• なぜ
  • ·why; how; for what reason
  N5
• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• それ
  • ·that; it
  • ·then; that point (in time); that time
  • ·there
  • ·you
  N5
• 同じおなじ
  • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
  • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あり
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• いうAs it appears here: いいます
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• 風呂ふろ
  • ·bath; bathing; bathtub; bathroom
  • ·bathhouse; public bath
  • ·room for drying lacquerware
  • ·base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
  N5
• 熱いあつい
  • ·hot (to the touch)
  • ·passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. gaze)
  • ·hot (e.g. temper)
  • ·zealous; enthusiastic; fired up
  • ·intense; severe; extreme
  • ·hot (topic); of interest
  N5
• つけるAs it appears here: つけた
  • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
  • ·to furnish (a house with)
  • ·to wear; to put on
  • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
  • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
  • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
  • ·to bring alongside
  • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
  • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
  • ·to load; to give (courage to)
  • ·to keep (an eye on)
  • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
  • ·to turn on (a light)
  • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
  • ·to attach; to play an attachment
  • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
  • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しない
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• よいAs it appears here: よく
  • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
  • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
  • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
  • ·easy to ...
  N5
• 言ういうAs it appears here: 言えば
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• 悪いわるいAs it appears here: 悪く
  • ·bad; poor; undesirable
  • ·poor (quality); inferior; insufficient
  • ·evil; sinful
  • ·ugly; not beautiful
  • ·at fault; to blame; in the wrong
  • ·bad (at doing something)
  • ·unprofitable; unbeneficial
  • ·sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• 新しいあたらしい
  • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なります
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• モノもの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• 手て
  • ·hand; arm
  • ·forepaw; foreleg
  • ·handle
  • ·hand; worker; help
  • ·trouble; care; effort
  • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
  • ·hand; handwriting
  • ·kind; type; sort
  • ·one's hands; one's possession
  • ·ability to cope
  • ·hand (of cards)
  • ·direction
  • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
  N5
• 入れるいれるAs it appears here: 入れて
  • ·to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)
  • ·to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire
  • ·to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to
  • ·to include
  • ·to pay (one's rent, etc.)
  • ·to cast (a vote)
  • ·to make (tea, coffee, etc.)
  • ·to turn on (a switch, etc.)
  • ·to send (a fax); to call
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なりません
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: されます
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• 家いえ
  • ·house; residence; dwelling; home
  • ·family; household
  • ·lineage; family name
  N5
• するAs it appears here: した
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞き
  • ·to hear
  • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
  • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
  • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
  • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
  • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
  • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
  • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
  N5
• 言葉ことば
  • ·language; dialect
  • ·word; phrase; expression; term
  • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
  • ·words; remark; statement; comment
  • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
  N5
• 音楽おんがく
  • ·music
  N5
• 初めてはじめて
  • ·for the first time
  • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
  • ·first time; (one's) first
  N5
• 外国がいこく
  • ·foreign country
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なり
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 細かいこまかい
  • ·small
  • ·fine; minute
  • ·minor; trivial
  • ·sensitive; attentive
  • ·careful; frugal; stingy
  N4
• 受けるうけるAs it appears here: 受け
  • ·to receive; to get
  • ·to catch (e.g. a ball)
  • ·to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
  • ·to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
  • ·to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
  • ·to be given (e.g. life, talent)
  • ·to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)
  • ·to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
  • ·to face (south, etc.)
  • ·to be modified by
  • ·to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
  • ·to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
  N4
• 場合ばあい
  • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
  N4
• 湯ゆ
  • ·hot water
  • ·hot bath; hot spring
  • ·molten iron
  N4
• うち
  • ·inside; within
  • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
  • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
  • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
  • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
  • ·we; our company; our organization
  • ·one's home; one's family
  • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
  • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
  • ·I; me
  • ·imperial palace grounds
  • ·emperor
  N4
• 慣れるなれるAs it appears here: 慣れて
  • ·to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become familiar with
  • ·to become skilled in; to become experienced at
  • ·to become tame; to become domesticated
  • ·to get used to doing
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 変わるかわるAs it appears here: 変わった
  • ·to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
  • ·to move to
  • ·to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual
  N4
• 珍しいめずらしい
  • ·rare; uncommon; unusual; curious
  • ·new; novel
  • ·fine; nice; splendid; precious
  N4
• 場所ばしょ
  • ·place; location; spot; position; area
  • ·room; space
  • ·sumo tournament
  N4
• 近所きんじょ
  • ·neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
  N4
• それほど
  • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
  N4
• 遠くとおく
  • ·far away; distant place; a (great) distance; a long way off; afar
  • ·long ago; far back; far (into the future)
  • ·by far
  N4
• なれるAs it appears here: なれない
  • ·to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become familiar with
  • ·to become skilled in; to become experienced at
  • ·to become tame; to become domesticated
  • ·to get used to doing
  N4
• 味あじ
  • ·flavor; flavour; taste
  • ·charm; appeal; uniqueness; attractiveness
  • ·experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
  • ·smart; clever; witty; strange
  • ·aji; (expl.) position that has some lingering potential that may be exploited later in the game
  N4
• 国際こくさい
  • ·international
  • ·diplomatic intercourse
  N4
• 観光かんこう
  • ·sightseeing; tourism
  N3
• 条件じょうけん
  • ·condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
  N3
• 述べるのべる
  • ·to state; to express; to say; to tell; to mention
  N3
• 変化へんか
  • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
  • ·variety; diversity
  • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
  • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
  N3
• 求めるもとめる
  • ·to want; to wish for
  • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
  • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
  • ·to purchase; to buy
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 感覚かんかく
  • ·sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
  N3
• 刺激しげき
  • ·stimulus; stimulation; irritation (esp. of the body, e.g. skin, eyes)
  • ·impetus; impulse; stimulus; spur; incentive; encouragement; stimulation; motivation; provocation
  • ·excitement; thrill
  N3
• 性せい
  • ·nature (of a person)
  • ·sex; gender
  • ·sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.)
  • ·gender
  • ·-ty; -ity; -ness; -cy
  N3
• 温度おんど
  • ·temperature
  N3
• 同様どうよう
  • ·same; similar; (just) like; equal
  N3
• 飽きるあきるAs it appears here: 飽きて
  • ·to get tired of; to tire of; to lose interest in; to grow weary of; to get fed up with; to get sick of; to become bored with
  • ·to become sated; to become satiated; to have one's fill
  N3
• そこで
  • ·so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
  N3
• 新たあらた
  • ·new; fresh; novel
  N3
• つまり
  • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
  • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
  • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
  • ·shrinkage
  • ·end; conclusion
  • ·dead end; corner
  • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
  N3
• 日常にちじょう
  • ·everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
  N3
• 存在そんざい
  • ·existence; being; presence
  N3
• 感動かんどう
  • ·being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
  N3
• コトこと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• すなわち
  • ·that is (to say); namely; i.e.
  • ·precisely; exactly; just; nothing but; neither more nor less
  • ·(and) then
  N3
• 離れるはなれるAs it appears here: 離れた
  • ·to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
  • ·to leave; to go away
  • ·to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
  • ·to lose connection with; to drift away from
  N3
• 移動いどう
  • ·movement; transfer; migration; removal; travel
  • ·mobile; moving; traveling; travelling; roving
  N3
• 程度ていど
  • ·degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about; approximately
  N3
• 得るえるAs it appears here: 得られません
  • ·to be able to ...; can ...
  • ·to get; to acquire; to obtain; to procure; to earn; to win; to gain; to secure; to attain
  N3
• 離れるはなれるAs it appears here: 離れれば
  • ·to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
  • ·to leave; to go away
  • ·to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
  • ·to lose connection with; to drift away from
  N3
• 離れるはなれる
  • ·to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
  • ·to leave; to go away
  • ·to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
  • ·to lose connection with; to drift away from
  N3
• 自然しぜん
  • ·nature
  • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
  • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
  N3
• 風景ふうけい
  • ·scenery; scene; landscape; view; sight
  • ·scene (e.g. of a crime)
  N3
• 香りかおり
  • ·aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
  N3
• とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• 除くのぞく
  • ·to remove; to get rid of; to take away; to eliminate
  • ·to exclude; to except; to leave out; to omit
  • ·to kill (a traitor, opponent, etc.)
  N3
• 周囲しゅうい
  • ·surroundings; environs
  • ·circumference
  N3
• すべて
  • ·everything; all; the whole
  • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
  N3
• 状態じょうたい
  • ·state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
  N3
• 学ぶまなぶ
  • ·to learn; to study; to take lessons in
  N3
• こだわるAs it appears here: こだわらないで
  • ·to be obsessive (about); to be overly concerned (with); to fuss (over); to worry too much (about); to be picky (about); to be hung up (on); to stick to
  • ·to be particular (about); to pay special attention (to); to be fastidious (about); to insist (on); to be uncompromising
  • ·to get stuck; to be obstructed
  N1
• 大胆だいたん
  • ·bold; daring; audacious
  N1
• 明瞭めいりょう
  • ·clear; plain; distinct; obvious; evident; articulate
  N1
• 弱まるよわまるAs it appears here: 弱まります
  • ·to abate; to weaken; to be emaciated; to be dejected; to be perplexed
  N1
• 著しいいちじるしい
  • ·striking; remarkable; considerable
  N1
• 日々ひび
  • ·daily; everyday
  • ·days (e.g. of one's youth)
  • ·every day; day after day; day by day; from day to day
  N1
• 体験たいけん
  • ·(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
  N1
• 一部分いちぶぶん
  • ·one part; one portion; one section
  N1
• 達成たっせい
  • ·achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization
  N1
• 現われるあらわれるAs it appears here: 現われて
  • ·to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
  • ·to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
  N1
• 編へん
  • ·compilation (of a text); editing
  • ·volume (of a text)
  • ·completed literary work
  N1

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• のでしょうかN3

  Softens a question to ask for the reason or explanation behind something — 'I wonder why...', 'could it be that...'.

  私たちはなぜ観光をしたくなるのでしょうか。

  Why do we feel like going sightseeing?

• ということだN3

  Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

  細かい条件にこだわらないで大胆に述べるならば、それは「変化」を求めるということです。

  To put it boldly without dwelling on detailed conditions, it is because we seek “change.”

• といい／たらいいN3

  Expresses a hope or gentle suggestion — "it'd be good if", "you should", "I hope ~".

  著しい場合には刺激の感覚が消失することもあり、こうしたことを感覚の順応といいます。

  In pronounced cases, the sensation of the stimulus may even disappear; this phenomenon is called sensory adaptation.

• うちにN3

  Do something within a window, before the current state changes — 'while / before (it becomes otherwise)'.

  風呂の湯の熱い温度や腕時計をつけた時の違和感など、初めは鮮明な感覚であっても数分もしないうちに減衰してしまいます。

  For example, even sensations that are vivid at first, such as the heat of bathwater or the awkward feeling of putting on a wristwatch, fade within just a few minutes.

• についてN3

  Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.

  同様のことが日々の体験についてもいえるでしょう。

  The same can probably be said of our everyday experiences.

• つまりN3

  Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

  そこで人は新たな刺激、つまり日常に存在しない感覚や感動を求めるのです。

  People therefore seek new stimuli—that is, sensations and emotions absent from everyday life.

• そのためにN3

  Connective linking a preceding cause or purpose to what follows, 'for that reason / in order to do that'.

  そのために新しい刺激をもたらすための「変化」が必要になります。

  To obtain those new stimuli, we need “change” that will bring them about.

• ためにN32 times in this passage

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  そのために新しい刺激をもたらすための「変化」が必要になります。

  To obtain those new stimuli, we need “change” that will bring them about.

• すなわちN3

  Conjunction restating or clarifying the preceding statement, 'namely / that is / in other words'.

  より劇的な「変化」を求めるには自らが「変化」の中へ入る、すなわち日常と離れた場所へ移動することでそれは達成されます。

  To seek more dramatic “change,” we must enter into that “change” ourselves; in other words, it is achieved by traveling to a place removed from everyday life.

• によって/によるN3

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  （堀川紀年・石川雄二・前田弘編『国際観光学を学ぶ人のために』による）

  (From Horikawa Noritoshi, Ishikawa Yuji, and Maeda Hiroshi, eds., “For Students of International Tourism”)

• ないでN4

  Negative te-form that links a clause — "without doing ~", or a soft "don't ~".

  細かい条件にこだわらないで大胆に述べるならば、それは「変化」を求めるということです。

  To put it boldly without dwelling on detailed conditions, it is because we seek “change.”

• 続ける（つづける）N4

  Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

  私たちの感覚は同じ刺激を受け続けていると、その強さ、性質、明瞭性などはしだいに弱まります。

  When our senses continue to receive the same stimulus, its intensity, character, clarity, and so on gradually diminish.

• 〜さN4

  Suffix that turns an adjective into a noun naming its degree or quality — '-ness' (e.g. 高さ 'height', 重さ 'weight').

  私たちの感覚は同じ刺激を受け続けていると、その強さ、性質、明瞭性などはしだいに弱まります。

  When our senses continue to receive the same stimulus, its intensity, character, clarity, and so on gradually diminish.

• などN43 times in this passage

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  私たちの感覚は同じ刺激を受け続けていると、その強さ、性質、明瞭性などはしだいに弱まります。

  When our senses continue to receive the same stimulus, its intensity, character, clarity, and so on gradually diminish.

• 場合は（ばあいは）N4

  States the situation or condition under which something applies — 'in the case of; in the event that; if'.

  著しい場合には刺激の感覚が消失することもあり、こうしたことを感覚の順応といいます。

  In pronounced cases, the sensation of the stimulus may even disappear; this phenomenon is called sensory adaptation.

• てもN42 times in this passage

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  風呂の湯の熱い温度や腕時計をつけた時の違和感など、初めは鮮明な感覚であっても数分もしないうちに減衰してしまいます。

  For example, even sensations that are vivid at first, such as the heat of bathwater or the awkward feeling of putting on a wristwatch, fade within just a few minutes.

• 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

  Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

  風呂の湯の熱い温度や腕時計をつけた時の違和感など、初めは鮮明な感覚であっても数分もしないうちに減衰してしまいます。

  For example, even sensations that are vivid at first, such as the heat of bathwater or the awkward feeling of putting on a wristwatch, fade within just a few minutes.

• 〜てくるN43 times in this passage

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  （中略）よく言えば慣れてくる、悪く言えば飽きてくるのです。

  (Omitted) Put positively, we get used to things; put negatively, we get bored with them.

• が必要（がひつよう）N4

  Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

  そのために新しい刺激をもたらすための「変化」が必要になります。

  To obtain those new stimuli, we need “change” that will bring them about.

• 〜ていたN4

  The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

  変わった珍しいコトやモノを手に入れても、日常生活がベースになっていたのでは「変化」は日常の一部分にしかなりません。

  Even if we acquire unusual and novel experiences or things, if everyday life remains the base, the “change” becomes merely one part of that everyday life.

• よりN4

  Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

  より劇的な「変化」を求めるには自らが「変化」の中へ入る、すなわち日常と離れた場所へ移動することでそれは達成されます。

  To seek more dramatic “change,” we must enter into that “change” ourselves; in other words, it is achieved by traveling to a place removed from everyday life.

• ときN4

  Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

  外国で異文化に接するとき、この「変化」は最大になり、自分自身を除く周囲のすべてが「変化」した状態となるのです。

  When we encounter another culture abroad, this “change” reaches its maximum, creating a state in which everything around us except ourselves has “changed.”

• 〜たいN5

  Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

  私たちはなぜ観光をしたくなるのでしょうか。

  Why do we feel like going sightseeing?

• だろうN5

  Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

  同様のことが日々の体験についてもいえるでしょう。

  The same can probably be said of our everyday experiences.

• だ / ですN54 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  （中略）よく言えば慣れてくる、悪く言えば飽きてくるのです。

  (Omitted) Put positively, we get used to things; put negatively, we get bored with them.

• のでN5

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  変わった珍しいコトやモノを手に入れても、日常生活がベースになっていたのでは「変化」は日常の一部分にしかなりません。

  Even if we acquire unusual and novel experiences or things, if everyday life remains the base, the “change” becomes merely one part of that everyday life.