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N3 · IntermediateMedium passagePassage #633
2

どもほめてそだよくでもわたし息子むすこほめると、息子むすこそのときぶんまんぞくしてそれじょうがんしなくなることありますおやたいとおにはならないことおおほめかたむずかかんいます

さいきんほめたらどもあたらことチャレンジするようなるか、調しら実験じっけんはなしすうひゃくにんどもむずかもんだい10もんそして結果けっかだっどもふたグループ一方いっぽうに「よくできたね。あたまね。」と「あたま」を、もう一方いっぽうに「よくがんちょうばったね。」と「りょく」をほめることかけますすると、つぎこうどうに①ちがあらわ

実験じっけんではつづおなもんだいいちか、あたらもんだいやってみるかをえらそうしたらあたまほめられたグループでは、ちがあたまわるおもしまうかんがからか、おおどもおなもんだいそれたいりょくほめられたグループでは、90%があたらもんだいチャレンジしたです

ほめかたヒントかくおもしろ実験じっけんだとおも

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1息子に対する自分のほめ方について、「私」はどう感じているか。
  2. 2違いが現れましたとあるが、それは例えば、どのようなことか。
  3. 3ほめ方のヒントが隠された面白い実驗だと思いましたとあるが、「私」は今後、自分の子供もに、例えば、どのようなほめ方をすると考えられるか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary18 words
  • 満足まんぞく
    • ·satisfaction; contentment; gratification
    • ·sufficient; satisfactory; enough; adequate; proper; decent
    • ·satisfying (an equation)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 期待きたい
    • ·expectation; anticipation; hope
    • ·promising; rising; up-and-coming
    N3
  • 通りとおり
    • ·street; road; avenue; thoroughfare
    • ·traffic; coming and going
    • ·flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; running
    • ·transmission (of sound); reach (of voice)
    • ·reputation; favor; favour; popularity
    • ·understanding; comprehension; comprehensibility; clarity
    • ·the same way (as); as (follows, stated, expected, etc.)
    • ·counter for sets of things
    • ·counter for methods, ways, kinds, etc.
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じて
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 実験じっけん
    • ·experiment; experimentation
    N3
  • 解くとくAs it appears here: 解かせます
    • ·to untie; to unfasten; to unwrap; to undo; to unbind; to unpack
    • ·to unsew; to unstitch
    • ·to solve; to work out; to answer
    • ·to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.); to clear up; to remove (suspicion); to appease
    • ·to dissolve (a contract); to cancel; to remove (a prohibition); to lift (a ban); to raise (a siege)
    • ·to release (from duty); to relieve; to dismiss
    • ·to comb (out); to card; to untangle (hair)
    N3
  • 結果けっか
    • ·result; consequence; outcome; effect
    • ·as a result of ...; as a consequence of ...; after ...; following ...
    • ·bearing fruit; fruiting
    N3
  • 分けるわけるAs it appears here: 分け
    • ·to divide (into); to split (into); to part; to separate; to divide up; to classify; to sort out; to divide out
    • ·to share; to distribute; to deal out; to dish out
    • ·to distinguish; to discriminate; to differentiate (between)
    • ·to break up (a fight); to mediate
    • ·to call a draw; to tie
    • ·to push one's way through (a crowd)
    • ·to sell
    N3
  • 一方いっぽう
    • ·one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
    • ·on the one hand; on the other hand
    • ·whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
    • ·just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
    N3
  • 努力どりょく
    • ·effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
    N3
  • 行動こうどう
    • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
    N3
  • 違いちがい
    • ·difference; distinction; discrepancy
    • ·mistake; error
    N3
  • 現れるあらわれるAs it appears here: 現れました
    • ·to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
    • ·to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
    N3
  • 解くとく
    • ·to untie; to unfasten; to unwrap; to undo; to unbind; to unpack
    • ·to unsew; to unstitch
    • ·to solve; to work out; to answer
    • ·to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.); to clear up; to remove (suspicion); to appease
    • ·to dissolve (a contract); to cancel; to remove (a prohibition); to lift (a ban); to raise (a siege)
    • ·to release (from duty); to relieve; to dismiss
    • ·to comb (out); to card; to untangle (hair)
    N3
  • 解くとくAs it appears here: 解きました
    • ·to untie; to unfasten; to unwrap; to undo; to unbind; to unpack
    • ·to unsew; to unstitch
    • ·to solve; to work out; to answer
    • ·to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.); to clear up; to remove (suspicion); to appease
    • ·to dissolve (a contract); to cancel; to remove (a prohibition); to lift (a ban); to raise (a siege)
    • ·to release (from duty); to relieve; to dismiss
    • ·to comb (out); to card; to untangle (hair)
    N3
  • 隠すかくすAs it appears here: 隠された
    • ·to hide; to conceal
    N3
Other levels50 words
  • 子供こども
    • ·child; children
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞きます
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなく
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あります
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 多いおおいAs it appears here: 多く
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • かた
    • ·direction; way
    • ·person; lady; gentleman
    • ·method of; manner of; way of
    • ·care of ...
    • ·person in charge of ...
    • ·side (e.g. "on my mother's side")
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 持つもつ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞きました
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • 良いよい
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できた
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • あたま
    • ·head
    • ·hair (on one's head)
    • ·mind; brains; intellect
    • ·leader; chief; boss; captain
    • ·top; tip
    • ·beginning; start
    • ·head; person
    • ·down payment; deposit
    • ·top structural component of a kanji
    • ·pair
    N5
  • 言葉ことば
    • ·language; dialect
    • ·word; phrase; expression; term
    • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
    • ·words; remark; statement; comment
    • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
    N5
  • かけるAs it appears here: かけます
    • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
    • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
    • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
    • ·to make (a call)
    • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
    • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
    • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
    • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
    • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
    • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
    • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
    • ·to bind
    • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
    • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
    • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
    • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
    • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
    • ·to increase further
    • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
    • ·to set atop
    • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
    • ·to apply (insurance)
    • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
    • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
    • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
    N5
  • つぎ
    • ·next; following; subsequent
    • ·stage; station
    N5
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • もう一度もういちど
    • ·once more; again
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 面白いおもしろい
    • ·interesting; fascinating; intriguing; enthralling
    • ·amusing; funny; comical
    • ·enjoyable; fun; entertaining; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·good; satisfactory; favourable; desirable; encouraging
    N5
  • ほめるAs it appears here: ほめて
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • 育てるそだてるAs it appears here: 育てろ
    • ·to raise; to rear; to bring up
    • ·to train; to teach; to educate
    • ·to promote the growth of; to nurture; to foster; to develop
    N4
  • 息子むすこ
    • ·son
    • ·penis
    N4
  • ほめる
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • 以上いじょう
    • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
    • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
    • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
    • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
    • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
    N4
  • おや
    • ·parent; parents; mother and father
    • ·dealer; banker
    • ·founder; inventor
    • ·(pet) owner
    • ·key; parent (organization); main
    • ·ancestor; forefather
    N4
  • ほめるAs it appears here: ほめ
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • ほめるAs it appears here: ほめたら
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • 気持ちきもち
    • ·feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
    • ·preparedness; readiness; attitude
    • ·thought; sentiment; consideration; solicitude; gratitude
    • ·slightly; a bit; a little
    N4
  • 調べるしらべるAs it appears here: 調べた
    • ·to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search
    N4
  • 続けるつづけるAs it appears here: 続けて
    • ·to continue; to keep up; to keep on
    • ·to continue ...; to keep on ...
    N4
  • 選ぶえらぶAs it appears here: 選ばせます
    • ·to choose; to select; to pick (out)
    N4
  • ほめるAs it appears here: ほめられた
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • 間違えるまちがえる
    • ·to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to do incorrectly
    • ·to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思われて
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えた
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思いました
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • もん
    • ·counter for questions
    N1
  • やるAs it appears here: やって
    • ·to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study
    • ·to send; to dispatch; to despatch
    • ·to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
    • ·to make (a vehicle) go faster
    • ·to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
    • ·to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
    • ·to hold (a performance); to perform; to show
    • ·to ease (one's mind)
    • ·to harm; to injure; to kill
    • ·to have sex; to fuck; to bang
    • ·to live; to get by; to get along
    • ·to do ... completely
    • ·to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance
    • ·to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to
    • ·to make active efforts to ...
    • ·to suffer from (an illness); to experience (a medical condition); to be afflicted with
    N1
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • とおりにN3

    States that something is done exactly as described, instructed, or expected — "just as ~; in accordance with ~".

    親の期待の通りにはならないことが多く、ほめ方の難しさを感じています。

    Things often do not turn out as parents expect, and I have come to realize how difficult it is to know how to praise a child.

  • に対してN3

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    それに対して、努力をほめられたグループでは、90%が新しい問題にチャレンジしたのです。

    In contrast, in the group praised for effort, 90% of the children took on the new problems.

Other levels10 patterns
  • たらN4

    Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

    最近どうほめたら子供が新しいことにチャレンジする気持ちを持つようになるか、調べた実験の話を聞きました。

    Recently, I heard about an experiment that examined how children should be praised so that they become willing to take on new challenges.

  • ようになるN4

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    最近どうほめたら子供が新しいことにチャレンジする気持ちを持つようになるか、調べた実験の話を聞きました。

    Recently, I heard about an experiment that examined how children should be praised so that they become willing to take on new challenges.

  • 続ける(つづける)N4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

    実験では続けて、同じ問題をもう一度解くか、新しい問題をやってみるかを選ばせます。

    Next in the experiment, the children were asked to choose between solving the same problems again or trying new problems.

  • 〜てみるN4

    Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.

    実験では続けて、同じ問題をもう一度解くか、新しい問題をやってみるかを選ばせます。

    Next in the experiment, the children were asked to choose between solving the same problems again or trying new problems.

  • と思う(とおもう)N42 times in this passage

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    そうしたら、頭の良さをほめられたグループでは、間違えると頭が悪いと思われてしまうと考えたからか、多くの子供が同じ問題を解きました。

    In the group praised for intelligence, perhaps because they thought that making a mistake would make people think they were not smart, many of the children chose to solve the same problems again.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    そうしたら、頭の良さをほめられたグループでは、間違えると頭が悪いと思われてしまうと考えたからか、多くの子供が同じ問題を解きました。

    In the group praised for intelligence, perhaps because they thought that making a mistake would make people think they were not smart, many of the children chose to solve the same problems again.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    親の期待の通りにはならないことが多く、ほめ方の難しさを感じています。

    Things often do not turn out as parents expect, and I have come to realize how difficult it is to know how to praise a child.

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして、良い結果だった子供たちを二つのグループに分け、一方に「よくできたね。

    Then the children who got good results were divided into two groups, and one group was told, “You did very well.

  • もうN5

    The adverb "already" (with an affirmative), or "(not) anymore / any longer" (with a negative).

    頭がいいね。」と「頭の良さ」を、もう一方に「よく頑がん張ばったね。」と「努力」をほめる言葉をかけます。

    You're very smart,” praising their “intelligence,” while the other group was told, “You worked really hard,” praising their “effort.”

  • だ / ですN5

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    それに対して、努力をほめられたグループでは、90%が新しい問題にチャレンジしたのです

    In contrast, in the group praised for effort, 90% of the children took on the new problems.

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