• いるAs it appears here: い
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 前まえ
  • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
  • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
  • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
  • ·forward; ahead
  • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
  • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
  • ·portion; helping
  • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
  • ·privates; private parts
  • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
  N5
• 動物どうぶつ
  • ·animal
  N5
• 家族かぞく
  • ·family
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なれば
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• 上手じょうず
  • ·skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at); adept; clever
  • ·flattery
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• それ
  • ·that; it
  • ·then; that point (in time); that time
  • ·there
  • ·you
  N5
• なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• いぬ
  • ·dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine
  • ·squealer; rat; snitch; informer; informant; spy
  • ·loser; asshole
  • ·counterfeit; inferior; useless; wasteful
  N5
• くるAs it appears here: き
  • ·to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive
  • ·to come back; to do ... and come back
  • ·to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue
  • ·to come from; to be caused by; to derive from
  • ·to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
  N5
• わかるAs it appears here: わかり
  • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
  • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
  • ·I know!; I think so too!
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できなく
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• そこ
  • ·there (place relatively near listener)
  • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
  • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
  • ·you
  N5
• ひとつ
  • ·one
  • ·for one thing
  • ·only
  • ·(not) even
  • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
  • ·some kind of; one type of
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• ねこ
  • ·cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline
  • ·shamisen
  • ·geisha
  • ·wheelbarrow
  • ·clay bed-warmer
  • ·bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
  N5
• 家いえ
  • ·house; residence; dwelling; home
  • ·family; household
  • ·lineage; family name
  N5
• 中なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: ありません
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• あまり
  • ·remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers
  • ·(not) very; (not) much
  • ·too much; excessively; overly
  • ·extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible
  • ·not very good; so-so; mediocre
  • ·more than; over
  N5
• どう
  • ·how; in what way; how about
  N5
• 知るしるAs it appears here: 知りたい
  • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
  • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
  • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
  • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
  • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
  • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
  • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
  N5
• ところ
  • ·place; spot; scene; site
  • ·address
  • ·district; area; locality
  • ·one's house
  • ·point; aspect; side; facet
  • ·passage (in text); part
  • ·space; room
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·whereupon; as a result
  • ·about to; on the verge of
  • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
  • ·approximately; around; about
  N5
• 持つもつ
  • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
  • ·to possess; to have; to own
  • ·to maintain; to keep
  • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
  • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
  • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
  • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しない
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できない
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• 大きなおおきな
  • ·big; large; great
  N5
• 日ひ
  • ·day; days
  • ·sun; sunshine; sunlight
  • ·(the) day; daytime; daylight
  • ·date; deadline
  • ·(past) days; time (e.g. of one's childhood)
  • ·case (esp. unfortunate); event
  N4
• 空気くうき
  • ·air; atmosphere
  • ·mood; situation
  • ·someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
  N4
• 生活せいかつ
  • ·life; living
  • ·livelihood; (one's) living
  N4
• 社会しゃかい
  • ·society; public; community; the world
  • ·social studies
  N4
• 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 非常にひじょうに
  • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
  N4
• 会話かいわ
  • ·conversation; talk; chat
  N4
• 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
  • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
  • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
  • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
  • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
  • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
  • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
  • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
  N4
• 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 気持ちきもち
  • ·feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
  • ·preparedness; readiness; attitude
  • ·thought; sentiment; consideration; solicitude; gratitude
  • ·slightly; a bit; a little
  N4
• 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思います
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 理由りゆう
  • ·reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
  N4
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• そのまま
  • ·without change; as is
  • ·just like; extremely similar
  • ·immediately; just after; without a pause
  N3
• 態度たいど
  • ·attitude; manner; behaviour; demeanour; bearing
  • ·attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance; stand
  N3
• 示すしめすAs it appears here: 示します
  • ·to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent
  • ·to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
  • ·to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• お互いおたがい
  • ·each other; one another
  N3
• 状況じょうきょう
  • ·state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
  N3
• あわせるAs it appears here: あわせた
  • ·to match (rhythm, speed, etc.)
  • ·to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
  • ·to face; to be opposite (someone)
  • ·to compare; to check with
  • ·to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate)
  • ·to place together; to connect; to overlap
  • ·to mix; to combine
  • ·to put blade to blade; to fight
  N3
• なに
  • ·what
  • ·you-know-what; that thing
  • ·whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name
  • ·penis; (one's) thing; dick
  • ·(not) at all; (not) in the slightest
  • ·what?; huh?
  • ·hey!; come on!
  • ·oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not)
  N3
• 理解りかい
  • ·understanding; comprehension; appreciation
  • ·sympathy
  N3
• 魅力みりょく
  • ·charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal
  N3
• 一方いっぽう
  • ·one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
  • ·on the one hand; on the other hand
  • ·whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
  • ·just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
  N3
• 行動こうどう
  • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 立場たちば
  • ·position; situation
  • ·viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
  N3
• いったい
  • ·(what) the heck; (why) in the world; (who) on earth; (where) the hell; (how) the hell
  • ·one object; one body; one unit; one group; one mass
  • ·one form; one style; one format; one fashion
  • ·one Buddhist image; one carving; one sculpture
  • ·one corpse; one sample (of bones, remains, etc.)
  • ·generally; in general; on the whole; by and large; for the most part
  • ·strictly speaking; in the first place; originally; to begin with
  N3
• 感情かんじょう
  • ·emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
  N3
• 完全かんぜん
  • ·perfect; complete
  N3
• 重視じゅうし
  • ·regarding as important; attaching importance to; taking a serious view of; putting emphasis on
  N3
• 生き物いきもの
  • ·living thing; living creature; animal; life
  N3
• 家畜かちく
  • ·domestic animals; livestock; cattle
  N1
• 上位じょうい
  • ·superior (in rank); top; ranking
  • ·higher order (e.g. byte)
  • ·host computer (of connected device)
  N1
• 日頃ひごろ
  • ·usually; habitually; always
  • ·for a long time
  N1
• 把握はあく
  • ·grasp (of the situation, meaning, etc.); understanding; control; hold; grip
  N1
• やすいAs it appears here: やすく
  • ·easy
  • ·likely to ...; have a tendency to ...
  • ·easy to ...
  N1
• やすい
  • ·easy
  • ·likely to ...; have a tendency to ...
  • ·easy to ...
  N1
• 孤独こどく
  • ·solitude; loneliness; isolation
  N1

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• ままN3

  Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

  人間の家族の一員ともなれば集団生活の掟そのままに、飼い主を群れのリーダーや上位のものとみなし、日頃から服従の態度を示します。

  Once they become members of a human family, they continue to follow the rules of pack life, regarding their owner as the leader or a higher-ranking member of the pack and regularly displaying submissive behavior.

• にとってN3

  Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

  人間にとっても、「いぬのきもち」は非常にわかりやすく、会話はできなくとも、お互いなにを考えているかが理解しやすい動物です。

  For humans as well, a dog's feelings are very easy to understand; even though we cannot converse with them, dogs are animals with whom it is relatively easy to understand what each side is thinking.

• あまり〜ないN3

  The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."

  また、家族の中での自分の立場もあまり気にしないので、いぬのように、飼い主をリーダーとみなして服従することはありません。

  Cats also pay little attention to their own position within the family, so unlike dogs, they do not regard their owner as a leader and obey them.

• がたいN3

  Attaches to a verb stem to say the action is very hard to carry out — 'hard to ~, difficult to ~'.

  （中略）ねこがいったい飼い主である自分のことをどう思っているのか、飼い主であれば誰しも知りたいところですが、人間の持つ気持ちや感情の尺度では、完全には理解しがたい動物だと思います。

  (Omitted) Every cat owner wants to know what their cat really thinks of them, but I believe cats are animals that are difficult to understand completely when judged according to human feelings and emotions.

• 〜ていたN42 times in this passage

  The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

  「いぬ」は人間の家畜になる前から、群れで暮していた動物です。

  Dogs were animals that lived in packs even before they were domesticated by humans.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  また、飼い主のその日の顔色を窺うなど、家庭内の空気を読みとりながら、上手にふるまうことにも長けています。

  They are also skilled at behaving appropriately by reading the atmosphere in the household, such as watching their owner's mood and facial expression on a given day.

• ながらN4

  Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

  また、飼い主のその日の顔色を窺うなど、家庭内の空気を読みとりながら、上手にふるまうことにも長けています。

  They are also skilled at behaving appropriately by reading the atmosphere in the household, such as watching their owner's mood and facial expression on a given day.

• 〜ていくN4

  Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

  群れで生活する動物は、お互いの状況を把握して、それにあわせた行動をとることが、群れ社会のなかで生きていくには必要だからです。

  This is because animals that live in groups need to understand one another's circumstances and act accordingly in order to survive within their social group.

• やすいN42 times in this passage

  Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').

  人間にとっても、「いぬのきもち」は非常にわかりやすく、会話はできなくとも、お互いなにを考えているかが理解しやすい動物です。

  For humans as well, a dog's feelings are very easy to understand; even though we cannot converse with them, dogs are animals with whom it is relatively easy to understand what each side is thinking.

• 〜の中でN42 times in this passage

  Marks a set or group as the domain of a comparison — "among ~ / of all ~", typically paired with a superlative.

  一方、「ねこ」は、もともとが単独で行動していた動物ですので、家の中で人間の家族と一緒に暮すようになっても、協調性のようなものはありません。

  Cats, on the other hand, were originally solitary animals, so even when they come to live indoors with a human family, they do not possess the same kind of cooperative nature.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  一方、「ねこ」は、もともとが単独で行動していた動物ですので、家の中で人間の家族と一緒に暮すようになっても、協調性のようなものはありません。

  Cats, on the other hand, were originally solitary animals, so even when they come to live indoors with a human family, they do not possess the same kind of cooperative nature.

• てもN4

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  一方、「ねこ」は、もともとが単独で行動していた動物ですので、家の中で人間の家族と一緒に暮すようになっても、協調性のようなものはありません。

  Cats, on the other hand, were originally solitary animals, so even when they come to live indoors with a human family, they do not possess the same kind of cooperative nature.

• ように / ようなN42 times in this passage

  Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

  一方、「ねこ」は、もともとが単独で行動していた動物ですので、家の中で人間の家族と一緒に暮すようになっても、協調性のようなものはありません。

  Cats, on the other hand, were originally solitary animals, so even when they come to live indoors with a human family, they do not possess the same kind of cooperative nature.

• と思う（とおもう）N4

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  （中略）ねこがいったい飼い主である自分のことをどう思っているのか、飼い主であれば誰しも知りたいところですが、人間の持つ気持ちや感情の尺度では、完全には理解しがたい動物だと思います。

  (Omitted) Every cat owner wants to know what their cat really thinks of them, but I believe cats are animals that are difficult to understand completely when judged according to human feelings and emotions.

• たがるN4

  Auxiliary attached to a verb stem describing the outward signs that a third party wants to do something ('seems eager to / keeps wanting to').

  しかし、この理解できないところが、ねこの大きな魅力のひとつであり、人間が、ねこと一緒に暮したがる理由のひとつではないでしょうか。

  Yet perhaps this very inscrutability is one of the great attractions of cats and one of the reasons people want to live with them.

• だ / ですN56 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  「いぬ」は人間の家畜になる前から、群れで暮していた動物です。

  Dogs were animals that lived in packs even before they were domesticated by humans.

• 〜ているN53 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  また、飼い主のその日の顔色を窺うなど、家庭内の空気を読みとりながら、上手にふるまうことにも長けています。

  They are also skilled at behaving appropriately by reading the atmosphere in the household, such as watching their owner's mood and facial expression on a given day.

• 一緒に（いっしょに）N53 times in this passage

  Indicates doing something jointly with someone or something else — "together (with)".

  そこが、「いぬ」と一緒に暮すことのひとつの魅力でもあるのでしょう。

  That is probably one of the attractions of living with a dog.

• だろうN52 times in this passage

  Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

  そこが、「いぬ」と一緒に暮すことのひとつの魅力でもあるのでしょう。

  That is probably one of the attractions of living with a dog.

• のでN52 times in this passage

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  一方、「ねこ」は、もともとが単独で行動していた動物ですので、家の中で人間の家族と一緒に暮すようになっても、協調性のようなものはありません。

  Cats, on the other hand, were originally solitary animals, so even when they come to live indoors with a human family, they do not possess the same kind of cooperative nature.

• 〜たいN5

  Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

  （中略）ねこがいったい飼い主である自分のことをどう思っているのか、飼い主であれば誰しも知りたいところですが、人間の持つ気持ちや感情の尺度では、完全には理解しがたい動物だと思います。

  (Omitted) Every cat owner wants to know what their cat really thinks of them, but I believe cats are animals that are difficult to understand completely when judged according to human feelings and emotions.

• しかしN5

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし、この理解できないところが、ねこの大きな魅力のひとつであり、人間が、ねこと一緒に暮したがる理由のひとつではないでしょうか。

  Yet perhaps this very inscrutability is one of the great attractions of cats and one of the reasons people want to live with them.

• じゃない・ではないN5

  Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

  しかし、この理解できないところが、ねこの大きな魅力のひとつであり、人間が、ねこと一緒に暮したがる理由のひとつではないでしょうか。

  Yet perhaps this very inscrutability is one of the great attractions of cats and one of the reasons people want to live with them.