を経てN12 times in this passage
After passing through a process, stage, or period of time — 'after going through', 'via'.
数学や外国語、歴史、理科など、さまざまなジャンル、要するに別角度からのアプローチを経て、この三つの力を養うのが勉強の本質なのです。
The essence of studying is to cultivate these three abilities through various fields such as mathematics, foreign languages, history, and science—in other words, through approaches from different angles.
だの～だのN1
Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").
数学や外国語、歴史、理科など、さまざまなジャンル、要するに別角度からのアプローチを経て、この三つの力を養うのが勉強の本質なのです。
The essence of studying is to cultivate these three abilities through various fields such as mathematics, foreign languages, history, and science—in other words, through approaches from different angles.
において/におけるN3
Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.
人生におけるほとんどの仕事は、この能力によってなされます。
Most of the work we do in life is accomplished through these abilities.
によって/によるN33 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
人生におけるほとんどの仕事は、この能力によってなされます。
Most of the work we do in life is accomplished through these abilities.
ためにN36 times in this passage
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
さらに、この能力は、小金を稼ぐためにのみ役立てるべきではありません。
Furthermore, these abilities should not be used merely to earn a little money.
こそN3
Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'
社会に貢献し、人類が進歩するための貴重な一助となるためにこそ、能力を高めなければならない、とそこまで言ってやると、子どもの目は断然と輝き始めます。
If you go so far as to tell children that they must develop these abilities precisely so that they can contribute to society and become a valuable force for human progress, their eyes will surely begin to light up.
だらけN3
Suffix on a noun meaning "full of / covered in / riddled with" X, almost always something unwanted (mistakes, dust, blood).
社会はわからないことだらけだ。
Society is full of things we do not understand.
といい／たらいいN3
Expresses a hope or gentle suggestion — "it'd be good if", "you should", "I hope ~".
簡単にあきらめない能力を養うためにどうしたらいいか。
How, then, can we develop the ability not to give up easily?
というN32 times in this passage
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
わからないからこそ勉強するのであって、初めからわかっていたら勉強しようという気も起きない。
We study precisely because we do not understand; if we understood everything from the beginning, we would not even feel like studying.
ままN3
Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'
社会人になった今では数学も歴史も、習ったそのままの知識は忘れ去ってしまったが日常生活には特に困ってはいない。
Now that I am a working adult, I have forgotten the mathematics and history knowledge in the form in which I learned it, but this causes no particular difficulty in everyday life.
ずにN3
Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.
しかし、わからないことにチャレンジし、わかるようになるまであきらめずに勉強するという姿勢は、今も役に立っている。
However, the attitude of taking on things I do not understand and continuing to study without giving up until I do understand them is still useful today.
などN4
Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.
数学や外国語、歴史、理科など、さまざまなジャンル、要するに別角度からのアプローチを経て、この三つの力を養うのが勉強の本質なのです。
The essence of studying is to cultivate these three abilities through various fields such as mathematics, foreign languages, history, and science—in other words, through approaches from different angles.
なければならないN4
Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.
社会に貢献し、人類が進歩するための貴重な一助となるためにこそ、能力を高めなければならない、とそこまで言ってやると、子どもの目は断然と輝き始めます。
If you go so far as to tell children that they must develop these abilities precisely so that they can contribute to society and become a valuable force for human progress, their eyes will surely begin to light up.
てやるN4
Marks doing an action as a favor for someone (often a subordinate, child, or animal) or, emphatically, as the speaker's defiant resolve — 'do (for someone)' / 'I'll show them, I'll do it'.
社会に貢献し、人類が進歩するための貴重な一助となるためにこそ、能力を高めなければならない、とそこまで言ってやると、子どもの目は断然と輝き始めます。
If you go so far as to tell children that they must develop these abilities precisely so that they can contribute to society and become a valuable force for human progress, their eyes will surely begin to light up.
てもN4
Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.
そんな社会で生きるために大事なことは、わからなくても簡単にあきらめないことだ。
What matters when living in such a society is not giving up easily even when you do not understand something.
たらN4
Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').
わからないからこそ勉強するのであって、初めからわかっていたら勉強しようという気も起きない。
We study precisely because we do not understand; if we understood everything from the beginning, we would not even feel like studying.
〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4
Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.
社会人になった今では数学も歴史も、習ったそのままの知識は忘れ去ってしまったが日常生活には特に困ってはいない。
Now that I am a working adult, I have forgotten the mathematics and history knowledge in the form in which I learned it, but this causes no particular difficulty in everyday life.
ようになるN4
Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".
しかし、わからないことにチャレンジし、わかるようになるまであきらめずに勉強するという姿勢は、今も役に立っている。
However, the attitude of taking on things I do not understand and continuing to study without giving up until I do understand them is still useful today.
だ / ですN52 times in this passage
The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.
将来、有効となる能力とは、「理解力」「想像力」「表現力」の三つです。
The abilities that will be useful in the future are threefold: “comprehension,” “imagination,” and “expression.”
〜ているN54 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
あるいは、子どもが成長して、大きな困難にぶつかったとしても、この能力が養われていれば、上手に克服することができます。
Even if a child grows up and encounters major difficulties, these abilities, if cultivated, will enable them to overcome those difficulties successfully.
〜ことができるN5
States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.
あるいは、子どもが成長して、大きな困難にぶつかったとしても、この能力が養われていれば、上手に克服することができます。
Even if a child grows up and encounters major difficulties, these abilities, if cultivated, will enable them to overcome those difficulties successfully.
じゃない・ではないN5
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
さらに、この能力は、小金を稼ぐためにのみ役立てるべきではありません。
Furthermore, these abilities should not be used merely to earn a little money.
までN52 times in this passage
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
社会に貢献し、人類が進歩するための貴重な一助となるためにこそ、能力を高めなければならない、とそこまで言ってやると、子どもの目は断然と輝き始めます。
If you go so far as to tell children that they must develop these abilities precisely so that they can contribute to society and become a valuable force for human progress, their eyes will surely begin to light up.
前に（まえに）N5
Marks that something happens before an action or in front of a place — "before (doing) / in front of."
実は、この能力を養うために人は社会に出る前に勉強をしているのだ。
In fact, people study before entering society in order to develop this very ability.
のでN5
Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.
わからないからこそ勉強するのであって、初めからわかっていたら勉強しようという気も起きない。
We study precisely because we do not understand; if we understood everything from the beginning, we would not even feel like studying.
しかしN5
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし、わからないことにチャレンジし、わかるようになるまであきらめずに勉強するという姿勢は、今も役に立っている。
However, the attitude of taking on things I do not understand and continuing to study without giving up until I do understand them is still useful today.
一番（いちばん）N5
Marks the superlative, singling out the top item in a group — "the most / the best / number one".
（注3）本質：ここでは、いちばん大切なこと
(Note 3) 本質: here, the most important thing
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