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N2 · Upper intermediateShort passagePassage #558
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市し場じょう競きょう争そうは、誰だれにとっても厳きびしいものである。市し場じょうで生いき残のこるためには、市し場じょう競きょう争そうという規き律りつ付づけに従したがっていく必ひつ要ようがある。競きょう争そうが大だい好すきという人ひともいるかもしれないが、競きょう争そうさせられるのは嫌いやだ、という人ひとも多おおいだろう。競きょう争そうから逃のがれて、安あん心しんできる生せい活かつをしたいという人ひとも多おおいはずだ。それでも市し場じょう競きょう争そうという仕し組くみを私わたしたちが使つかっていくのは、市し場じょう競きょう争そうのメリットがデメリットよりも大おおきいからである。より豊ゆたかになれること、誰だれにでも豊ゆたかになるチャンスがあることが大おおきなメリットである。

（大おお竹たけ文ふみ雄お『競きょう争そうと公こう平へい感かん』による）

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  1. 1筆者の考えに合うのはどれか。

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Vocabulary1 words
  • 規律きりつ
    • ·order; observance; discipline
    • ·rules; law; regulations
    N2
Other levels30 words
  • 誰だれ
    • ·who
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 大好きだいすき
    • ·liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
    N5
  • 人ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させられる
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 嫌いや
    • ·disliking; not wanting; unwilling (to do); reluctant
    • ·unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; horrible; disgusting; undesirable; unwelcome
    • ·no!; quit it!; stop!
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したい
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使って
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 大きいおおきい
    • ·big; large; great
    • ·loud
    • ·extensive; spacious
    • ·important; decisive; valuable
    • ·older; grown-up
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 大きなおおきな
    • ·big; large; great
    N5
  • 競争きょうそう
    • ·competition; contest; rivalry; race
    • ·competition (between organisms or species)
    N4
  • 厳しいきびしい
    • ·severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless
    • ·hard (to do); difficult; tricky
    • ·intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather); inclement
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 安心あんしん
    • ·peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
    N4
  • 生活せいかつ
    • ·life; living
    • ·livelihood; (one's) living
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • なれる
    • ·to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become familiar with
    • ·to become skilled in; to become experienced at
    • ·to become tame; to become domesticated
    • ·to get used to doing
    N4
  • 従うしたがうAs it appears here: 従って
    • ·to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow; to observe; to conform to; to yield to
    • ·to follow (a person); to accompany; to go with
    • ·to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
    • ·to serve (as); to engage in (work)
    N3
  • それでも
    • ·but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
    N3
  • 豊かゆたか
    • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
    • ·open (mind); relaxed; easy
    • ·plump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
    • ·(well) over; (easily) in excess of
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 公平こうへい
    • ·fairness; impartiality; justice; objectivity
    N3
  • 逃れるのがれるAs it appears here: 逃れて
    • ·to escape
    N1
  • 仕組みしくみ
    • ·structure; construction; arrangement; contrivance; mechanism; workings
    • ·plan; plot; contrivance
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • にしたがってN2

    Expresses that one thing changes in step with another, or that an action follows a rule or instruction, 'in accordance with / as ~ progresses'.

    市場で生き残るためには、市場競争という規律付けに従っていく必要がある。

    In order to survive in the market, we need to follow the discipline imposed by market competition.

Other levels15 patterns
  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    市場競争は、誰にとっても厳しいものである。

    Market competition is harsh for everyone.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    市場で生き残るためには、市場競争という規律付けに従っていく必要がある。

    In order to survive in the market, we need to follow the discipline imposed by market competition.

  • というN35 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    市場で生き残るためには、市場競争という規律付けに従っていく必要がある。

    In order to survive in the market, we need to follow the discipline imposed by market competition.

  • よりもN3

    Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.

    それでも市場競争という仕組みを私たちが使っていくのは、市場競争のメリットがデメリットよりも大きいからである。

    Even so, we continue to use the mechanism of market competition because its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （大竹文雄『競争と公平感』による）

    (Based on Otake Fumio, “Competition and the Sense of Fairness”)

  • 必要がある（ひつようがある）N4

    States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.

    市場で生き残るためには、市場競争という規律付けに従っていく必要がある。

    In order to survive in the market, we need to follow the discipline imposed by market competition.

  • かもしれないN4

    Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

    競争が大好きという人もいるかもしれないが、競争させられるのは嫌だ、という人も多いだろう。

    Some people may love competition, but many others probably dislike being forced to compete.

  • させられるN4

    Causative-passive: to be made or forced to do something against one's will — 'be made to ~'.

    競争が大好きという人もいるかもしれないが、競争させられるのは嫌だ、という人も多いだろう。

    Some people may love competition, but many others probably dislike being forced to compete.

  • はずだN4

    Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

    競争から逃れて、安心できる生活をしたいという人も多いはずだ。

    There are probably also many people who want to escape competition and live a secure, peaceful life.

  • それでもN4

    Concessive conjunction — 'even so, nevertheless, still.'

    それでも市場競争という仕組みを私たちが使っていくのは、市場競争のメリットがデメリットよりも大きいからである。

    Even so, we continue to use the mechanism of market competition because its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    それでも市場競争という仕組みを私たちが使っていくのは、市場競争のメリットがデメリットよりも大きいからである。

    Even so, we continue to use the mechanism of market competition because its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    より豊かになれること、誰にでも豊かになるチャンスがあることが大きなメリットである。

    Major advantages are that people can become more prosperous and that everyone has a chance to become prosperous.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    競争が大好きという人もいるかもしれないが、競争させられるのは嫌だ、という人も多いだろう。

    Some people may love competition, but many others probably dislike being forced to compete.

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    競争から逃れて、安心できる生活をしたいという人も多いはずだ。

    There are probably also many people who want to escape competition and live a secure, peaceful life.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    より豊かになれること、誰にでも豊かになるチャンスがあることが大きなメリットである。

    Major advantages are that people can become more prosperous and that everyone has a chance to become prosperous.

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