All passages
N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #740
2

すでにくうはくなくなったげんざいてきぼうけんたんけんといったこうは、かんにつれてどんどんのうなってきているジャーナリストほんかついちは、ぼうけんじょうけんとしていのちけんせい」と「こうしゅたいせい」のふたあげているが、①きんだいぼうけんは、しゃじゅうようなのだそれつまりひょうげんもんだいともみっせつせきかかてくるここいうひょうげんとは、じょうだれたどったことないせきえがというあるこれまでじんるいあゆかん(注1)してそのすきぶんほうほうくうはくいくこうことできるわかりやすいところでは、ざんにおけるバリエーション・ルートや、8000メートルほう(注2)さんのぼことや、げんとうどこそこおうだんするとかはじめてたいりくさいこうほうぜんのぼとかそういうことだ。すえ(注3)なければてんてんむすだれおこなっていないことすればいいそうしたてんてんむすのがきびアクセスむずかしょおもルートけいせいするならなおさらそのちゅうもくいくぼうけんかいには、うみでもやまでもそらも、そういうこうかならどこかにそんざいしているはくキャンバス(注4)ためにはひょうげんりょくひつようように、②てきくうはくなくなっただいげんだいぼうけんたちは、そことくべつぶんだいざいいけないだからこそぼうけんしゃアーティストでもあるいえる

いしかわなおさいこうぼうけんによる

ちゅう1):かんするぜんたいなが

ちゅう2):8000メートルほう8000メートルきゅうやま

ちゅう3):すえ踏:まだだれあしことないこと

ちゅう4):キャンバスためぬの

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1筆者は①近代の冒険は、その後者が重要なのだと述べているが、それはどのような意味か。
  2. 2地理的な空白がなくなったとはどういうことか。
  3. 3筆者が、③冒険者はアーティストでもあると述べているのはなぜか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary10 words
  • 探検たんけん
    • ·exploration; expedition
    N1
  • 行為こうい
    • ·act; deed; conduct
    N1
  • 密接みっせつ
    • ·close (relationship, connection, etc.); intimate; near
    • ·being in close proximity; being adjacent
    N1
  • たどるAs it appears here: たどった
    • ·to follow (a road, path, etc.); to trace
    • ·to follow (a clue, scent, tracks, plot, etc.); to trace (a route, history, family tree, etc.); to retrace (e.g. one's memory); to search; to go over
    • ·to head towards (of a situation); to go in the direction of; to take (a course); to pursue (a path); to meet (a fate)
    N1
  • 歩みあゆみ
    • ·walking
    • ·pace; step
    • ·course (of history, one's life, etc.); history; progress; advance; development
    • ·pitch (of a screw, etc.)
    N1
  • やすい
    • ·easy
    • ·likely to ...; have a tendency to ...
    • ·easy to ...
    N1
  • ほう
    • ·peak; summit; ridge; top
    • ·back of a blade
    N1
  • 形成けいせい
    • ·formation; molding; making (up); taking form; giving form to
    • ·repair (e.g. with plastic surgery); replacement; -plasty
    N1
  • なおさら
    • ·still more; even more; all the more
    • ·still less; even less
    N1
  • 志向しこう
    • ·intention; aim; preference (for); orientation (towards a goal)
    N1
Other levels76 words
  • 地図ちず
    • ·map; atlas; chart; plan
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • あげるAs it appears here: あげて
    • ·to raise; to elevate
    • ·to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
    • ·to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage)
    • ·to show someone (into a room); to let in (e.g. a guest)
    • ·to give
    • ·to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll; to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
    • ·to develop (talent, skill, etc.); to improve
    • ·to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
    • ·to promote (someone)
    • ·to complete; to finish
    • ·to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
    • ·to raise (one's gaze); to lift up (one's face); to look up
    • ·to do up (one's hair)
    • ·to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
    • ·to praise; to commend; to flatter
    • ·to make do (with less expenses than expected); to cover expenses (with a given amount); to set costs
    • ·to finish (one's studies); to complete (a lesson); to pass (e.g. a class)
    • ·to upload (e.g. an image); to publish (on the internet); to post
    • ·to raise someone's spirits; to cheer someone up; to enhance a mood
    • ·(of the tide) to come in; to rise
    • ·to increase (of market price); to rise (of stock prices)
    • ·to vomit; to throw up
    • ·to do for (the sake of someone else)
    • ·to complete ...
    • ·to humbly do ...
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 意味いみ
    • ·meaning; significance; sense
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わかり
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • メートルめーとる
    • ·metre (unit of length); meter
    • ·meter; gauge
    N5
  • 登るのぼる
    • ·to ascend; to go up; to climb
    • ·to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise
    • ·to go to (the capital)
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to add up to
    • ·to advance (in price)
    • ·to swim up (a river); to sail up
    • ·to come up (on the agenda)
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • はじめて
    • ·for the first time
    • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
    • ·first time; (one's) first
    N5
  • 全部ぜんぶ
    • ·all; entire; whole; altogether
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • うみ
    • ·sea; ocean; waters
    N5
  • やま
    • ·mountain; hill
    • ·mine
    • ·(mountain) forest
    • ·heap; pile; stack; mountain
    • ·protruding or high part of an object; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw); tread (of a tire)
    • ·climax; peak; critical point
    • ·guess; speculation; gamble
    • ·(criminal) case; crime
    • ·mountain climbing; mountaineering
    • ·festival float (esp. one mounted with a decorative halberd)
    • ·deck (from which players draw cards); draw pile; stock
    • ·wall; wall tile
    • ·wild
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • まだ
    • ·still; as yet; only
    • ·(not) yet
    • ·more; (more) still
    • ·at least; comparatively; relatively
    • ·unfinished; incomplete; not yet done
    N5
  • あし
    • ·foot; paw; arm (of an octopus, squid, etc.)
    • ·leg
    • ·gait
    • ·pace
    • ·lower radical of a kanji
    • ·means of transportation; (one's) ride
    • ·money; coin
    N5
  • なくなるAs it appears here: なくなった
    • ·to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
    • ·to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more
    • ·to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
    N4
  • 見つけるみつけるAs it appears here: 見つけ
    • ·to find; to discover; to come across; to spot; to catch (someone doing)
    • ·to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
    N4
  • てん
    • ·dot; spot; point; speck; mark
    • ·mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points
    • ·point (in a game); score; goal; run
    • ·point
    • ·point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint
    • ·(punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot
    • ·"dot" stroke (in a Chinese character)
    • ·counter for points, marks, goals, etc.
    • ·counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.
    N4
  • おこなうAs it appears here: おこなって
    • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
    N4
  • 厳しいきびしい
    • ·severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless
    • ·hard (to do); difficult; tricky
    • ·intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather); inclement
    N4
  • 場所ばしょ
    • ·place; location; spot; position; area
    • ·room; space
    • ·sumo tournament
    N4
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 特別とくべつ
    • ·special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
    N4
  • 見つけるみつけるAs it appears here: 見つけなくて
    • ·to find; to discover; to come across; to spot; to catch (someone doing)
    • ·to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
    N4
  • すでに
    • ·already
    • ·previously; before
    • ·undeniably; unmistakably; in the first place
    N3
  • 現在げんざい
    • ·the present; present time; now
    • ·as of
    • ·present tense
    • ·this world; this life
    • ·to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one
    N3
  • 冒険ぼうけん
    • ·adventure; venture
    • ·venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger; hazard; risk
    N3
  • 条件じょうけん
    • ·condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
    N3
  • いのち
    • ·life; life force
    • ·lifetime; lifespan
    • ·most important thing; foundation; core
    • ·paired tattoos of the "life" kanji on the upper arms of a man and woman (indicating unwavering love)
    • ·fate; destiny; karma
    N3
  • 近代きんだい
    • ·present day; modern times; recent times
    • ·early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 表現ひょうげん
    • ·expression; representation; description
    • ·representation (of a group)
    N3
  • じょう
    • ·from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; with respect to; in terms of; as a matter of; in view of; so far as ... is concerned
    • ·on; above; on top of; aboard (a ship or vehicle)
    • ·the best; top; first class; first grade
    • ·first volume (of a two or three-volume set); first book
    • ·with my compliments
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 描くえがく
    • ·to draw; to paint; to sketch
    • ·to depict; to describe
    • ·to picture in one's mind; to imagine
    • ·to form a certain shape (e.g. path of an action, appearance of an object, etc.)
    N3
  • 人類じんるい
    • ·mankind; humanity
    N3
  • 方法ほうほう
    • ·method; way; manner; process; procedure; means; measure
    N3
  • 登山とざん
    • ·mountain climbing; mountaineering; ascent of a mountain
    N3
  • 横断おうだん
    • ·crossing (a road, river, etc.); cutting through (e.g. of a river through a town); cutting across; intersecting (e.g. a railway track)
    • ·crossing (east-west); traversing; travelling across; flying across (e.g. the Pacific); sailing across
    • ·cutting horizontally; sectioning laterally
    N3
  • 大陸たいりく
    • ·continent
    • ·continental Asia (esp. mainland China)
    • ·continental Europe
    N3
  • すえ
    • ·end; tip; top
    • ·end (of the year, month, etc.); close
    • ·youngest child
    • ·descendants; offspring; posterity
    • ·future
    • ·(finally) after; (at last) after; at the end of
    • ·trifles; trivialities
    • ·degenerate age
    N3
    • ·earth; ground; land; soil
    • ·place
    • ·territory
    • ·bottom (of a package, book, etc.)
    • ·earth (one of the five elements)
    N3
  • 結ぶむすぶAs it appears here: 結んで
    • ·to tie; to bind; to link
    • ·to bear (fruit)
    • ·to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to conclude
    • ·to connect (two distant places)
    • ·to close tightly; to purse (e.g. lips)
    • ·to unite (with); to ally; to join hands
    N3
  • 結ぶむすぶ
    • ·to tie; to bind; to link
    • ·to bear (fruit)
    • ·to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to conclude
    • ·to connect (two distant places)
    • ·to close tightly; to purse (e.g. lips)
    • ·to unite (with); to ally; to join hands
    N3
  • 土地とち
    • ·plot of land; lot; soil
    • ·locality; region; place
    N3
  • 増すますAs it appears here: 増して
    • ·to increase; to grow
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 現代げんだい
    • ·present age; present day; today
    • ·modern era; modern times
    N3
  • 最高さいこう
    • ·best; supreme; wonderful; finest
    • ·highest; maximum; most; uppermost; supreme
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 全体ぜんたい
    • ·whole; entirety
    • ·to begin with; in the first place
    • ·... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
    N3
  • 眺めるながめる
    • ·to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
    • ·to look out over; to get a view of; to admire (e.g. the scenery)
    • ·to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch; to observe
    N3
  • きゅう
    • ·(school) grade; year; class
    • ·class; grade; rank; level
    • ·kyu (junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.)
    N3
  • 隙間すきま
    • ·gap; opening; aperture; crevice; crack; chink; space
    • ·spare moment; interval; break
    • ·unguarded moment; carelessness; chink in one's armor; weak spot
    N2
  • 埋めるうめるAs it appears here: 埋めて
    • ·to bury (e.g. in the ground)
    • ·to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed
    • ·to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to bridge (a difference, a gap); to fill (a seat, a vacant position); to fill out (a form, a sheet)
    • ·to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends; to compensate for
    • ·to put cold water (in a bath)
    • ·to cover; to scatter something over
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    ジャーナリストの本多勝一氏は、冒険の条件として「命の危険性」と「行為の主体性」の二つをあげているが、①近代の冒険は、その後者が重要なのだ。

    Journalist Honda Katsuichi identifies two conditions for adventure: “danger to one’s life” and “the initiative of the person undertaking the action,” but in ① modern adventure, it is the latter that is important.

  • なりに / なりのN12 times in this passage

    Marks that something is done or exists in a way appropriate to and within the limits of the stated subject — 'in one's own way', 'as befits ~'.

    これまでの人類の歩みを俯瞰して、その隙間を見つけ、自分なりの方法で空白を埋めていく行為と言い換えることもできる。

    It can also be described as looking over the course humanity has taken so far, finding the gaps within it, and filling those blank spaces in one’s own way.

Other levels21 patterns
  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている。

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • すでにN3

    Adverb stating an action is 'already' done or a situation already holds.

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている。

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている。

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • につれてN3

    Expresses that as one thing changes, another changes proportionally alongside it; 'as', 'in proportion to'.

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている。

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    ジャーナリストの本多勝一氏は、冒険の条件として「命の危険性」と「行為の主体性」の二つをあげているが、①近代の冒険は、その後者が重要なのだ。

    Journalist Honda Katsuichi identifies two conditions for adventure: “danger to one’s life” and “the initiative of the person undertaking the action,” but in ① modern adventure, it is the latter that is important.

  • つまりN3

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    それはつまり自己表現の問題とも密接に関かかてくる。

    In other words, it is closely connected with the issue of self-expression.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    ここでいう表現とは、地図上に誰もたどったことがない軌跡を描くという意味である。

    “Expression” here means drawing on a map a route that no one has ever followed before.

  • において/におけるN3

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    わかりやすいところでは、登山におけるバリエーション・ルートや、8000メートル峰を無酸素で登ることや、厳冬期にどこそこを横断するとか、はじめて大陸の最高峰に全部登るとか、そういうことだ。

    Easy-to-understand examples include taking a variation route in mountaineering, climbing an 8,000-meter peak without supplemental oxygen, crossing some place in the depths of winter, or becoming the first person to climb all of the highest peaks on the continents.

  • 〜ばいいN3

    Offers a suggestion or solution via the conditional plus いい, "you should ~ / it'd be good to just ~."

    末踏の地がなければ、点と点を結んで誰もおこなっていないことをすればいい

    If there are no unexplored places left, one can simply connect one point to another and do something no one has done before.

  • ためにN32 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    白紙のキャンバスに絵を描くためには表現力が必要なように、②地理的な空白がなくなった時代を生きる現代の冒険家たちは、そこに特別な自分なりの題材を見つけなくてはいけない。

    Just as expressive ability is needed to paint a picture on a blank canvas, ② modern adventurers living in an age when geographical blank spaces have disappeared must find a special subject of their own there.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    だからこそ③冒険者はアーティストでもあるといえる。

    That is precisely why ③ an adventurer can also be called an artist.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (石川直樹『最高の冒険家』による

    (From Ishikawa Naoki, “The Greatest Adventurer”)

  • 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている。

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • 〜ていくN42 times in this passage

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    これまでの人類の歩みを俯瞰して、その隙間を見つけ、自分なりの方法で空白を埋めていく行為と言い換えることもできる。

    It can also be described as looking over the course humanity has taken so far, finding the gaps within it, and filling those blank spaces in one’s own way.

  • やすいN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').

    わかりやすいところでは、登山におけるバリエーション・ルートや、8000メートル峰を無酸素で登ることや、厳冬期にどこそこを横断するとか、はじめて大陸の最高峰に全部登るとか、そういうことだ。

    Easy-to-understand examples include taking a variation route in mountaineering, climbing an 8,000-meter peak without supplemental oxygen, crossing some place in the depths of winter, or becoming the first person to climb all of the highest peaks on the continents.

  • とか~とかN42 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    わかりやすいところでは、登山におけるバリエーション・ルートや、8000メートル峰を無酸素で登ることや、厳冬期にどこそこを横断するとか、はじめて大陸の最高峰に全部登るとか、そういうことだ。

    Easy-to-understand examples include taking a variation route in mountaineering, climbing an 8,000-meter peak without supplemental oxygen, crossing some place in the depths of winter, or becoming the first person to climb all of the highest peaks on the continents.

  • が必要(がひつよう)N4

    Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

    白紙のキャンバスに絵を描くためには表現力が必要なように、②地理的な空白がなくなった時代を生きる現代の冒険家たちは、そこに特別な自分なりの題材を見つけなくてはいけない。

    Just as expressive ability is needed to paint a picture on a blank canvas, ② modern adventurers living in an age when geographical blank spaces have disappeared must find a special subject of their own there.

  • 〜ているN54 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    すでに地図の空白がなくなった現在、地理的な冒険や探検といった行為は、時間が経つにつれてどんどん不可能になってきている

    Now that there are no longer blank spaces on maps, geographical adventures and explorations are becoming increasingly impossible as time goes by.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    これまでの人類の歩みを俯瞰して、その隙間を見つけ、自分なりの方法で空白を埋めていく行為と言い換えることもできる。

    It can also be described as looking over the course humanity has taken so far, finding the gaps within it, and filling those blank spaces in one’s own way.

  • なくてはいけないN5

    Expresses obligation — that one is required to do something — 'must' / 'have to'.

    白紙のキャンバスに絵を描くためには表現力が必要なように、②地理的な空白がなくなった時代を生きる現代の冒険家たちは、そこに特別な自分なりの題材を見つけなくてはいけない

    Just as expressive ability is needed to paint a picture on a blank canvas, ② modern adventurers living in an age when geographical blank spaces have disappeared must find a special subject of their own there.

  • まだN5

    Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."

    (注3):末踏:まだ誰も足を踏み入れたことがないこと

    (Note 3) 末踏: a place where no one has ever set foot

Share:

Comments