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N2 · Upper intermediateMedium passagePassage #74
2

おなおんのにあたたかんすごくつめかんすることが、にちじょうせいかつなかよくありますただ、①あまりしきしていないだけなのです

たとえば部屋へやおん20°Cだとしますあつさむなくちょうどいいおんですところが20°Cの水風呂みずぶろはいどうなるでしょう。そうとうつめかんね。(ちゅうりゃく

ねつつたやすさをあらわしゃくを「ねつでんどうりつ」といいますが、そのでんどうりつたかものさわパッとはやねつどうしますそのスピードはやときたいかんてきつめかんです

これくらくうというのはなかなかねつつたにくいですわれわれくうそのせいしつようしてねつようしていますたとえばさむときは、ふくなんまいかさしますね。これは、かさすることによってくうそうなんそうつくねつどうにくいじょうきょうつくっているですじゅうたくかべなかはいいるだんねつざいも、ほんてきにはくううまくなっているわけですですから座布団ざぶとんなどふわっとしたくうつつものさわと、あたたかんし、③20°Cのくうなかいればそれほどさむあたたかんちょうどいいおんなのです

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1あまり意識していないとあるが、何を意識していないのか。
  2. 2これは何を指しているか。
  3. 320°Cの空気の中にいればそれほど寒くも暖かくも感じないのは、なぜか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary4 words
  • 伝わるつたわるAs it appears here: 伝わり
    • ·to spread (of a rumour, news, etc.); to travel; to circulate; to go around; to be passed around; to become known
    • ·to be handed down (from generation to generation); to be passed down
    • ·to be introduced (to a country, region, etc.); to be brought; to come
    • ·to be conveyed (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to be felt; to come across
    • ·to travel (of sound, electricity, etc.); to propagate; to be conducted; to be transmitted
    • ·to go along; to move along
    N2
  • 性質せいしつ
    • ·nature (of a person); disposition; temperament; character
    • ·quality; inherent characteristic; property; nature; (chemical) behavior
    N2
  • 逃がすにがすAs it appears here: 逃がさない
    • ·to set free; to let go; to release
    • ·to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away; to fail to catch
    N2
  • 座布団ざぶとん
    • ·zabuton; (expl.) flat floor cushion used when sitting or kneeling; usu. rectangular
    N2
Other levels70 words
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • 暖かいあたたかいAs it appears here: 暖かく
    • ·warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot
    • ·considerate; kind; genial
    • ·warm (of a colour); mellow
    • ·having enough money
    N5
  • 冷たいつめたいAs it appears here: 冷たく
    • ·cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; freezing
    • ·(emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling; indifferent; unfriendly; distant
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あります
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • あまり
    • ·remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers
    • ·(not) very; (not) much
    • ·too much; excessively; overly
    • ·extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible
    • ·not very good; so-so; mediocre
    • ·more than; over
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 部屋へや
    • ·room; chamber
    • ·apartment; flat; pad
    • ·stable
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: します
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 暑いあついAs it appears here: 暑く
    • ·hot; warm; sultry; heated
    • ·passionate; impassioned; burning (desire, etc.)
    • ·on everybody's mind; on the radar; du jour; interested (gaze, etc.)
    N5
  • 寒いさむいAs it appears here: 寒く
    • ·cold (e.g. weather)
    • ·uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny
    N5
  • ちょうど
    • ·exactly; precisely; just; right; opportunely; fortunately
    • ·just (like); as if; as though
    N5
  • 入るはいる
    • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
    • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
    • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
    • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
    • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
    • ·to be received; to be obtained
    • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
    • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
    • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
    • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
    • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
    • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
    • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いいます
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 高いたかい
    • ·high; tall
    • ·expensive; high-priced
    • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
    • ·loud
    • ·high-pitched; shrill
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 速いはやいAs it appears here: 速く
    • ·fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt
    • ·early; soon; earlier than usual
    • ·premature; too soon; too early
    • ·easy; simple; quick; fast
    • ·as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
    N5
  • 速いはやい
    • ·fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt
    • ·early; soon; earlier than usual
    • ·premature; too soon; too early
    • ·easy; simple; quick; fast
    • ·as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 寒いさむい
    • ·cold (e.g. weather)
    • ·uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny
    N5
  • ふく
    • ·clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; costume; suit; outfit
    • ·counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
    N5
  • なん
    • ·what
    • ·how many
    • ·many; a lot of
    • ·several; a few; some
    N5
  • 作るつくるAs it appears here: 作って
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • つくるAs it appears here: つくって
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • 入るはいるAs it appears here: 入って
    • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
    • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
    • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
    • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
    • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
    • ·to be received; to be obtained
    • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
    • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
    • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
    • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
    • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
    • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
    • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いれば
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 生活せいかつ
    • ·life; living
    • ·livelihood; (one's) living
    N4
  • たとえば
    • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
    N4
  • ねつ
    • ·heat
    • ·fever; temperature
    • ·zeal; passion; enthusiasm; mania; craze; rage
    N4
  • 触るさわる
    • ·to touch; to feel; to handle
    • ·to get involved (with); to approach
    • ·to be harmful to; to hinder; to interfere with; to irritate
    N4
  • 比べるくらべるAs it appears here: 比べて
    • ·to compare; to make a comparison (between)
    • ·to compete (on); to measure (one's strength, ability, etc. against another's)
    N4
  • 空気くうき
    • ·air; atmosphere
    • ·mood; situation
    • ·someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
    N4
  • 利用りよう
    • ·use; utilization; utilisation; application
    N4
  • かべ
    • ·wall; partition
    • ·barrier; obstacle; hindrance; difficulty
    • ·Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
    • ·wall (of stones)
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • 包むつつむAs it appears here: 包んだ
    • ·to wrap up; to pack; to bundle; to do up
    • ·to cover; to envelop; to shroud; to engulf
    • ·to conceal (a feeling); to hide
    • ·to give (money in an envelope; as a wedding gift, funeral offering, etc.)
    N4
  • それほど
    • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
    N4
  • 温度おんど
    • ·temperature
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じたり
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 日常にちじょう
    • ·everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 意識いしき
    • ·consciousness
    • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
    • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
    N3
  • 気温きおん
    • ·(air) temperature
    N3
  • ところが
    • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
    N3
  • 相当そうとう
    • ·corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to
    • ·appropriate; suitable; befitting; proportionate
    • ·to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with; to be deserving of; to be worthy of
    • ·considerable; substantial
    • ·considerably; rather; quite; fairly; pretty
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じます
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • 表すあらわす
    • ·to represent; to signify; to stand for
    • ·to reveal; to show; to display
    • ·to express
    • ·to make widely known
    N3
  • りつ
    • ·rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
    N3
  • 移動いどう
    • ·movement; transfer; migration; removal; travel
    • ·mobile; moving; traveling; travelling; roving
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • 感じるかんじる
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • われわれ
    • ·we
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 状況じょうきょう
    • ·state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
    N3
  • 住宅じゅうたく
    • ·residence; housing; residential building
    N3
  • うまいAs it appears here: うまく
    • ·skillful; skilful; skilled; good; expert; clever (expression, trick, etc.); apt; appropriate
    • ·delicious; tasty; good; nice
    • ·good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable; promising; lucky; fortunate; successful; satisfactory; splendid
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じない
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • やすいAs it appears here: やす
    • ·easy
    • ·likely to ...; have a tendency to ...
    • ·easy to ...
    N1
  • まい
    • ·counter for thin, flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper, plates, coins)
    • ·counter for portions of gyōza or soba
    • ·counter for ranks
    • ·counter for wrestlers of a particular rank
    • ·counter for fields or rice paddies
    • ·counter for palanquin bearers
    N1
  • 仕掛けしかけ
    • ·device; contrivance; mechanism; gadget
    • ·trick; trap; calculated manipulation; gambit
    • ·(small) scale; half finished
    • ·commencement; initiation
    • ·set up; laying out; preparation
    • ·challenge; attack
    N1
Grammar0 patterns

No N2 grammar patterns in this passage.

Other levels22 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの~だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    ただ、①あまり意識していないだけなのです。

    We simply do not pay much attention to it.

  • あまり〜ないN3

    The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."

    ただ、①あまり意識していないだけなのです。

    We simply do not pay much attention to it.

  • 例えば(たとえば)N32 times in this passage

    Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

    たとえば、部屋の気温が20°Cだとします。

    For example, suppose the temperature in a room is 20°C.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    ところが、20°Cの水風呂に入るとどうなるでしょう。

    But what happens if you get into a bath of water at 20°C?

  • といい/たらいいN3

    Expresses a hope or gentle suggestion — "it'd be good if", "you should", "I hope ~".

    熱の伝わりやすさを表す尺度を「熱伝導率」といいますが、その伝導率が高いものに触るとパッと速く熱が移動します。

    The measure of how easily heat is transferred is called “thermal conductivity,” and when you touch something with high thermal conductivity, heat moves rapidly.

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    そのスピードが速いとき、体感的に冷たく感じるのです。

    When that transfer happens quickly, we physically perceive the object as cold.

  • に比べてN3

    Sets up a standard against which something is measured or contrasted; "compared to, in comparison with."

    ②これに比べて空気というのはなかなか熱が伝わりにくいのです。

    Compared with such materials, air transfers heat very poorly.

  • というのはN3

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    ②これに比べて空気というのはなかなか熱が伝わりにくいのです。

    Compared with such materials, air transfers heat very poorly.

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    ②これに比べて空気というのはなかなか熱が伝わりにくいのです。

    Compared with such materials, air transfers heat very poorly.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    これは、重ね着をすることによって、空気の層を何層も作って、熱が移動しにくい状況をつくっているのです。

    By layering our clothes, we create multiple layers of air, producing conditions in which heat is less able to move.

  • わけだN3

    Presents a conclusion as the natural consequence of a stated reason — 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'so it means'.

    住宅の壁の中に入っている断熱材も、基本的には空気をうまく閉じ込める仕掛けになっているわけです

    The insulation inside the walls of houses is also basically designed to trap air effectively.

  • 〜のにN4

    Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

    同じ温度なのに暖かく感じたり、すごく冷たく感じたりすることが、日常の生活の中にもよくあります。

    In everyday life, we often experience situations in which the same temperature can feel warm in one case and extremely cold in another.

  • やすいN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').

    熱の伝わりやすさを表す尺度を「熱伝導率」といいますが、その伝導率が高いものに触るとパッと速く熱が移動します。

    The measure of how easily heat is transferred is called “thermal conductivity,” and when you touch something with high thermal conductivity, heat moves rapidly.

  • ときN42 times in this passage

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    そのスピードが速いとき、体感的に冷たく感じるのです。

    When that transfer happens quickly, we physically perceive the object as cold.

  • にくいN42 times in this passage

    Attaches to a verb stem to say an action is hard to perform, 'difficult to ~ / hard to ~.'

    ②これに比べて空気というのはなかなか熱が伝わりにくいのです。

    Compared with such materials, air transfers heat very poorly.

  • ようにするN4

    Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

    われわれは空気のその性質を利用して、熱を逃がさないようにしています。

    We make use of this property of air to prevent heat from escaping.

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    ですから座布団など、ふわっとした、空気を包んだものを触ると、温かく感じますし、③20°Cの空気の中にいればそれほど寒くも暖かくも感じない、ちょうどいい温度なのです。

    That is why soft, fluffy objects containing air, such as cushions, feel warm to the touch, while air at 20°C feels neither particularly cold nor warm, but just comfortable.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    同じ温度なのに暖かく感じたり、すごく冷たく感じたりすることが、日常の生活の中にもよくあります。

    In everyday life, we often experience situations in which the same temperature can feel warm in one case and extremely cold in another.

  • 〜ているN55 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    ただ、①あまり意識していないだけなのです。

    We simply do not pay much attention to it.

  • だけN5

    Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

    ただ、①あまり意識していないだけなのです。

    We simply do not pay much attention to it.

  • だ / ですN57 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    ただ、①あまり意識していないだけなのです

    We simply do not pay much attention to it.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    ところが、20°Cの水風呂に入るとどうなるでしょう

    But what happens if you get into a bath of water at 20°C?

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