• どうして
  • ·how; in what way; by what means
  • ·why; for what reason; for what purpose; what for
  • ·cannot possibly
  • ·no way
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なり
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あり
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• わるいAs it appears here: わる
  • ·bad; poor; undesirable
  • ·poor (quality); inferior; insufficient
  • ·evil; sinful
  • ·ugly; not beautiful
  • ·at fault; to blame; in the wrong
  • ·bad (at doing something)
  • ·unprofitable; unbeneficial
  • ·sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 呼ぶよぶAs it appears here: 呼びます
  • ·to call out (to); to call; to invoke
  • ·to summon (a doctor, etc.)
  • ·to invite
  • ·to designate; to name; to brand
  • ·to garner (support, etc.); to gather
  • ·to take as one's wife
  N5
• または
  • ·or; either ... or ...
  N4
• 触るさわるAs it appears here: 触
  • ·to touch; to feel; to handle
  • ·to get involved (with); to approach
  • ·to be harmful to; to hinder; to interfere with; to irritate
  N4
• 癖くせ
  • ·habit (usu. a bad one); tendency
  • ·peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; mannerism; quirk
  • ·crease; wrinkle; curl; kink
  N3
• 観察かんさつ
  • ·observation; survey; watching
  N3
• 読書どくしょ
  • ·reading (books)
  N3
• 時とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• 中ちゅう
  • ·medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); middle
  • ·in; within; out of (e.g. ten people); among
  • ·during; while; in (the course of); within (a period); throughout
  • ·currently (doing); in the process of; in the middle of; under (e.g. construction, investigation)
  • ·middle way; moderation
  • ·second volume (of three)
  • ·junior high school; middle school
  • ·China
  N3
• 何かなにか
  • ·something; some; any
  • ·somehow; for some reason
  • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 行動こうどう
  • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
  N3
• 働きはたらき
  • ·work; labor; labour
  • ·achievement; performance; ability; talent
  • ·salary; income; earnings
  • ·action; activity; workings; function; operation; movement; motion
  • ·conjugation; inflection
  N3
• 髪の毛かみのけ
  • ·hair (on the head); (a) hair
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 同様どうよう
  • ·same; similar; (just) like; equal
  N3
• 効果こうか
  • ·effect; effectiveness; efficacy; result
  • ·effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
  N3
• 得るえるAs it appears here: 得られる
  • ·to be able to ...; can ...
  • ·to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain
  N3
• ツメつめ
  • ·nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail); claw; talon; hoof
  • ·plectrum; pick
  • ·hook; clasp
  N2
• 性質せいしつ
  • ·nature (of a person); disposition; temperament; character
  • ·quality; inherent characteristic; property; nature; (chemical) behavior
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• どうやらN2

  Adverb signaling a tentative conclusion, 'apparently / it seems ~'.

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• といったN2

  Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

  ツメをかむという行動には、活発になりすぎた脳の働きを落ち着かせるといった性質があり、ツメをかむ行為自体は無意識的なものだといえます。

  Nail-biting has the effect of calming brain activity when it becomes overly active, and the act of biting one’s nails itself can be said to be unconscious.

• のでしょうかN3

  Softens a question to ask for the reason or explanation behind something — 'I wonder why...', 'could it be that...'.

  どうして人はツメをかんでしまうのでしょうか。

  Why do people bite their nails?

• というN3

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  ツメをかむという行動には、活発になりすぎた脳の働きを落ち着かせるといった性質があり、ツメをかむ行為自体は無意識的なものだといえます。

  Nail-biting has the effect of calming brain activity when it becomes overly active, and the act of biting one’s nails itself can be said to be unconscious.

• たものだN3

  recalls a past habitual action with fondness or nostalgia, 'used to (do)'.

  ツメをかむという行動には、活発になりすぎた脳の働きを落ち着かせるといった性質があり、ツメをかむ行為自体は無意識的なものだといえます。

  Nail-biting has the effect of calming brain activity when it becomes overly active, and the act of biting one’s nails itself can be said to be unconscious.

• 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

  Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

  どうして人はツメをかんでしまうのでしょうか。

  Why do people bite their nails?

• またはN4

  Connects two alternatives in a choice, "A or B".

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• ようだN43 times in this passage

  Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• てもN4

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  また、ツメをかまなくても、顔や髪の毛を触わることでも同様の心的効果が得られるようです。

  Moreover, even without biting one’s nails, touching one’s face or hair seems to produce a similar psychological effect.

• どうしてN5

  Asks the reason for something, "why / how come".

  どうして人はツメをかんでしまうのでしょうか。

  Why do people bite their nails?

• がありますN52 times in this passage

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• 〜ているN54 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  ツメかみの癖がある人を観察していると、読書をしている時、仕事中、受験勉強中、または携帯電話をいじっている時など、どうやら何かに没頭している時にツメをかむようです。

  Observing people who have a habit of biting their nails, it seems that they tend to do so when they are deeply absorbed in something, such as reading, working, studying for an entrance examination, or using a mobile phone.

• すぎるN5

  Attaches to a verb or adjective stem to mean the action or quality is excessive, 'too much / overly ~'.

  ツメをかむという行動には、活発になりすぎた脳の働きを落ち着かせるといった性質があり、ツメをかむ行為自体は無意識的なものだといえます。

  Nail-biting has the effect of calming brain activity when it becomes overly active, and the act of biting one’s nails itself can be said to be unconscious.