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N2 · Upper intermediateMedium passagePassage #623
2

これビジネスぶんしょうかぎことではないのだが、なんあれぶんしょういると、すこばかりきんちょうかんおぼものだ。ながらあたまなかこんなことかんがいる

このかたいいのかな。

これひどく下手へたかたじゃないだろうか。

これわかるかな。

そういうしきりして(注1)ちょっとしたプレッシャーなっているだからこそぶんしょうのはにがだ、とおもいるひといるじゃないだろうか。

しかしそのぎゃくまたしんあるぶんしょうおもしろとは、そういうプレッシャーかんながらなんしょもんだいクリアしていちおうものことあるのだ。

テレビゲームたののとおなくつ(注2)あるあればこうりゃくする(注3)のがかんたんではないさまざましょうがいかわしながら(注4)つぎつぎもんだいかいけつしていってなんクリアしていくところおもしろのであるむずかからこそうまくやったときたののだ。

ぶんしょうのも、①そういうことあるこれいいのかな、といちまつ(注5)あんかかながらなんいくってことたのならない

べつかたすると、ぶんしょうというものは、ひとたいうまくくれ、とようきゅうしてくるのであるなぜならぶんしょうとはひとひととのコミュニケーションどうからだ。

このれいがいは、ぶんだけわかればいいメモと、ぜったいにん日記にっきだけある

それがいぶんしょうは、かならにんげんほかに、②にんげんいてかんせいされるのだ。そしてひとつたたかっことが、ひとちゃんとわかこそぶんしょうやくことなる

清水しみずよしのりスラスラビジネスぶんしょう』」による

ちゅう1)しきりになん

ちゅう2)くつここでは、かんがかた

ちゅう3)こうりゃくするうまくかいけつする

ちゅう4)かわしながらながら

ちゅう5)いちまつの:ほんのすこ

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1筆者は、文章を書くときに何がプレッシャーになっていると述べているか。
  2. 2そういうことであるとはどういうことか。
  3. 3読む人間がいて完成されるとはどういうことか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary2 words
  • 一応いちおう
    • ·more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; after a fashion; pretty much; roughly; so far as it goes; technically
    • ·tentatively; for the time being
    • ·just in case
    • ·once
    N2
  • 例外れいがい
    • ·exception
    N2
Other levels82 words
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 文章ぶんしょう
    • ·writing; composition; essay; article; passage; prose; (writing) style
    • ·sentence
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書いて
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • 少しすこし
    • ·a little; a bit; a small amount; a few; some; slightly; somewhat
    • ·a little while; a short time; a moment; a minute
    • ·a little way; a short distance
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえる
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書き
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • あたま
    • ·head
    • ·hair (on one's head)
    • ·mind; brains; intellect
    • ·leader; chief; boss; captain
    • ·top; tip
    • ·beginning; start
    • ·head; person
    • ·down payment; deposit
    • ·top structural component of a kanji
    • ·pair
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 下手へた
    • ·unskillful; poor; awkward
    • ·imprudent; untactful
    N5
  • わかる
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 書くかく
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしい
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あれば
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • 面白いおもしろい
    • ·interesting; fascinating; intriguing; enthralling
    • ·amusing; funny; comical
    • ·enjoyable; fun; entertaining; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·good; satisfactory; favourable; desirable; encouraging
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わかれば
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • 見せるみせるAs it appears here: 見せない
    • ·to show; to display
    • ·to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...
    • ·to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining
    • ·to have (something) looked at (by a specialist); to have (an antique, etc.) appraised
    • ·to have (an injury, person, etc.) looked at (by a doctor); to take (someone) to a doctor
    • ·to make a show of (doing); to do in a conspicuous manner; to do in view of others
    • ·to resolve to do; to do at any cost; to show others that one will ...
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • ほか
    • ·another place; some other place; somewhere else; outside
    • ·another (person or thing); other; different; something else; someone else; the rest; et al.
    • ·beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
    • ·except; but; other than; apart from
    • ·besides; in addition to; as well as; on top of
    N5
  • 読むよむ
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いて
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書いた
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • 読むよむAs it appears here: 読んだ
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 書けるかける
    • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
    • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
    • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
    • ·to make (a call)
    • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
    • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
    • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
    • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
    • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
    • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
    • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
    • ·to bind
    • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
    • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
    • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
    • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
    • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
    • ·to increase further
    • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
    • ·to set atop
    • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
    • ·to apply (insurance)
    • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
    • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
    • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • ひどいAs it appears here: ひどく
    • ·cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe
    • ·violent; intense; strong; heavy; extreme
    • ·very bad; terrible; awful
    • ·excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; outrageous; unfair; unjust
    N4
    • ·spirit; mind; heart
    • ·nature; disposition
    • ·intention; mind; will; motivation
    • ·mood; feelings
    • ·consciousness
    • ·care; attention; consideration; worry
    • ·interest
    • ·(the) air; atmosphere
    • ·ambience; atmosphere (of); air (of); mood
    • ·fragrance; aroma; flavour; taste
    • ·qi (in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine); chi; ki
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 簡単かんたん
    • ·simple; easy; uncomplicated
    • ·brief; quick; light
    N4
  • べつ
    • ·distinction; difference; discrimination
    • ·separate; different; another; extra
    • ·exception; exclusion
    • ·classified by; ranked by; according to
    N4
  • 道具どうぐ
    • ·tool; implement; instrument; utensil; apparatus; device
    • ·means
    • ·furniture
    N4
  • 日記にっき
    • ·diary; journal
    N4
  • 以外いがい
    • ·excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
    • ·outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • 伝えるつたえるAs it appears here: 伝え
    • ·to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
    N4
  • 限るかぎるAs it appears here: 限った
    • ·to restrict; to limit; to confine
    • ·to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be confined to
    • ·to be best (for); to be the best plan; to be the only way (to)
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 何でなんで
    • ·why?; what for?
    • ·how?; by what means?
    N3
  • 苦手にがて
    • ·poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at)
    • ·not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
    N3
  • ぎゃく
    • ·reverse; opposite
    • ·converse (of a hypothesis, etc.)
    • ·inverse (function)
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じ
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • 何とかなんとか
    • ·something; something or other; so-and-so
    • ·somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 障害しょうがい
    • ·obstacle; impediment; hindrance; barrier; difficulty
    • ·disorder; defect; disability; handicap; impairment; dysfunction
    • ·steeplechase
    • ·obstacle race; steeplechase (athletics)
    N3
  • 解決かいけつ
    • ·settlement; solution; resolution
    N3
  • うまいAs it appears here: うまく
    • ·skillful; skilful; skilled; good; expert; clever (expression, trick, etc.); apt; appropriate
    • ·delicious; tasty; good; nice
    • ·good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable; promising; lucky; fortunate; successful; satisfactory; splendid
    N3
  • 不安ふあん
    • ·anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense
    N3
  • 抱えるかかえるAs it appears here: 抱え
    • ·to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to carry under one's arm; to hold (one's head) in one's hands
    • ·to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to be burdened with (e.g. care of a family member); to have (children, etc.) to provide for
    • ·to employ; to have (on one's staff); to hire
    N3
  • 要求ようきゅう
    • ·demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
    N3
  • なぜなら
    • ·because; the reason is; if you want to know why
    N3
  • 他人たにん
    • ·another person; other people; others
    • ·unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood)
    • ·outsider; stranger
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 完成かんせい
    • ·completion; perfection; accomplishment
    N3
  • やく
    • ·role; assignment; responsibility; duty; function; job; service
    • ·position (of responsibility); post; office
    • ·part (in a play, film, etc.); role; character
    • ·scoring combination; hand; yaku; meld
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • しきりに
    • ·frequently; repeatedly; often; incessantly; constantly
    • ·eagerly; keenly; strongly; intently
    • ·hard; terribly; extremely; severely
    N3
  • 避けるさけるAs it appears here: 避け
    • ·to avoid (physical contact with)
    • ·to avoid (situation); to evade (question, subject); to shirk (one's responsibilities)
    • ·to ward off; to avert
    • ·to put aside; to move out of the way
    N3
  • しきるAs it appears here: しきり
    • ·to partition; to divide; to mark off
    • ·to direct; to manage; to run; to organize; to take responsibility for
    • ·to settle accounts
    • ·to assume a crouching posture (at the start of a bout); to poise oneself for the initial charge
    N1
  • 理屈りくつ
    • ·theory; reason; logic
    • ·(unreasonable) argument; strained logic; excuse; pretext
    N1
  • かわすAs it appears here: かわし
    • ·to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.)
    • ·to intersect; to cross; to interlace
    • ·... with one another; ... to each other
    N1
  • やるAs it appears here: やった
    • ·to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study
    • ·to send; to dispatch; to despatch
    • ·to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
    • ·to make (a vehicle) go faster
    • ·to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
    • ·to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
    • ·to hold (a performance); to perform; to show
    • ·to ease (one's mind)
    • ·to harm; to injure; to kill
    • ·to have sex; to fuck; to bang
    • ·to live; to get by; to get along
    • ·to do ... completely
    • ·to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance
    • ·to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to
    • ·to make active efforts to ...
    • ·to suffer from (an illness); to experience (a medical condition); to be afflicted with
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しまなければ
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 果たすはたすAs it appears here: 果たした
    • ·to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to fulfill; to fulfil; to realize; to execute; to perform; to do
    • ·to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
    N1
  • ほんの
    • ·mere; only; just; slight
    N1
Grammar5 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • 一応(いちおう)N2

    Marks an action as done tentatively, roughly, or just to be safe — 'for now', 'more or less', 'just in case'.

    文章を書く面白さとは、そういうプレッシャーを感じながら、何とか諸問題をクリアして、一応のものを書き上げることにあるのだ。

    The pleasure of writing lies in feeling that pressure, somehow overcoming the various problems, and managing to produce something reasonably complete.

  • からこそN2

    Emphasizes a reason as the very cause — 'precisely because,' 'it is exactly because.'

    難しいからこそ、うまくやった時に楽しいのだ。

    It is precisely because it is difficult that succeeding feels so rewarding.

  • だけにN2

    The stated reason makes the result all the more fitting or intense, "precisely because / all the more because".

    この例外は、自分だけにわかればいいメモと、絶対に他人に見せない日記だけである。

    The only exceptions are notes that only you need to understand and diaries that absolutely no one else will ever see.

  • 以外(いがい)N2

    Marks everything except the named item — 'other than ~', 'apart from ~', 'besides ~'.

    それ以外の文章は、必ず、書く人間のほかに、②読む人間がいて完成されるのだ。

    Every other kind of writing is completed only when, in addition to the writer, there is ② a reader.

  • 〜てこそN2

    Emphasizes that only by actually doing X does the result become true — 'it is only by/precisely by doing X that...'.

    そして、書いた人の伝えたかったことが、読んだ人にちゃんと分ってこそ、文章は役を果たしたことになる。

    And only when what the writer wanted to communicate is properly understood by the reader can the writing be said to have fulfilled its role.

Other levels27 patterns
  • に限ったことではないN1

    States that a situation is not unique to X but occurs elsewhere too: 'X isn't the only case'.

    これはビジネス文章に限ったことではないのだが、何であれ文章を書いていると、少しばかり緊張感を覚えるものだ。

    This is not limited to business writing, but whenever we write anything, we tend to feel at least a little tension.

  • であれ / であろうとN1

    Concessive after a question word meaning "no matter who/what it is (~ still holds)."

    これはビジネス文章に限ったことではないのだが、何であれ文章を書いていると、少しばかり緊張感を覚えるものだ。

    This is not limited to business writing, but whenever we write anything, we tend to feel at least a little tension.

  • というものN1

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    別の言い方をすると、文章というものは、書く人に対して、うまく書いてくれ、と要求してくるのである。

    Put differently, a piece of writing demands of its writer: write me well.

  • たことにする / たことになるN1

    Treats something as settled fact for convenience — with する 'to pretend/act as if ~ (did or didn't) happen', with なる 'it ends up counting as ~'.

    そして、書いた人の伝えたかったことが、読んだ人にちゃんと分ってこそ、文章は役を果たしたことになる

    And only when what the writer wanted to communicate is properly understood by the reader can the writing be said to have fulfilled its role.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    だからこそ、文章を書くのは苦手だ、と思っている人もいるのじゃないだろうか。

    Perhaps that is precisely why some people feel that they are bad at writing.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    あれば、攻略するのが簡単ではないさまざまな障害をかわしながら、次々に問題を解決していって、何とかクリアしていくところが面白いのである。

    The fun lies in avoiding various obstacles that are not easy to overcome, solving one problem after another, and somehow managing to clear the game.

  • に対してN3

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    別の言い方をすると、文章というものは、書く人に対して、うまく書いてくれ、と要求してくるのである。

    Put differently, a piece of writing demands of its writer: write me well.

  • なぜならN3

    A sentence-initial conjunction that introduces the reason for what was just said — "because / the reason is that".

    なぜなら、文章とは人と人とのコミュニケーションの道具だからだ。

    That is because writing is a tool for communication between people.

  • 〜ばいいN3

    Offers a suggestion or solution via the conditional plus いい, "you should ~ / it'd be good to just ~."

    この例外は、自分だけにわかればいいメモと、絶対に他人に見せない日記だけである。

    The only exceptions are notes that only you need to understand and diaries that absolutely no one else will ever see.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (清水義範「スラスラ書ける『ビジネス文章』」による

    (From Shimizu Yoshinori, “Writing Business Texts with Ease”)

  • ばかりN4

    Limits or emphasizes a thing — 'only / nothing but' — or after a past-tense verb means 'just (finished) doing.'

    これはビジネス文章に限ったことではないのだが、何であれ文章を書いていると、少しばかり緊張感を覚えるものだ。

    This is not limited to business writing, but whenever we write anything, we tend to feel at least a little tension.

  • ながらN46 times in this passage

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    書きながら、頭の中でこんなことを考えている。

    As we write, thoughts like these run through our minds.

  • 〜の中でN4

    Marks a set or group as the domain of a comparison — "among ~ / of all ~", typically paired with a superlative.

    書きながら、頭の中でこんなことを考えている。

    As we write, thoughts like these run through our minds.

  • かなN43 times in this passage

    Casual sentence-final particle musing to oneself — 'I wonder...' (and 'I hope...' with a negative).

    この書き方でいいのかな

    Is it all right to write it this way?

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    だからこそ、文章を書くのは苦手だ、と思っている人もいるのじゃないだろうか。

    Perhaps that is precisely why some people feel that they are bad at writing.

  • 〜ていくN43 times in this passage

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    あれば、攻略するのが簡単ではないさまざまな障害をかわしながら、次々に問題を解決していって、何とかクリアしていくところが面白いのである。

    The fun lies in avoiding various obstacles that are not easy to overcome, solving one problem after another, and somehow managing to clear the game.

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    これでいいのかな、と一抹の不安を抱えながら、何とか書いていくってことを楽しまなければならない

    We have to learn to enjoy somehow continuing to write while carrying a slight anxiety that asks, “Is this really all right?”

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    別の言い方をすると、文章というものは、書く人に対して、うまく書いてくれ、と要求してくるのである。

    Put differently, a piece of writing demands of its writer: write me well.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    別の言い方をすると、文章というものは、書く人に対して、うまく書いてくれ、と要求してくるのである。

    Put differently, a piece of writing demands of its writer: write me well.

  • だけでN4

    'Just by / with only' — a single small condition alone is enough to produce the result.

    この例外は、自分だけにわかればいいメモと、絶対に他人に見せない日記だけである。

    The only exceptions are notes that only you need to understand and diaries that absolutely no one else will ever see.

  • 〜ているN54 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    これはビジネス文章に限ったことではないのだが、何であれ文章を書いていると、少しばかり緊張感を覚えるものだ。

    This is not limited to business writing, but whenever we write anything, we tend to feel at least a little tension.

  • じゃない・ではないN53 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    これ、ひどく下手な書き方じゃないだろうか。

    Isn’t this a terribly poor way of writing it?

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    これ、ひどく下手な書き方じゃないだろうか。

    Isn’t this a terribly poor way of writing it?

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、その逆もまた真である。

    However, the opposite is also true.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    あれば、攻略するのが簡単ではないさまざまな障害をかわしながら、次々に問題を解決していって、何とかクリアしていくところが面白いのである。

    The fun lies in avoiding various obstacles that are not easy to overcome, solving one problem after another, and somehow managing to clear the game.

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして、書いた人の伝えたかったことが、読んだ人にちゃんと分ってこそ、文章は役を果たしたことになる。

    And only when what the writer wanted to communicate is properly understood by the reader can the writing be said to have fulfilled its role.

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    そして、書いた人の伝えたかったことが、読んだ人にちゃんと分ってこそ、文章は役を果たしたことになる。

    And only when what the writer wanted to communicate is properly understood by the reader can the writing be said to have fulfilled its role.

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