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N2 · Upper intermediateShort passagePassage #537
2

犬いぬを家か族ぞく犬けんとして受うけ入いれた場ば合あい、飼かい主ぬしの一家いっかの最もっとも上じょう位いの人ひとがスーパー上じょう位いになって他たの家か族ぞくが順じゅん位いに従したがい、犬いぬの順じゅん位いが下したになるように順じゅん位いを明めい確かくにして安あん住じゅう（注）させます。この関かん係けいが安あん定ていしないと、犬いぬは順じゅん位い争あらそいをしたり、家か族ぞくに攻こう撃げきをしたりするようになって、家か族ぞくと犬いぬとの関かん係けいがうまくいかなくなります。したがって、飼かい主ぬしは常つねに犬いぬより上じょう位いであることを犬いぬに意い識しきさせて飼かうことが必ひつ要ようで、犬いぬも納なっ得とくして互たがいに楽たのしく暮くらせます。

（田た名な部べ雄ゆう一いち『人ひとと犬いぬのきずな―遺い伝でん子しからそのルーツを探さぐる』による）

（注ちゅう）安あん住じゅうする：ここでは、穏おだやかに過すごす

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1筆者によると、家族と犬がよい関係を保つにはどうすればよいか。

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Vocabulary1 words
  • 探るさぐる
    • ·to feel around for; to fumble for; to grope for; to search for; to look for
    • ·to investigate; to probe into; to spy on; to sound out
    • ·to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
    N2
Other levels41 words
  • 犬いぬ
    • ·dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine
    • ·squealer; rat; snitch; informer; informant; spy
    • ·loser; asshole
    • ·counterfeit; inferior; useless; wasteful
    N5
  • 家族かぞく
    • ·family
    N5
  • 人ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 下した
    • ·below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter)
    • ·bottom
    • ·beneath; underneath
    • ·just after; right after
    • ·inferiority; one's inferior (i.e. one's junior)
    • ·trade-in
    • ·preliminary; preparatory
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させます
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しない
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したり
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いくAs it appears here: いかなく
    • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
    • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
    • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
    • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
    • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
    • ·to stream; to flow
    • ·to die; to pass away
    • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
    • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
    • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
    • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
    • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なります
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしいAs it appears here: 楽しく
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • 関係かんけい
    • ·relation; relationship; connection
    • ·participation; involvement; concern
    • ·influence; effect
    • ·sexual relations; sexual relationship
    • ·related to; connected to
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 一家いっか
    • ·a family; a household; a home; one's family; whole family
    • ·(one's own) style; school
    • ·gang; (yakuza) family
    N3
  • 最ももっとも
    • ·most; extremely
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 明確めいかく
    • ·clear; precise; definite; distinct
    N3
  • 安定あんてい
    • ·stability; steadiness; consistency; equilibrium; balance; composure
    • ·stable
    N3
  • 攻撃こうげき
    • ·attack; assault; raid; onslaught; offensive
    • ·criticism; censure; denunciation; condemnation
    • ·cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
    N3
  • うまいAs it appears here: うまく
    • ·skillful; skilful; skilled; good; expert; clever (expression, trick, etc.); apt; appropriate
    • ·delicious; tasty; good; nice
    • ·good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable; promising; lucky; fortunate; successful; satisfactory; splendid
    N3
  • したがって
    • ·therefore; consequently; accordingly
    N3
  • 常につねに
    • ·always; constantly; at all times; habitually
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 意識いしき
    • ·consciousness
    • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
    • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
    N3
  • 飼うかう
    • ·to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
    N3
  • 納得なっとく
    • ·consent; agreement; acceptance
    • ·understanding; satisfaction (e.g. with an explanation); being convinced
    N3
  • 暮らせるくらせるAs it appears here: 暮らせます
    • ·to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along; to get by
    • ·to make a living; to earn a livelihood
    • ·to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing); to live; to get on (doing)
    • ·to do daily; to do all day long; to continue doing
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 穏やかおだやか
    • ·calm; quiet; gentle; peaceful; mild
    • ·moderate; reasonable; amicable
    N3
  • 過ごすすごす
    • ·to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
    • ·to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess
    • ·to take care of; to support
    • ·to overdo; to do too much
    • ·to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
    N3
  • 受け入れるうけいれるAs it appears here: 受け入れた
    • ·to accept; to receive; to agree
    N1
  • 上位じょうい
    • ·superior (in rank); top; ranking
    • ·higher order (e.g. byte)
    • ·host computer (of connected device)
    N1
  • 争いあらそい
    • ·fight; dispute; feud; conflict; struggle; strife; discord; argument; quarrel; controversy
    • ·competition; contest; rivalry
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • にしたがってN2

    Expresses that one thing changes in step with another, or that an action follows a rule or instruction, 'in accordance with / as ~ progresses'.

    犬を家族犬として受け入れた場合、飼い主の一家の最も上位の人がスーパー上位になって他の家族が順位に従い、犬の順位が下になるように順位を明確にして安住させます。

    When a dog is accepted into a household as a family dog, the highest-ranking member of the owner's family becomes the dominant leader, the other family members follow in rank, and the dog's rank is placed below theirs; making this hierarchy clear allows the dog to live peacefully.

Other levels7 patterns
  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    犬を家族犬として受け入れた場合、飼い主の一家の最も上位の人がスーパー上位になって他の家族が順位に従い、犬の順位が下になるように順位を明確にして安住させます。

    When a dog is accepted into a household as a family dog, the highest-ranking member of the owner's family becomes the dominant leader, the other family members follow in rank, and the dog's rank is placed below theirs; making this hierarchy clear allows the dog to live peacefully.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （田名部雄一『人と犬のきずな―遺伝子からそのルーツを探る』による）

    (Based on Tanabe Yuichi, “The Bond Between Humans and Dogs—Tracing Its Roots Through Genes”)

  • ようになるN4

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    この関係が安定しないと、犬は順位争いをしたり、家族に攻撃をしたりするようになって、家族と犬との関係がうまくいかなくなります。

    If this relationship is not stable, the dog may compete for rank or attack family members, causing the relationship between the family and the dog to deteriorate.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    したがって、飼い主は常に犬より上位であることを犬に意識させて飼うことが必要で、犬も納得して互いに楽しく暮らせます。

    Therefore, owners need to keep their dogs aware that they rank above them; once the dog accepts this as well, both sides can live happily together.

  • が必要（がひつよう）N4

    Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

    したがって、飼い主は常に犬より上位であることを犬に意識させて飼うことが必要で、犬も納得して互いに楽しく暮らせます。

    Therefore, owners need to keep their dogs aware that they rank above them; once the dog accepts this as well, both sides can live happily together.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    犬を家族犬として受け入れた場合、飼い主の一家の最も上位の人がスーパー上位になって他の家族が順位に従い、犬の順位が下になるように順位を明確にして安住させます。

    When a dog is accepted into a household as a family dog, the highest-ranking member of the owner's family becomes the dominant leader, the other family members follow in rank, and the dog's rank is placed below theirs; making this hierarchy clear allows the dog to live peacefully.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    この関係が安定しないと、犬は順位争いをしたり、家族に攻撃をしたりするようになって、家族と犬との関係がうまくいかなくなります。

    If this relationship is not stable, the dog may compete for rank or attack family members, causing the relationship between the family and the dog to deteriorate.

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