VIEN
All passages
N1 · AdvancedShort passagePassage #713
2

国くにを国くにたらしめる要よう素そは何なんなのか、ということでは、伝でん統とう的てきに、領りょう土ど、国こく民みん、統とう治ち権けん、これが国家こっかの三さん要よう素そだ、といわれてきた。つまり、一定いっていの土と地ちとそこに住すむ人ひと々びと、そしてその土と地ちおよび人ひと々びとに支し配はい権けんをもつ統とう治ち権けん力りょく、この三みっつがそろってはじめて国家こっかというものが成なり立たつ、というわけである。たしかに、このうちのどれ一ひとつが欠かけても国家こっかは成なり立たたないから、そのかぎりでは、これが国家こっかの三さん要よう素そだというのは、まちがいではない。しかし、一定いっていの土と地ちとそこに住すむ人ひと々びとというのは、国家こっかというものがなくても存そん在ざいする。いわば国家こっか以い前ぜんの存そん在ざいである。そこに国家こっかが成せい立りつするのは、その土と地ちおよび人ひと々びとを支し配はいする統とう治ち権けん力りょくが現あらわれることによって、である。つまり、国家こっかの三さん要よう素そとされるもの本ほん質しつは「権けん力りょく」にあり、「権けん力りょく」こそが国家こっかの実体じったいだ、ということである。

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1そこに国家が成立するのはとあるが、「そこ」とはどこか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary6 words
  • 領土りょうど
    • ·territory; domain; dominion; possession
    N1
  • および
    • ·and; as well as
    N1
  • 権力けんりょく
    • ·(political) power; authority; influence
    N1
  • 成り立つなりたつ
    • ·to consist of; to be made up of; to be composed of
    • ·to be concluded (e.g. of an agreement); to hold true (e.g. of a theory); to be valid
    • ·to be viable (of a business, lifestyle, etc.); to carry on; to keep going
    N1
  • 成り立つなりたつAs it appears here: 成り立たない
    • ·to consist of; to be made up of; to be composed of
    • ·to be concluded (e.g. of an agreement); to hold true (e.g. of a theory); to be valid
    • ·to be viable (of a business, lifestyle, etc.); to carry on; to keep going
    N1
  • 本質ほんしつ
    • ·essence; true nature; substance; reality
    N1
Other levels36 words
  • 国くに
    • ·country; state
    • ·region
    • ·national government; central government
    • ·home (i.e. hometown, home country)
    • ·province (of Japan)
    • ·land; earth
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 三さん
    • ·three; 3
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いわれて
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • 住むすむ
    • ·to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • もつ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 三つみっつ
    • ·three
    • ·three years of age
    N5
  • はじめて
    • ·for the first time
    • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
    • ·first time; (one's) first
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • どれ
    • ·which (of three or more)
    • ·well; now; c'mon
    N5
  • 一つひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あり
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • うち
    • ·inside; within
    • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
    • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
    • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
    • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
    • ·we; our company; our organization
    • ·one's home; one's family
    • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
    • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
    • ·I; me
    • ·imperial palace grounds
    • ·emperor
    N4
  • 要素ようそ
    • ·component; factor; item (e.g. in list)
    • ·element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 国民こくみん
    • ·people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
    • ·Democratic Party for the People
    N3
  • 国家こっか
    • ·state; country; nation
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 土地とち
    • ·plot of land; lot; soil
    • ·locality; region; place
    N3
  • 欠けるかけるAs it appears here: 欠けて
    • ·to chip; to be chipped; to break (off); to be damaged
    • ·to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to become lost
    • ·to be lacking (in); to be short (of); to be deficient; to be wanting (in)
    • ·to wane (of the moon); to go into eclipse
    N3
  • まちがい
    • ·mistake; error; blunder
    • ·accident; mishap; trouble
    • ·improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • いわば
    • ·so to speak; so to call it; as it were; in a sense
    N3
  • 以前いぜん
    • ·before; prior to; ago
    • ·the past; before; previously; former times
    N3
  • 支配しはい
    • ·rule; domination; control
    • ·direction; management; guidance
    • ·control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing; influence; sway
    • ·government
    N3
  • 現れるあらわれる
    • ·to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
    • ·to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
    N3
  • 一定いってい
    • ·to fix; to settle; to standardize; to regularize
    • ·constant; definite; uniform; defined; certain; prescribed
    N2
  • そろうAs it appears here: そろって
    • ·to be complete; to be all present; to make a full set; to be satisfied (of conditions)
    • ·to be equal; to be uniform; to be even; to match; to agree
    • ·to gather; to assemble; to be collected
    N2
  • 成立せいりつ
    • ·formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence
    • ·conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); approval; completion; closing; enacting; arrangement
    • ·being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding; applying
    N2
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの～だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • というものN12 times in this passage

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    つまり、一定の土地とそこに住む人々、そしてその土地および人々に支配権をもつ統治権力、この三つがそろってはじめて国家というものが成り立つ、というわけである。

    In other words, a state comes into existence only when three things are present: a defined territory, the people who live there, and a governing power that has authority over both the territory and its people.

  • というわけだN1

    Presents the statement as the natural conclusion or explanation of what came before — "so that means...", "that's why...".

    つまり、一定の土地とそこに住む人々、そしてその土地および人々に支配権をもつ統治権力、この三つがそろってはじめて国家というものが成り立つ、というわけである。

    In other words, a state comes into existence only when three things are present: a defined territory, the people who live there, and a governing power that has authority over both the territory and its people.

  • とされるN1

    States that something is generally considered or held to be the case — 'is regarded as…', 'is said to be…'.

    つまり、国家の三要素とされるもの本質は「権力」にあり、「権力」こそが国家の実体だ、ということである。

    In other words, the essence of what are called the three elements of the state lies in “power,” and “power” itself is the substance of the state.

Other levels15 patterns
  • 確かにN2

    concedes a point as true before countering it, or asserts certainty, 'admittedly / certainly (~ but)'.

    たしかに、このうちのどれ一つが欠けても国家は成り立たないから、そのかぎりでは、これが国家の三要素だというのは、まちがいではない。

    Certainly, a state cannot exist if even one of these is missing, so in that sense it is not wrong to call them the three elements of a state.

  • ということだN32 times in this passage

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • 的（てき）N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • つまりN32 times in this passage

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    つまり、一定の土地とそこに住む人々、そしてその土地および人々に支配権をもつ統治権力、この三つがそろってはじめて国家というものが成り立つ、というわけである。

    In other words, a state comes into existence only when three things are present: a defined territory, the people who live there, and a governing power that has authority over both the territory and its people.

  • 〜てはじめてN3

    'only after ~ / not until ~' — something is realized or happens only once the prior action is completed.

    つまり、一定の土地とそこに住む人々、そしてその土地および人々に支配権をもつ統治権力、この三つがそろってはじめて国家というものが成り立つ、というわけである。

    In other words, a state comes into existence only when three things are present: a defined territory, the people who live there, and a governing power that has authority over both the territory and its people.

  • というのはN32 times in this passage

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    たしかに、このうちのどれ一つが欠けても国家は成り立たないから、そのかぎりでは、これが国家の三要素だというのは、まちがいではない。

    Certainly, a state cannot exist if even one of these is missing, so in that sense it is not wrong to call them the three elements of a state.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    そこに国家が成立するのは、その土地および人々を支配する統治権力が現れることによって、である。

    A state comes into being there through the appearance of a governing power that rules over the land and its people.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    つまり、国家の三要素とされるもの本質は「権力」にあり、「権力」こそが国家の実体だ、ということである。

    In other words, the essence of what are called the three elements of the state lies in “power,” and “power” itself is the substance of the state.

  • たらN4

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    国を国たらしめる要素は何なのか、ということでは、伝統的に、領土、国民、統治権、これが国家の三要素だ、といわれてきた。

    As for what elements make a country a country, territory, population, and governing authority have traditionally been regarded as the three elements of a state.

  • てもN42 times in this passage

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    たしかに、このうちのどれ一つが欠けても国家は成り立たないから、そのかぎりでは、これが国家の三要素だというのは、まちがいではない。

    Certainly, a state cannot exist if even one of these is missing, so in that sense it is not wrong to call them the three elements of a state.

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    つまり、一定の土地とそこに住む人々、そしてその土地および人々に支配権をもつ統治権力、この三つがそろってはじめて国家というものが成り立つ、というわけである。

    In other words, a state comes into existence only when three things are present: a defined territory, the people who live there, and a governing power that has authority over both the territory and its people.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    たしかに、このうちのどれ一つが欠けても国家は成り立たないから、そのかぎりでは、これが国家の三要素だというのは、まちがいではない。

    Certainly, a state cannot exist if even one of these is missing, so in that sense it is not wrong to call them the three elements of a state.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、一定の土地とそこに住む人々というのは、国家というものがなくても存在する。

    However, a defined territory and the people living on it can exist even without anything called a state.

Share:

Comments

Another passageAll passages