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N2 · Upper intermediateShort passagePassage #554
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学がく習しゅう者しゃは真しん剣けんに外がい国こく語ごに取とり組くんでいるのに、どうしても間ま違ちがってしまう。間ま違ちがえるのは仕し方かたのないことだけれど、せっかく規き則そくを覚おぼえてそれを応おう用ようしたつもりなのに、「それは例れい外がい」とかいわれると、何なんだかやる気きがなくなってしまう。

このような誤ご用よう（注）をきちんと分ぶん析せきすれば、その成せい果かとしてすばらしい教きょう科か書しょができるはずだ。本ほん来らい教きょう科か書しょとはその対たい象しょうである学がく習しゅう者しゃのことをよく考かんがえ、難むずかしそうなところ、間ま違ちがえそうなところをきちんと分わかりやすく説せつ明めいする必ひつ要ようがあるのだ。

（黒くろ田だ龍りゅう之の助すけ『外がい国こく語ごの水すい曜よう日びー学がく習しゅうとしての言げん語ご学がく入にゅう門もん』による）

（注ちゅう）誤ご用よう：間ま違ちがえった使つかい方かた

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  1. 1外国語の教科書について、筆者はどのように述べているか。

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Vocabulary4 words
  • せっかく
    • ·with trouble; at great pains
    • ·rare; valuable; precious; long-awaited
    • ·kind; generous
    N2
  • 応用おうよう
    • ·(practical) application; putting to practical use
    • ·applied (e.g. physics, linguistics, research)
    N2
  • 例外れいがい
    • ·exception
    N2
  • 本来ほんらい
    • ·originally; primarily
    • ·essentially; intrinsically; naturally; by nature; in (and of) itself
    • ·proper; rightful; legal; normal
    N2
Other levels39 words
  • 覚えるおぼえるAs it appears here: 覚えて
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いわれる
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしいAs it appears here: 難し
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • 分かるわかるAs it appears here: 分かり
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 水曜日すいようび
    • ·Wednesday
    N5
  • 間違えるまちがえる
    • ·to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to do incorrectly
    • ·to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
    N4
  • 規則きそく
    • ·rule; regulation
    N4
  • つもり
    • ·intention; plan; purpose; expectation
    • ·belief; assumption; thought; conviction
    • ·estimate; estimation; calculation
    N4
  • なくなるAs it appears here: なくなって
    • ·to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
    • ·to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more
    • ·to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考え
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 間違えるまちがえるAs it appears here: 間違え
    • ·to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to get wrong; to do incorrectly
    • ·to mistake (one thing for another); to confuse
    N4
  • 説明せつめい
    • ·explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 真剣しんけん
    • ·serious; earnest
    • ·real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
    N3
  • どうしても
    • ·by all means; at any cost; no matter what; at any rate; surely
    • ·whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; willy-nilly
    • ·on no account; by no means
    • ·in the end; in the long run; after all; eventually
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 分析ぶんせき
    • ·analysis
    N3
  • すばらしい
    • ·wonderful; splendid; magnificent; amazing; superb
    • ·exceeding; incredible; remarkable; striking; immense
    N3
  • 教科書きょうかしょ
    • ·textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
    N3
  • 対象たいしょう
    • ·target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.); coverage
    N3
  • 学習がくしゅう
    • ·learning; study
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 取り組むとりくむAs it appears here: 取り組んで
    • ·to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to be matched against
    • ·to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on
    N1
  • 間違うまちがうAs it appears here: 間違って
    • ·to be mistaken; to be incorrect; to be wrong
    • ·to make a mistake (in); to do incorrectly; to get wrong
    • ·to mistake (one thing with another); to confuse
    N1
  • 何だかなんだか
    • ·(a) little; somewhat; somehow
    N1
  • 成果せいか
    • ·(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
    N1
  • やすいAs it appears here: やすく
    • ·easy
    • ·likely to ...; have a tendency to ...
    • ·easy to ...
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • せっかくN2

    marks that effort or a rare opportunity went into something, often with the sense it was wasted — 'go to the trouble of', 'specially'

    間違えるのは仕方のないことだけれど、せっかく規則を覚えてそれを応用したつもりなのに、「それは例外」とかいわれると、何だかやる気がなくなってしまう。

    Making mistakes is unavoidable, but after going to the trouble of learning a rule and thinking you have applied it correctly, being told, “That is an exception,” can make you lose motivation.

Other levels13 patterns
  • どうしてもN3

    Fixed adverb "no matter what / by all means"; with a negative predicate it means "(simply) cannot ... however hard one tries."

    学習者は真剣に外国語に取り組んでいるのに、どうしても間違ってしまう。

    Even when learners study a foreign language seriously, they inevitably make mistakes.

  • としてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    このような誤用をきちんと分析すれば、その成果としてすばらしい教科書ができるはずだ。

    If such errors are analyzed carefully, the results should make it possible to create excellent textbooks.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （黒田龍之助『外国語の水曜日ー学習としての言語学入門』による）

    (Based on Kuroda Ryunosuke, “Foreign-Language Wednesdays: An Introduction to Linguistics as Learning”)

  • 〜のにN42 times in this passage

    Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

    学習者は真剣に外国語に取り組んでいるのに、どうしても間違ってしまう。

    Even when learners study a foreign language seriously, they inevitably make mistakes.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    学習者は真剣に外国語に取り組んでいるのに、どうしても間違ってしまう。

    Even when learners study a foreign language seriously, they inevitably make mistakes.

  • とか～とかN4

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    間違えるのは仕方のないことだけれど、せっかく規則を覚えてそれを応用したつもりなのに、「それは例外」とかいわれると、何だかやる気がなくなってしまう。

    Making mistakes is unavoidable, but after going to the trouble of learning a rule and thinking you have applied it correctly, being told, “That is an exception,” can make you lose motivation.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    このような誤用をきちんと分析すれば、その成果としてすばらしい教科書ができるはずだ。

    If such errors are analyzed carefully, the results should make it possible to create excellent textbooks.

  • はずだN4

    Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

    このような誤用をきちんと分析すれば、その成果としてすばらしい教科書ができるはずだ。

    If such errors are analyzed carefully, the results should make it possible to create excellent textbooks.

  • やすいN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').

    本来教科書とはその対象である学習者のことをよく考え、難しそうなところ、間違えそうなところをきちんと分かりやすく説明する必要があるのだ。

    A textbook should, by its nature, give careful consideration to the learners it is intended for and clearly explain the points that seem difficult or are likely to cause mistakes.

  • 必要がある（ひつようがある）N4

    States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.

    本来教科書とはその対象である学習者のことをよく考え、難しそうなところ、間違えそうなところをきちんと分かりやすく説明する必要があるのだ。

    A textbook should, by its nature, give careful consideration to the learners it is intended for and clearly explain the points that seem difficult or are likely to cause mistakes.

  • 方（かた）N4

    Attaches to a verb's masu-stem to name the manner or method of doing it, "way of / how to".

    （注）誤用：間違えった使い方

    (Note) Misuse: an incorrect way of using something

  • けれどもN5

    More formal contrastive conjunction linking two clauses — "but / however / although."

    間違えるのは仕方のないことだけれど、せっかく規則を覚えてそれを応用したつもりなのに、「それは例外」とかいわれると、何だかやる気がなくなってしまう。

    Making mistakes is unavoidable, but after going to the trouble of learning a rule and thinking you have applied it correctly, being told, “That is an exception,” can make you lose motivation.

  • つもりN5

    Expresses the speaker's intention or plan — "intend to / plan to."

    間違えるのは仕方のないことだけれど、せっかく規則を覚えてそれを応用したつもりなのに、「それは例外」とかいわれると、何だかやる気がなくなってしまう。

    Making mistakes is unavoidable, but after going to the trouble of learning a rule and thinking you have applied it correctly, being told, “That is an exception,” can make you lose motivation.

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