• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• つけるAs it appears here: つけます
  • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
  • ·to furnish (a house with)
  • ·to wear; to put on
  • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
  • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
  • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
  • ·to bring alongside
  • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
  • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
  • ·to load; to give (courage to)
  • ·to keep (an eye on)
  • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
  • ·to turn on (a light)
  • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
  • ·to attach; to play an attachment
  • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
  • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
  N5
• 高いたかいAs it appears here: 高く
  • ·high; tall
  • ·expensive; high-priced
  • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
  • ·loud
  • ·high-pitched; shrill
  N5
• 新しいあたらしいAs it appears here: 新しく
  • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
  N5
• 入るはいるAs it appears here: 入って
  • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
  • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
  • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
  • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
  • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
  • ·to be received; to be obtained
  • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
  • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
  • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
  • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
  • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
  • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
  • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
  N5
• 見るみるAs it appears here: 見れば
  • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
  • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
  • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
  • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
  • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
  • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
  N5
• よく
  • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
  • ·frequently; often
  • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
  • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
  N5
• 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞きます
  • ·to hear
  • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
  • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
  • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
  • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
  • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
  • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
  • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• 一人ひとり
  • ·one person
  • ·being alone; being by oneself
  • ·being single; being unmarried
  • ·by oneself; alone
  • ·just; only; simply
  N5
• するAs it appears here: したり
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 鼻はな
  • ·nose
  N5
• 体からだ
  • ·body
  • ·torso; trunk
  • ·build; physique; frame; figure
  • ·health; constitution
  N5
• 押すおすAs it appears here: 押されたり
  • ·to push; to thrust; to shove
  • ·to press (down); to push (e.g. a button); to exert pressure on
  • ·to stamp (e.g. one's name); to affix (a seal)
  • ·to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
  • ·to push (someone for something); to press; to put pressure on (someone)
  • ·to overwhelm; to overpower; to put (someone) under pressure; to be superior to
  • ·to push ahead (with a policy, plan, etc.); to proceed; to stick to
  • ·to do ... in spite of ...; to defy; to brave; to push aside
  • ·to make sure
  • ·to fall behind schedule
  • ·to push; to extend one's stones forward by pushing against opponent's stones
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 新しいあたらしい
  • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
  N5
• 動物どうぶつ
  • ·animal
  N5
• なぜ
  • ·why; how; for what reason
  N5
• 可愛いかわいい
  • ·cute; adorable; charming; lovely; pretty
  • ·dear; precious; darling; pet
  • ·innocent; childlike; childish; lovable
  • ·dainty; little; tiny
  • ·precious to oneself; dear (to one)
  N5
• つける
  • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
  • ·to furnish (a house with)
  • ·to wear; to put on
  • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
  • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
  • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
  • ·to bring alongside
  • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
  • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
  • ·to load; to give (courage to)
  • ·to keep (an eye on)
  • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
  • ·to turn on (a light)
  • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
  • ·to attach; to play an attachment
  • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
  • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
  N5
• ここ
  • ·here; this place
  • ·this point; here; now
  • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
  • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
  N5
• 行うおこなう
  • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
  N4
• 場合ばあい
  • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
  N4
• 深いふかい
  • ·deep
  • ·profound
  • ·dense; thick
  • ·close (relationship)
  • ·intense; strong
  • ·late
  N4
• 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 事故じこ
  • ·accident; incident; trouble
  • ·circumstances; reasons
  N4
• 特にとくに
  • ·particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
  N4
• 十分じゅうぶん
  • ·enough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory
  • ·sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly
  • ·division into ten
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 赤ちゃんあかちゃん
  • ·baby; infant
  N4
• ゾウぞう
  • ·elephant (Elephantidae spp.)
  N3
• 世話せわ
  • ·care; looking after; help; assistance; aid
  • ·trouble; bother
  • ·good offices; recommendation; introduction
  • ·everyday life; everyday affairs; everyday language
  • ·sewamono (Edo-period drama about contemporary life)
  N3
• 係かかり
  • ·charge; duty; person in charge; official; clerk
  • ·connection; linking
  N3
• 最低さいてい
  • ·least; lowest; minimum
  • ·worst
  • ·awful; horrible; nasty; disgusting
  • ·at the very least
  N3
• 命令めいれい
  • ·order; command; decree; directive
  • ·(software) instruction; statement
  N3
• 経験けいけん
  • ·experience
  N3
• 任せるまかせるAs it appears here: 任せて
  • ·to leave (a matter, decision, etc. to someone); to entrust (to someone); to entrust (someone) with
  • ·to leave (to chance, one's imagination, etc.); to let (take its own course); to let (happen); to give (oneself to something)
  • ·to use (money, strength, spare time, etc.) to the full; to use freely; to use without reserve
  N3
• 認めるみとめる
  • ·to recognize; to recognise; to observe; to notice
  • ·to deem; to judge; to assess
  • ·to approve; to deem acceptable; to allow
  • ·to admit; to accept; to confess (to a charge)
  • ·to watch steadily; to observe carefully
  • ·to renown; to give renown to; to appreciate; to acknowledge
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 順番じゅんばん
  • ·order; turn
  N3
• 反抗はんこう
  • ·opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
  N3
• 下位かい
  • ·low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)
  N1
• 反発はんぱつ
  • ·opposition; rebellion; revolt; resistance; backlash; refusal
  • ·rebounding; recoiling; repulsion
  • ·rally (e.g. in stock prices); recovery
  N1
• 乏しいとぼしい
  • ·meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up; lacking; scanty; poor
  N1

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• だの～だのN1

  Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

  ゾウが新しい人を十分認めるまでは、経験者との共同作業が必要なのです。

  Until the elephant fully accepts the newcomer, that person needs to work together with an experienced handler.

• によって/によるN3

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  （増井光子「動物の赤ちゃんは、なぜ可愛い」による）

  (Based on Masui Mitsuko, “Why Are Baby Animals Cute?”)

• 〜てくるN4

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  ゾウとのかかわりの深い経験者を順位は高く、新しく係に入ってきた人の順位は、ゾウから見れば最低です。

  Experienced people who have had a close relationship with the elephant rank highly, while a newcomer to its care is, from the elephant’s point of view, at the very bottom.

• と思う（とおもう）N4

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  しかし、下位だと思っている人が一人でゾウに命令したりすると、反発して鼻や体で押されたりして事故となってしまうのです。

  However, if someone whom the elephant considers lower-ranking gives it orders while alone, the elephant may resist and push the person with its trunk or body, resulting in an accident.

• 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

  Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

  しかし、下位だと思っている人が一人でゾウに命令したりすると、反発して鼻や体で押されたりして事故となってしまうのです。

  However, if someone whom the elephant considers lower-ranking gives it orders while alone, the elephant may resist and push the person with its trunk or body, resulting in an accident.

• が必要（がひつよう）N4

  Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

  ゾウが新しい人を十分認めるまでは、経験者との共同作業が必要なのです。

  Until the elephant fully accepts the newcomer, that person needs to work together with an experienced handler.

• だ / ですN54 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  ゾウとのかかわりの深い経験者を順位は高く、新しく係に入ってきた人の順位は、ゾウから見れば最低です。

  Experienced people who have had a close relationship with the elephant rank highly, while a newcomer to its care is, from the elephant’s point of view, at the very bottom.

• しかしN5

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし、下位だと思っている人が一人でゾウに命令したりすると、反発して鼻や体で押されたりして事故となってしまうのです。

  However, if someone whom the elephant considers lower-ranking gives it orders while alone, the elephant may resist and push the person with its trunk or body, resulting in an accident.

• 〜ているN5

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  しかし、下位だと思っている人が一人でゾウに命令したりすると、反発して鼻や体で押されたりして事故となってしまうのです。

  However, if someone whom the elephant considers lower-ranking gives it orders while alone, the elephant may resist and push the person with its trunk or body, resulting in an accident.

• 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  しかし、下位だと思っている人が一人でゾウに命令したりすると、反発して鼻や体で押されたりして事故となってしまうのです。

  However, if someone whom the elephant considers lower-ranking gives it orders while alone, the elephant may resist and push the person with its trunk or body, resulting in an accident.

• 〜てはいけないN5

  States that an action is prohibited — “must not do”.

  ですから、ゾウの経験の乏しい新しい人に、特に一人で任せてはいけません。

  Therefore, an inexperienced newcomer must not be left in charge of an elephant, especially alone.

• までN5

  Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

  ゾウが新しい人を十分認めるまでは、経験者との共同作業が必要なのです。

  Until the elephant fully accepts the newcomer, that person needs to work together with an experienced handler.