だの～だのN1
Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").
だが、好きな人とばかりつきあってビジネス生活を送ることははっきり言って不可能なのである。
However, frankly speaking, it is impossible to go through one’s working life associating only with people one likes.
もしくはN12 times in this passage
Formal conjunction linking two alternatives, 'or (else)'.
嫌い、もしくは考え方が合わない人は、自分とは違う発想をしているわけで、じっくり話を聞いてみると、面白い見方、魅力ある発見を教えてくれることがある。
People you dislike, or whose thinking does not agree with yours, naturally have ideas different from your own, and if you listen to them carefully, they may sometimes show you interesting perspectives or fascinating discoveries.
についてN3
Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.
以下は、読書の利点について書かれた文章である。
The following is a passage about the benefits of reading.
ずにN3
Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.
外の世界に触れずにいると、人はそれまで与えられてきたひとつの価値観を持ち、そこから脱出しようとしないことが多い。
When people remain without contact with the outside world, they often retain the one set of values they have been given up to that point and make no attempt to break free from it.
ようとしないN3
Says someone shows no intention of doing something or stubbornly won't do it — 'won't (even try to)…', 'refuses to…'.
外の世界に触れずにいると、人はそれまで与えられてきたひとつの価値観を持ち、そこから脱出しようとしないことが多い。
When people remain without contact with the outside world, they often retain the one set of values they have been given up to that point and make no attempt to break free from it.
によって/によるN3
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
少なくとも、自分の狭い体験のみによって価値観を築いていく。
At the very least, they build their values solely on their own limited experiences.
というN3
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
だが、読書をして教養を身につけることで、自分という一人の人間の経験や考えを中心にしながらも、それを絶対視せず、ものごとを相対化しつつ考えることが可能になる。
However, by reading and acquiring knowledge, while still taking one’s own experiences and thoughts as a starting point, it becomes possible not to regard them as absolute and instead to think about things in relative terms.
〜ながらもN3
Concessive connective stating that two conflicting facts hold at once; "although / even though".
だが、読書をして教養を身につけることで、自分という一人の人間の経験や考えを中心にしながらも、それを絶対視せず、ものごとを相対化しつつ考えることが可能になる。
However, by reading and acquiring knowledge, while still taking one’s own experiences and thoughts as a starting point, it becomes possible not to regard them as absolute and instead to think about things in relative terms.
たびにN3
every time the preceding action happens, the main clause also happens, 'each time / whenever ~'.
確かに、初めのうち、新たに本を読むたびに新しい価値観に触れ、自分の価値観がぐらついてくることがあるだろう。
Certainly, at first, each time you read a new book and encounter a new set of values, your own values may begin to waver.
ことがあるN32 times in this passage
After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.
確かに、初めのうち、新たに本を読むたびに新しい価値観に触れ、自分の価値観がぐらついてくることがあるだろう。
Certainly, at first, each time you read a new book and encounter a new set of values, your own values may begin to waver.
わけだN33 times in this passage
Presents a conclusion as the natural consequence of a stated reason — 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'so it means'.
読んだ本のすべてに感心し、自分の考えが曖昧になってくるわけだ。
You end up being impressed by every book you read, and your own ideas begin to grow vague.
すなわちN3
Conjunction restating or clarifying the preceding statement, 'namely / that is / in other words'.
すなわち、だんだんと自分の考えが明確になっていく。
In other words, your own ideas gradually become clearer.
的（てき）N3
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
そうなると、本を読む前の固定的な価値観とは異なってくる。
At that point, your values have become different from the fixed values you had before you began reading.
に対してN3
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
人に対して好き嫌いの感情を持つことは誰にもあることだ。
Everyone has feelings of liking or disliking other people.
ことはないN3
Tells someone there is no need to do something — 'there's no need to / you don't have to.'
それを否定することはない。
There is no need to deny that.
つまりN3
Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.
分析してみると、好きな人とはつまり話が合う人で、自分と考え方が似ているケースが多い。
If you analyze it, people you like are generally people you get along with in conversation, and in many cases they think in ways similar to you.
なんか/なんて/などN3
A particle that cites an example or downplays/dismisses it — "things like / such as / (of all things)".
そうすると、取材が終わったころには、「この人はいい人だ」と判断を変えてしまうのだから、人間の好悪の感情なんて実にいい加減なものだ。
By the end of the interview, I may have changed my judgment to, “This is a good person,” which shows just how unreliable human feelings of liking and disliking really are.
たものだN3
recalls a past habitual action with fondness or nostalgia, 'used to (do)'.
そうすると、取材が終わったころには、「この人はいい人だ」と判断を変えてしまうのだから、人間の好悪の感情なんて実にいい加減なものだ。
By the end of the interview, I may have changed my judgment to, “This is a good person,” which shows just how unreliable human feelings of liking and disliking really are.
〜てくるN47 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.
外の世界に触れずにいると、人はそれまで与えられてきたひとつの価値観を持ち、そこから脱出しようとしないことが多い。
When people remain without contact with the outside world, they often retain the one set of values they have been given up to that point and make no attempt to break free from it.
〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN44 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.
固定した価値観を持ってしまう。
They end up with a fixed set of values.
〜ていくN46 times in this passage
Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.
少なくとも、自分の狭い体験のみによって価値観を築いていく。
At the very least, they build their values solely on their own limited experiences.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
だが、多くの本を読むうち、そのような時期は過ぎていく。
However, as you read more and more books, that phase eventually passes.
ようになるN43 times in this passage
Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".
だんだんと特定の本に感化されるようになってくる。
Gradually, you begin to be influenced by certain books in particular.
ばかりN4
Limits or emphasizes a thing — 'only / nothing but' — or after a past-tense verb means 'just (finished) doing.'
だが、好きな人とばかりつきあってビジネス生活を送ることははっきり言って不可能なのである。
However, frankly speaking, it is impossible to go through one’s working life associating only with people one likes.
〜てみるN42 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.
分析してみると、好きな人とはつまり話が合う人で、自分と考え方が似ているケースが多い。
If you analyze it, people you like are generally people you get along with in conversation, and in many cases they think in ways similar to you.
〜てくれるN42 times in this passage
Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.
嫌い、もしくは考え方が合わない人は、自分とは違う発想をしているわけで、じっくり話を聞いてみると、面白い見方、魅力ある発見を教えてくれることがある。
People you dislike, or whose thinking does not agree with yours, naturally have ideas different from your own, and if you listen to them carefully, they may sometimes show you interesting perspectives or fascinating discoveries.
と思う（とおもう）N4
Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.
私自身、取材をしていて、最初は「感じ悪いな、こいつは」と思った人物が話をしていくうちに、「なるほど」といった情報を教えてくれたことがある。
In my own reporting, I have met people whom I initially thought, “What an unpleasant guy,” only for them to tell me things that made me think, “I see,” as our conversation went on.
頃（ころ / ごろ）N4
Suffix/noun marking an approximate point in time; 'around (the time of), about when, back when'.
そうすると、取材が終わったころには、「この人はいい人だ」と判断を変えてしまうのだから、人間の好悪の感情なんて実にいい加減なものだ。
By the end of the interview, I may have changed my judgment to, “This is a good person,” which shows just how unreliable human feelings of liking and disliking really are.
ときN4
Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."
初めての人に会ったときは好き嫌いの感情を抜きにすること。
When meeting someone for the first time, set aside feelings of liking or disliking them.
たらN4
Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').
素直に人を見て、話を聞いて、そして、面白い話を聞くことができたら相手に共感する。
Look at the person openly, listen to what they have to say, and if you hear something interesting, empathize with them.
てもN4
Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.
なんといっても仕事に役立つヒントをもらったわけだから、相手を尊敬するようになる。
After all, you have received a useful hint for your work from that person, so you come to respect them.
またはN4
Connects two alternatives in a choice, "A or B".
（注1）もしくは：または
(Note 1) もしくは: or
までN5
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
外の世界に触れずにいると、人はそれまで与えられてきたひとつの価値観を持ち、そこから脱出しようとしないことが多い。
When people remain without contact with the outside world, they often retain the one set of values they have been given up to that point and make no attempt to break free from it.
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
確かに、初めのうち、新たに本を読むたびに新しい価値観に触れ、自分の価値観がぐらついてくることがあるだろう。
Certainly, at first, each time you read a new book and encounter a new set of values, your own values may begin to waver.
そしてN53 times in this passage
Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.
そして、それに対立する本に反発を感じるようになってくる。
Then you begin to feel resistance toward books that take an opposing position.
だけN5
Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.
狭い自分の体験だけから判断するのではなく、反対意見も踏まえ、別の考え以下は、ある作家が書いた文章である。
Rather than judging only from one’s own limited experiences, one also takes opposing opinions into account, another way of thinking; the following is a passage written by an author.
のでN5
Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.
狭い自分の体験だけから判断するのではなく、反対意見も踏まえ、別の考え以下は、ある作家が書いた文章である。
Rather than judging only from one’s own limited experiences, one also takes opposing opinions into account, another way of thinking; the following is a passage written by an author.
〜ているN53 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
分析してみると、好きな人とはつまり話が合う人で、自分と考え方が似ているケースが多い。
If you analyze it, people you like are generally people you get along with in conversation, and in many cases they think in ways similar to you.
〜たことがあるN5
States that the speaker has had the experience of doing something at some point — “have done (before)”.
私自身、取材をしていて、最初は「感じ悪いな、こいつは」と思った人物が話をしていくうちに、「なるほど」といった情報を教えてくれたことがある。
In my own reporting, I have met people whom I initially thought, “What an unpleasant guy,” only for them to tell me things that made me think, “I see,” as our conversation went on.
にするN52 times in this passage
To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'
初めての人に会ったときは好き嫌いの感情を抜きにすること。
When meeting someone for the first time, set aside feelings of liking or disliking them.
〜ことができるN5
States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.
素直に人を見て、話を聞いて、そして、面白い話を聞くことができたら相手に共感する。
Look at the person openly, listen to what they have to say, and if you hear something interesting, empathize with them.
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