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N3 · IntermediateLong passagePassage #710
2

さいきんながあいだはたらかいしゃやめて日本にっぽんそばはじひといるそうだ。今年ことしの4つきおくふたなかむらえきまえちいみせひらそばしんしゅう」のごしゅじん、①もりさんそのひと。「しゅうにゅうけどいまやってよかったおもいます」と、もりさん

そばひらひとおおのはなぜか。そばは、てんぷらすしちゅうりょうてんりょうてんなどくらと、あつかうざいりょうしゅるいすくつくかたそれほどむずかまたさいきんけんこうひとがいしょくときそばようからだものえらひとおおなっているからだ。

もりさんふうは、いちねんぐらいそばつだながらそばつくかたべんきょうし、ぶんみせひらだがいつもおなあじおいしいそばつくつづことほんとうむずかそうだ。

そばしんしゅう」のかいてんぜん10だが、もりさんあさ6ときみせはいじゅんはじそしてみせからも、まいばんおいしいそばつくかた熱心ねっしんけんきゅうしている。「きゃくの『おいしかったよ』ということと、つかですよ」と、もりさんそのよこ「③たいへんですおっとけんかしても、みせではにこにこしていなければなりませんから」と、おくわら

サラリーマンだいにはできなかったけいけんしているもりさんは、いまそばけいえいこころたのいるようだ。いろいろろうありそうだが、これじんせいひとせんたくだろう。

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1『森さんもその一人だ』とあるが、どれはどのような意味か。
  2. 2『そば屋を開く人が多い』とあるが、その理由は何だと言っているか。
  3. 3『大変ですよ』とあるが、ここでは何が大変なのか。
  4. 4森さんは今、そば屋を開いたことをどう言っているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary20 words
  • つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • しゅう
    • ·state (of the US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. of Canada); county (e.g. of the UK); region (e.g. of Italy); canton; oblast
    • ·continent
    • ·province (of Japan)
    • ·province (of ancient China); prefecture; department
    • ·dear
    N3
  • 収入しゅうにゅう
    • ·income; earnings; revenue; proceeds; takings; receipts
    N3
  • 減るへるAs it appears here: 減った
    • ·to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
    N3
  • あつかう
    • ·to deal with (a person); to treat; to handle; to take care of; to entertain
    • ·to deal with (a problem); to handle; to manage
    • ·to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to work
    • ·to deal in; to sell
    • ·to cover (a topic); to treat; to discuss; to take up
    • ·to treat A as B
    • ·to mediate (an argument)
    • ·to be too much for one; to find unmanageable
    • ·to gossip
    N3
  • 材料ざいりょう
    • ·materials; ingredients
    • ·material (for a novel, experiment, etc.); subject matter
    • ·grounds (for a decision, judgement, etc.); basis; evidence; data
    • ·(market) factor
    N3
  • 種類しゅるい
    • ·variety; kind; type; category
    • ·counter for kinds, species, etc.
    N3
  • 健康けんこう
    • ·health
    • ·healthy; sound; fit; wholesome
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 夫婦ふうふ
    • ·married couple; husband and wife; man and wife
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 準備じゅんび
    • ·preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
    N3
  • 熱心ねっしん
    • ·zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
    N3
  • 疲れつかれ
    • ·tiredness; fatigue
    N3
  • 経験けいけん
    • ·experience
    N3
  • 経営けいえい
    • ·management; administration; operation; running (a business); conducting
    N3
  • 様子ようす
    • ·state (of affairs); situation; circumstances
    • ·appearance; look(s); air; manner; behaviour; demeanor
    • ·sign; indication
    N3
  • 苦労くろう
    • ·trouble; hardship; difficulty; labour; labor; toil; pains
    • ·anxiety; worry; concern; cares
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • 選択せんたく
    • ·choice; selection; option
    N3
Other levels68 words
  • 働くはたらくAs it appears here: 働いた
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • 会社かいしゃ
    • ·company; corporation; firm
    • ·one's workplace
    N5
  • そば
    • ·(place) near by; (place) close by; (place) right next to; the side (of something); beside; vicinity; proximity; neighbourhood (neighborhood)
    • ·as soon as; right after
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 今年ことし
    • ·this year
    N5
  • 奥さんおくさん
    • ·wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
    N5
  • 二人ふたり
    • ·two persons; two people; pair; couple
    N5
  • 小さなちいさな
    • ·small; little; tiny
    N5
  • みせ
    • ·store; shop; establishment; restaurant
    N5
  • 開くひらくAs it appears here: 開いた
    • ·to open (e.g. doors)
    • ·to open (e.g. business, etc.)
    • ·to be empty
    • ·to be vacant; to be available; to be free
    • ·to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.)
    • ·to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
    • ·to come to an end
    • ·to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
    • ·to have a hole; to form a gap; to have an interval (between events)
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 一人ひとり
    • ·one person
    • ·being alone; being by oneself
    • ·being single; being unmarried
    • ·by oneself; alone
    • ·just; only; simply
    N5
  • いま
    • ·now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately
    • ·another; more
    N5
  • よいAs it appears here: よかった
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • 言ういう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • なぜ
    • ·why; how; for what reason
    N5
  • 少ないすくないAs it appears here: 少なく
    • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしいAs it appears here: 難しくない
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • 食べ物たべもの
    • ·food
    N5
  • 多いおおいAs it appears here: 多く
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 勉強べんきょう
    • ·study
    • ·diligence; working hard
    • ·experience; knowledge; lesson (for the future)
    • ·discount; price reduction
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • いつも
    • ·always; all the time; at all times
    • ·never
    • ·usual; regular; habitual; customary
    N5
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • おいしい
    • ·good(-tasting); nice; delicious; tasty
    • ·attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient; favorable; desirable; profitable
    N5
  • 作るつくるAs it appears here: 作り
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしいAs it appears here: 難し
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • 午前ごぜん
    • ·morning; a.m.
    N5
  • あさ
    • ·morning
    • ·breakfast
    N5
  • 入るはいるAs it appears here: 入り
    • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
    • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
    • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
    • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
    • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
    • ·to be received; to be obtained
    • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
    • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
    • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
    • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
    • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
    • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
    • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
    N5
  • 毎晩まいばん
    • ·every night
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • おいしいAs it appears here: おいしかった
    • ·good(-tasting); nice; delicious; tasty
    • ·attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient; favorable; desirable; profitable
    N5
  • 言葉ことば
    • ·language; dialect
    • ·word; phrase; expression; term
    • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
    • ·words; remark; statement; comment
    • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
    N5
  • 聞くきく
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • 消えるきえる
    • ·to disappear; to vanish; to go out of sight; to go away; to become lost
    • ·to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to turn off (e.g. of a TV screen)
    • ·to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope)
    • ·to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness); to disappear; to fade away (e.g. of footsteps)
    • ·to wear away (e.g. of an inscription); to rub out (of writing); to fade (e.g. of ink)
    • ·to be lost (e.g. of a tradition); to die out; to disappear
    N5
  • よこ
    • ·horizontal (as opposed to vertical)
    • ·side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; breadth
    • ·side (of a box, etc.)
    • ·beside; aside; next to
    • ·unconnected
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できなかった
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • いろいろ
    • ·various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
    • ·variously; in various ways; in many ways
    • ·various things; this and that
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あり
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 一つひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • 最近さいきん
    • ·recently; lately; these days; nowadays; right now
    • ·nearest; closest
    N4
  • やめるAs it appears here: やめて
    • ·to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to end; to quit
    • ·to cancel; to abandon; to give up; to abolish; to abstain; to refrain
    N4
  • 始めるはじめる
    • ·to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
    • ·to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish
    • ·to start ...; to begin to ...
    N4
  • 増えるふえるAs it appears here: 増えて
    • ·to increase; to multiply
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 開くひらく
    • ·to open; to undo; to unseal; to unpack
    • ·to bloom; to unfold; to spread out
    • ·to open (for business, e.g. in the morning)
    • ·to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
    • ·to hold (meeting, party, etc.); to give; to open
    • ·to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.); to open (a new business); to set up; to establish; to start
    • ·to open (ports, borders, etc.)
    • ·to open (an account)
    • ·to open up (new land, path, etc.); to clear; to develop
    • ·to open (a file, etc.)
    • ·to extract (root); to reduce (equation)
    • ·to cut open (fish)
    • ·to change (kanji into hiragana)
    • ·to flare (e.g. skirt)
    • ·to slacken (into a poor posture)
    • ·to extend
    N4
  • 比べるくらべる
    • ·to compare; to make a comparison (between)
    • ·to compete (on); to measure (one's strength, ability, etc. against another's)
    N4
  • それほど
    • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
    N4
  • 増えるふえるAs it appears here: 増え
    • ·to increase; to multiply
    N4
  • 選ぶえらぶ
    • ·to choose; to select; to pick (out)
    N4
  • 手伝うてつだうAs it appears here: 手伝い
    • ·to help; to assist; to aid
    • ·to contribute to; to be a factor in
    N4
  • あじ
    • ·flavor; flavour; taste
    • ·charm; appeal; uniqueness; attractiveness
    • ·experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
    • ·smart; clever; witty; strange
    • ·aji; (expl.) position that has some lingering potential that may be exploited later in the game
    N4
  • 研究けんきゅう
    • ·research; study; investigation
    N4
  • おっと
    • ·husband
    N4
  • 笑うわらう
    • ·to laugh
    • ·to smile
    • ·to sneer; to ridicule
    • ·to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • しん
    • ·wick; marrow; staple (for stapler); (pencil) lead; stuffing; pith
    • ·core; heart; centre; center
    • ·pistil (of a flower)
    • ·stamen
    N2
    • ·honorific/polite/humble prefix
    • ·honorific suffix
    N1
  • やるAs it appears here: やって
    • ·to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study
    • ·to send; to dispatch; to despatch
    • ·to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
    • ·to make (a vehicle) go faster
    • ·to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
    • ·to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
    • ·to hold (a performance); to perform; to show
    • ·to ease (one's mind)
    • ·to harm; to injure; to kill
    • ·to have sex; to fuck; to bang
    • ·to live; to get by; to get along
    • ·to do ... completely
    • ·to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance
    • ·to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to
    • ·to make active efforts to ...
    • ·to suffer from (an illness); to experience (a medical condition); to be afflicted with
    N1
  • 知り合いしりあい
    • ·acquaintance
    N1
  • 終わるおわるAs it appears here: 終わって
    • ·to end; to come to an end; to finish; to close; to be over
    • ·to finish; to complete; to conclude
    • ·to finish doing
    • ·to be past its (one's) prime
    • ·to be awful; to be terrible; to suck; to be hopeless
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しんで
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    「お客さんの『おいしかったよ』という言葉を聞くと、疲れも消えるんですよ」と、森さん。

    Mori-san says, “When I hear a customer say, ‘That was delicious,’ all my tiredness disappears.”

Other levels17 patterns
  • てよかったN4

    Expresses relief or gladness that something turned out to be the case — 'I'm glad that…' / 'it was good that…'.

    「収入は減ったけど、今はやってよかったと思っています」と、森さんは言う。

    Mori-san says, “My income has gone down, but now I’m glad I did it.”

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    「収入は減ったけど、今はやってよかったと思っています」と、森さんは言う。

    Mori-san says, “My income has gone down, but now I’m glad I did it.”

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    そば屋は、てんぷら屋やすし屋、中華料理店やフランス料理店などに比べると、あつかう材料の種類も少なく、作り方もそれほど難しくない。

    Compared with tempura restaurants, sushi restaurants, Chinese restaurants, and French restaurants, soba restaurants use fewer kinds of ingredients, and the cooking methods are not particularly difficult.

  • 方(かた)N43 times in this passage

    Attaches to a verb's masu-stem to name the manner or method of doing it, "way of / how to".

    そば屋は、てんぷら屋やすし屋、中華料理店やフランス料理店などに比べると、あつかう材料の種類も少なく、作り方もそれほど難しくない。

    Compared with tempura restaurants, sushi restaurants, Chinese restaurants, and French restaurants, soba restaurants use fewer kinds of ingredients, and the cooking methods are not particularly difficult.

  • ように / ようなN4

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    また、最近は健康に気をつける人が増え、外食の時にそばのような体にいい食べ物を選ぶ人も多くなっているからだ。

    Another reason is that more people have recently become health-conscious, and many now choose healthy foods such as soba when eating out.

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    森さん夫婦は、一年ぐらい知り合いのそば屋を手伝いながらそばの作り方を勉強し、自分の店を開いた。

    Mori-san and his wife spent about a year helping at an acquaintance’s soba restaurant while learning how to make soba, and then opened their own shop.

  • 続ける(つづける)N4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

    だが、いつも同じ味のおいしいそばを作り続けることは本当に難しそうだ。

    However, it seems truly difficult to keep making delicious soba that tastes exactly the same every time.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    夫とけんかをしても、店ではにこにこしていなければなりませんから」と、奥さんが笑う。

    Even if I have an argument with my husband, I still have to keep smiling in the shop.”

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    夫とけんかをしても、店ではにこにこしていなければなりませんから」と、奥さんが笑う。

    Even if I have an argument with my husband, I still have to keep smiling in the shop.”

  • 〜ているN56 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    最近、長い間働いた会社をやめて、日本そば屋を始める人が増えているそうだ。

    Recently, there has reportedly been an increase in people who leave companies where they have worked for many years and open Japanese soba restaurants.

  • けどN5

    Colloquial conjunctive particle joining two clauses in contrast — "but / though / although."

    「収入は減ったけど、今はやってよかったと思っています」と、森さんは言う。

    Mori-san says, “My income has gone down, but now I’m glad I did it.”

  • いつもN5

    Adverb expressing habitual, unchanging frequency, "always / usually".

    だが、いつも同じ味のおいしいそばを作り続けることは本当に難しそうだ。

    However, it seems truly difficult to keep making delicious soba that tastes exactly the same every time.

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして、店が終わってからも、毎晩おいしいそばの作り方を熱心に研究している。

    Even after the shop closes, he spends every evening diligently studying how to make delicious soba.

  • 〜てからN5

    Marks that one action finishes, and only afterward does the next one happen — “after doing”.

    そして、店が終わってからも、毎晩おいしいそばの作り方を熱心に研究している。

    Even after the shop closes, he spends every evening diligently studying how to make delicious soba.

  • んですN5

    Explanatory ending that supplies a reason, context, or emphasis — 'the thing is…', 'it's that…'.

    「お客さんの『おいしかったよ』という言葉を聞くと、疲れも消えるんですよ」と、森さん。

    Mori-san says, “When I hear a customer say, ‘That was delicious,’ all my tiredness disappears.”

  • だ / ですN5

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    その横で「③大変ですよ。

    Beside him, his wife laughs and says, “③ It’s hard work.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    いろいろ苦労はありそうだが、これも人生の一つの選択だろう

    There seem to be many difficulties, but this too may be one of the choices we make in life.

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