• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• 好きすき
  • ·liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite
  • ·liking (romantically); being in love with; beloved
  • ·faddism; eccentricity
  • ·as one likes; as it suits one
  • ·lecherous; lustful; salacious
  N5
• 本ほん
  • ·book; volume; script
  • ·this; present; current; ... in question; ... at issue
  • ·main; head; principal
  • ·real; genuine; regular; proper
  • ·counter for long, thin objects (sticks, tubes, strings, bottles, pillars, rivers, rail lines, etc.)
  • ·counter for films, TV shows, etc.
  • ·counter for telephone calls, letters, and emails
  • ·counter for goals, home runs, etc.
  • ·counter for rounds or points (in judo, kendo, etc.)
  N5
• 並べるならべるAs it appears here: 並べて
  • ·to line up; to set up; to arrange in a line
  • ·to enumerate; to itemize
  • ·to be equal (to); to compare well (with); to be as good (as)
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• もつAs it appears here: もって
  • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
  • ·to possess; to have; to own
  • ·to maintain; to keep
  • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
  • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
  • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
  • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
  N5
• 買うかうAs it appears here: 買わない
  • ·to buy; to purchase
  • ·to value (highly); to think highly of; to have a high opinion of; to appreciate; to recognize
  • ·to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers); to invite (e.g. scorn); to evoke; to arouse; to win (someone's favour)
  • ·to accept; to take on; to take up
  • ·to pay for (a prostitute, geisha, etc.)
  N5
• 置くおくAs it appears here: 置いて
  • ·to put; to place
  • ·to leave (behind)
  • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
  • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
  • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
  • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
  • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
  • ·to separate spatially or temporally
  • ·to do something in advance
  • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
  N5
• 面白いおもしろい
  • ·interesting; fascinating; intriguing; enthralling
  • ·amusing; funny; comical
  • ·enjoyable; fun; entertaining; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·good; satisfactory; favourable; desirable; encouraging
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 足あし
  • ·foot; paw; arm (of an octopus, squid, etc.)
  • ·leg
  • ·gait
  • ·pace
  • ·lower radical of a kanji
  • ·means of transportation; (one's) ride
  • ·money; coin
  N5
• 買うかうAs it appears here: 買って
  • ·to buy; to purchase
  • ·to value (highly); to think highly of; to have a high opinion of; to appreciate; to recognize
  • ·to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers); to invite (e.g. scorn); to evoke; to arouse; to win (someone's favour)
  • ·to accept; to take on; to take up
  • ·to pay for (a prostitute, geisha, etc.)
  N5
• ゼロぜろ
  • ·zero; 0; nought; nil
  • ·nothing; zilch
  N5
• 店みせ
  • ·store; shop; establishment; restaurant
  N5
• するAs it appears here: せ
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• つくるAs it appears here: つくって
  • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
  • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
  • ·to till
  • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  • ·to have (a child)
  • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
  • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  • ·to form (a line, etc.)
  • ·to set (a record)
  • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 死ぬしぬAs it appears here: 死なない
  • ·to die; to pass away
  • ·to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to look dead
  • ·to cease; to stop
  N5
• 客きゃく
  • ·guest; visitor
  • ·customer; client; shopper; spectator; audience; tourist; sightseer; passenger
  • ·counter for containers used to entertain guests
  N4
• 思うおもう
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 運ぶはこぶAs it appears here: 運び
  • ·to carry; to transport; to move; to convey
  • ·to come; to go
  • ·to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
  • ·to carry out; to proceed with; to arrange
  • ·to go (well, etc.); to proceed; to progress
  N4
• 別べつ
  • ·distinction; difference; discrimination
  • ·separate; different; another; extra
  • ·exception; exclusion
  • ·classified by; ranked by; according to
  N4
• 棚たな
  • ·shelf; ledge; rack
  • ·trellis
  N4
• とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• すでに
  • ·already
  • ·previously; before
  • ·undeniably; unmistakably; in the first place
  N3
• 売れるうれるAs it appears here: 売れない
  • ·to sell (well)
  • ·to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
  N3
• 期待きたい
  • ·expectation; anticipation; hope
  • ·promising; rising; up-and-coming
  N3
• 数字すうじ
  • ·numeral; digit; numeric character
  • ·figure; number
  • ·a few characters
  N3
• 貢献こうけん
  • ·contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
  • ·paying tribute; tribute
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 考慮こうりょ
  • ·consideration; taking into account
  N3
• 魅力みりょく
  • ·charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal
  N3
• 冊さつ
  • ·counter for books
  • ·volume
  N1

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• すでにN3

  Adverb stating an action is 'already' done or a situation already holds.

  だが、その本はすでにもっているからもう買わない。

  However, since they already own those books, they will not buy them again.

• ずにN3

  Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.

  数字上は売上ゼロ冊の本がこうして店の売上げに貢献していることを考慮せずに棚をつくっていけば、本屋は魅力のない空間になってしまう。

  If shelves are arranged without taking into account that books whose recorded sales are zero can still contribute to the store's overall sales in this way, the bookstore will become an unattractive space.

• によって/によるN3

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  （石橋毅史『「本屋」は死なない』による）

  (Based on Ishibashi Takeshi, “Bookstores Will Not Die”)

• ときN4

  Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

  客は、自分が好きな本を並べている本屋にであったとき、いい本屋だと思う。

  When customers come across a bookstore that displays books they like, they think it is a good bookstore.

• と思う（とおもう）N4

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  客は、自分が好きな本を並べている本屋にであったとき、いい本屋だと思う。

  When customers come across a bookstore that displays books they like, they think it is a good bookstore.

• 〜てくれるN4

  Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

  だからその本は売れないのだが、客は自分の好きな本を置いてくれているその本屋に、他にも面白い本があるだろうと期待して何度も足を運び、別の本を買ってゆく。

  Thus, although those books themselves do not sell, customers expect that a bookstore willing to stock books they like will probably have other interesting books too, so they return again and again and buy different books.

• 〜ていくN4

  Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

  数字上は売上ゼロ冊の本がこうして店の売上げに貢献していることを考慮せずに棚をつくっていけば、本屋は魅力のない空間になってしまう。

  If shelves are arranged without taking into account that books whose recorded sales are zero can still contribute to the store's overall sales in this way, the bookstore will become an unattractive space.

• 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

  Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

  数字上は売上ゼロ冊の本がこうして店の売上げに貢献していることを考慮せずに棚をつくっていけば、本屋は魅力のない空間になってしまう。

  If shelves are arranged without taking into account that books whose recorded sales are zero can still contribute to the store's overall sales in this way, the bookstore will become an unattractive space.

• 〜ているN54 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  客は、自分が好きな本を並べている本屋にであったとき、いい本屋だと思う。

  When customers come across a bookstore that displays books they like, they think it is a good bookstore.

• もうN5

  The adverb "already" (with an affirmative), or "(not) anymore / any longer" (with a negative).

  だが、その本はすでにもっているからもう買わない。

  However, since they already own those books, they will not buy them again.

• がありますN5

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  だからその本は売れないのだが、客は自分の好きな本を置いてくれているその本屋に、他にも面白い本があるだろうと期待して何度も足を運び、別の本を買ってゆく。

  Thus, although those books themselves do not sell, customers expect that a bookstore willing to stock books they like will probably have other interesting books too, so they return again and again and buy different books.

• だろうN5

  Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

  だからその本は売れないのだが、客は自分の好きな本を置いてくれているその本屋に、他にも面白い本があるだろうと期待して何度も足を運び、別の本を買ってゆく。

  Thus, although those books themselves do not sell, customers expect that a bookstore willing to stock books they like will probably have other interesting books too, so they return again and again and buy different books.