようにうけとられています。
In this country, for some reason, the act of buying things seems to be regarded as something not particularly praiseworthy.
しかしN5
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
だ / ですN55 times in this passage
The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
だけN5
Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
じゃない・ではないN53 times in this passage
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
しかし、以前から思っていることなのですが、物を買う、ということは、決してただお金を浪費し虚栄心を満足させるだけのことではないような気がするのです。
However, I have long felt that buying things is by no means simply a matter of wasting money and satisfying one’s vanity.
がいますN5
States the existence or presence of a living thing (person or animal) — "there is / (someone) is (here)".
何かいやなことがあって、むしゃくしゃした気分を抑えるためにショッピングをする人がいます。
Some people go shopping after something unpleasant happens in order to calm their frustration.
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
必要のないものにお金を遣うなんて愚かしい行為だと理性的な人は言うでしょうが、それでも人間の精神のバランスをとるために費用をかけたと思えば、①それはそれでいいんじゃないでしょうか。
Rational people may say that spending money on unnecessary things is foolish, but if we think of it as an expense paid to maintain a person’s mental balance, perhaps there is nothing wrong with that.
までN5
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
人間は大人になって死ぬまでの間、お金のことで苦労しながら生きてゆきます。
From adulthood until death, people live their lives struggling with money.
にするN5
To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'
生まれながらにして無限の富を与えられた人は別ですが、ほとんどの人はお金の苦労というものでエネルギーをすり減らすことになります。
Except for those born into unlimited wealth, most people have their energy worn away by the hardships associated with money.
より〜ほうがN52 times in this passage
Expresses comparison or preference — 'B is more ... than A / would rather B' (A より B のほうが).
そんな中で一瞬ふっと、お金のほうが主役で、自分はそれによってふり回されているつまらない存在のように感じられることがあります。
Amid such a life, there are moments when we suddenly feel that money is the main character and that we ourselves are merely insignificant beings pushed around by it.
んですN5
Explanatory ending that supplies a reason, context, or emphasis — 'the thing is…', 'it's that…'.
お金を浪費する、やけっぱちになって紙屑のように遣う、そのことでもって、こちらのほうが主人なんだぞ、お金に使われてるんじゃないぞ、と心の中でうっぷんを晴らしているのかもしれません。
By wasting money and recklessly spending it as though it were mere scraps of paper, people may be venting their frustration inwardly, telling themselves, “I am the master here; I am not the one being used by money.”
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