• かえる
  • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
  • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
  • ·to get home; to get to home plate
  N5
• 冬ふゆ
  • ·winter
  N5
• 暖かいあたたかいAs it appears here: 暖かくて
  • ·warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot
  • ·considerate; kind; genial
  • ·warm (of a colour); mellow
  • ·having enough money
  N5
• 春はる
  • ·spring; springtime
  • ·New Year
  • ·prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); heyday
  • ·adolescence; puberty
  • ·sexuality; sexual desire
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 海うみ
  • ·sea; ocean; waters
  N5
• 渡るわたるAs it appears here: 渡って
  • ·to cross over; to go across
  • ·to extend; to cover; to range; to span
  N5
• キロメートルきろめーとる
  • ·kilometer; kilometre
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なります
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• いるAs it appears here: い
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できます
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 年とし
  • ·year
  • ·age; years
  • ·past one's prime; old age
  N5
• はじめて
  • ·for the first time
  • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
  • ·first time; (one's) first
  N5
• 見るみるAs it appears here: 見た
  • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
  • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
  • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
  • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
  • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
  • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• いうAs it appears here: いわれて
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• 少ないすくない
  • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: ありませんでした
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• するAs it appears here: された
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• わかるAs it appears here: わかって
  • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
  • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
  • ·I know!; I think so too!
  N5
• まだ
  • ·still; as yet; only
  • ·(not) yet
  • ·more; (more) still
  • ·at least; comparatively; relatively
  • ·unfinished; incomplete; not yet done
  N5
• いるAs it appears here: いません
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• でるAs it appears here: でて
  • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
  • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
  • ·to move forward
  • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
  • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
  • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
  • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
  • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
  • ·to sell
  • ·to exceed; to go over
  • ·to stick out; to protrude
  • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
  • ·to be produced
  • ·to come from; to be derived from
  • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
  • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
  • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
  • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
  • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
  • ·to graduate
  • ·to ejaculate; to cum
  N5
• 季節きせつ
  • ·season; time of year
  N4
• 場所ばしょ
  • ·place; location; spot; position; area
  • ·room; space
  • ·sumo tournament
  N4
• 育てるそだてる
  • ·to raise; to rear; to bring up
  • ·to train; to teach; to educate
  • ·to promote the growth of; to nurture; to foster; to develop
  N4
• ふえる
  • ·to increase; to multiply
  N4
• つづける
  • ·to continue; to keep up; to keep on
  • ·to continue ...; to keep on ...
  N4
• 日ひ
  • ·day; days
  • ·sun; sunshine; sunlight
  • ·(the) day; daytime; daylight
  • ·date; deadline
  • ·(past) days; time (e.g. of one's childhood)
  • ·case (esp. unfortunate); event
  N4
• それほど
  • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
  N4
• 調べるしらべるAs it appears here: 調べて
  • ·to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search
  N4
• 原因げんいん
  • ·cause; origin; source
  N4
• おこる
  • ·to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper
  • ·to scold; to tell (someone) off
  N4
• 日記にっき
  • ·diary; journal
  N4
• 変化へんか
  • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
  • ·variety; diversity
  • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
  • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
  N3
• あわせるAs it appears here: あわせて
  • ·to match (rhythm, speed, etc.)
  • ·to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
  • ·to face; to be opposite (someone)
  • ·to compare; to check with
  • ·to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate)
  • ·to place together; to connect; to overlap
  • ·to mix; to combine
  • ·to put blade to blade; to fight
  N3
• くらす
  • ·to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along; to get by
  • ·to make a living; to earn a livelihood
  • ·to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing); to live; to get on (doing)
  • ·to do daily; to do all day long; to continue doing
  N3
• 時期じき
  • ·time; season; period; phase; stage
  N3
• えさ
  • ·(animal) feed; fodder; pet food
  • ·bait; lure; enticement
  N3
• 豊富ほうふ
  • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
  N3
• くらすAs it appears here: くらして
  • ·to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along; to get by
  • ·to make a living; to earn a livelihood
  • ·to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing); to live; to get on (doing)
  • ·to do daily; to do all day long; to continue doing
  N3
• たま
  • ·ball; sphere; globe; orb
  • ·bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; droplet
  • ·ball (in sports); pitch (e.g. in baseball)
  • ·pile (of noodles, etc.)
  • ·bullet
  • ·bulb (i.e. a light bulb)
  • ·lens (of glasses, etc.)
  • ·bead (of an abacus)
  • ·ball (i.e. a testicle)
  • ·gem; jewel (esp. spherical; sometimes used figuratively); pearl
  • ·female entertainer (e.g. a geisha)
  • ·person (when commenting on their nature); character
  • ·item, funds or person used as part of a plot
  • ·egg
  • ·okonomiyaki
  • ·coin
  • ·precious; beautiful; excellent
  N3
• 向けるむけるAs it appears here: 向けて
  • ·to turn (towards); to face; to point; to aim; to direct to
  • ·to head to; to go towards
  • ·to allot; to allocate
  • ·to send; to dispatch (e.g. a person)
  • ·to aim for; to pursue
  N3
• いのち
  • ·life; life force
  • ·lifetime; lifespan
  • ·most important thing; foundation; core
  • ·paired tattoos of the "life" kanji on the upper arms of a man and woman (indicating unwavering love)
  • ·fate; destiny; karma
  N3
• 地球ちきゅう
  • ·Earth; the globe
  N3
• 地域ちいき
  • ·area; region; district; locality
  N3
• 環境かんきょう
  • ·environment; surroundings; circumstances
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 観察かんさつ
  • ·observation; survey; watching
  N3
• 全体ぜんたい
  • ·whole; entirety
  • ·to begin with; in the first place
  • ·... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
  N3
• 予測よそく
  • ·prediction; estimation
  N3
• 報告ほうこく
  • ·report; information
  N3
• もと
  • ·origin; source; beginning
  • ·basis; base; foundation; root
  • ·cause
  • ·(raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock
  • ·(one's) side
  • ·capital; principal; cost price
  • ·root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
  • ·part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
  • ·first three lines of a waka
  • ·counter for plants or trees
  • ·counter for falcons (in falconry)
  N3
• 記録きろく
  • ·record; document; minutes; log; recording; putting on record; keeping a record (of); writing down
  • ·record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
  N3
• ところが
  • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
  N3
• 地方ちほう
  • ·district; region; area; locality
  • ·the country; countryside; the provinces; rural area
  • ·civilian society
  N3
• くるうAs it appears here: くるい
  • ·to go mad; to lose one's mind; to go crazy; to go insane
  • ·to get out of order; to go amiss; to malfunction; to become imprecise
  • ·to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through; to get mixed up
  • ·to go crazy (over someone or something); to get enthusiastic; to go wild
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 各地かくち
  • ·each place; every place; various places; all parts (of the country, world, etc.)
  N2
• 比較的ひかくてき
  • ·comparatively; relatively
  N2
• 日時にちじ
  • ·date and time (of a meeting, departure, etc.)
  • ·days and hours
  N2
• くずれるAs it appears here: くずれ
  • ·to collapse; to crumble
  • ·to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to become disorganized; to become untidy
  • ·to break down; to be thrown into disarray
  • ·to crash (stock market); to slump; to decline
  • ·to break money into small change
  • ·to turn bad (e.g. weather); to change for the worse; to deteriorate
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• 一気に（いっきに）N2

  An adverb meaning an action is done in one continuous effort — 'in one go; all at once; in one breath'.

  たまごを産んでひなを育てる繁殖期が近づくと、春になってえさとなる昆虫が一気にふえる日本へ向けて、いのちがけで海を渡ってきます。

  As the breeding season, when they lay eggs and raise their young, approaches, they risk their lives crossing the sea toward Japan, where the insects they feed on increase rapidly when spring arrives.

• にわたってN2

  an action or state spans an entire period, distance, or range — 'over; throughout; across; spanning'.

  そして、その変化を長期間にわたって観察をつづけることで、地球全体の気象の変化を予測する手がかりにもなるので、気象庁では、その年にはじめてツバメを見た日「ツバメの初見日」を、各地の観察者や研究者からの報告をもとに、記録をとっているのです。

  Moreover, because continuing to observe those changes over a long period can provide clues for predicting meteorological changes across the entire planet, the Japan Meteorological Agency records the “first swallow sighting date” of each year based on reports from observers and researchers around the country.

• をもとにN2

  Marks the source material or foundation something is created or judged from — "based on ~; on the basis of ~".

  そして、その変化を長期間にわたって観察をつづけることで、地球全体の気象の変化を予測する手がかりにもなるので、気象庁では、その年にはじめてツバメを見た日「ツバメの初見日」を、各地の観察者や研究者からの報告をもとに、記録をとっているのです。

  Moreover, because continuing to observe those changes over a long period can provide clues for predicting meteorological changes across the entire planet, the Japan Meteorological Agency records the “first swallow sighting date” of each year based on reports from observers and researchers around the country.

• というN3

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  ツバメが渡りの行動をおこすのは、日照時間にかかわりがあるといわれています。

  It is said that the onset of migratory behavior in swallows is related to the length of daylight.

• ことがあるN3

  After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.

  日照時間は年ごとの変化が比較的少ないので、日時がそれほどずれることがありませんでした。

  Since the length of daylight changes relatively little from year to year, the timing did not used to shift very much.

• ところがN3

  Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

  ところが長年蓄積された記録を調べてみると、近年、各地のツバメの初見日が早まってきていることがわかってきました。

  However, an examination of records accumulated over many years has revealed that, in recent years, the first swallow sighting dates in various places have been getting earlier.

• によって/によるN32 times in this passage

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  まだはっきりとつきとめられてはいませんが、地球温暖化によっておこる気象の変化で、オーストラリアや東南アジア地方の晴、雨天のバランスがくずれ、日照時間にまでくるいがでてきているのかもしれません。

  Although the cause has not yet been clearly identified, climatic changes caused by global warming may have disrupted the balance of sunny and rainy weather in Australia and Southeast Asia, perhaps even causing irregularities in the length of daylight.

• 〜てくるN45 times in this passage

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  たまごを産んでひなを育てる繁殖期が近づくと、春になってえさとなる昆虫が一気にふえる日本へ向けて、いのちがけで海を渡ってきます。

  As the breeding season, when they lay eggs and raise their young, approaches, they risk their lives crossing the sea toward Japan, where the insects they feed on increase rapidly when spring arrives.

• 〜ていたN4

  The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

  ツバメがいつ渡ってきたかで、ツバメがくらしていた地域や、渡りのルートの気象の変化や環境の変化をおしはかることができます。

  From when the swallows arrive, it is possible to infer changes in the weather and environment of the regions where they lived and along their migration routes.

• 〜てみるN4

  Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.

  ところが長年蓄積された記録を調べてみると、近年、各地のツバメの初見日が早まってきていることがわかってきました。

  However, an examination of records accumulated over many years has revealed that, in recent years, the first swallow sighting dates in various places have been getting earlier.

• かもしれないN4

  Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

  まだはっきりとつきとめられてはいませんが、地球温暖化によっておこる気象の変化で、オーストラリアや東南アジア地方の晴、雨天のバランスがくずれ、日照時間にまでくるいがでてきているのかもしれません。

  Although the cause has not yet been clearly identified, climatic changes caused by global warming may have disrupted the balance of sunny and rainy weather in Australia and Southeast Asia, perhaps even causing irregularities in the length of daylight.

• だ / ですN52 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  ツバメは季節の変化にあわせて、くらす場所をかえる渡り鳥です。

  Swallows are migratory birds that change where they live in accordance with the seasons.

• 〜ているN55 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  日本が冬の時期は、暖かくてえさの豊富なオーストラリアや東南アジアでくらしています。

  During winter in Japan, they live in Australia and Southeast Asia, where it is warm and food is plentiful.

• 〜ことができるN5

  States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

  ツバメがいつ渡ってきたかで、ツバメがくらしていた地域や、渡りのルートの気象の変化や環境の変化をおしはかることができます。

  From when the swallows arrive, it is possible to infer changes in the weather and environment of the regions where they lived and along their migration routes.

• そしてN5

  Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

  そして、その変化を長期間にわたって観察をつづけることで、地球全体の気象の変化を予測する手がかりにもなるので、気象庁では、その年にはじめてツバメを見た日「ツバメの初見日」を、各地の観察者や研究者からの報告をもとに、記録をとっているのです。

  Moreover, because continuing to observe those changes over a long period can provide clues for predicting meteorological changes across the entire planet, the Japan Meteorological Agency records the “first swallow sighting date” of each year based on reports from observers and researchers around the country.

• のでN52 times in this passage

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  そして、その変化を長期間にわたって観察をつづけることで、地球全体の気象の変化を予測する手がかりにもなるので、気象庁では、その年にはじめてツバメを見た日「ツバメの初見日」を、各地の観察者や研究者からの報告をもとに、記録をとっているのです。

  Moreover, because continuing to observe those changes over a long period can provide clues for predicting meteorological changes across the entire planet, the Japan Meteorological Agency records the “first swallow sighting date” of each year based on reports from observers and researchers around the country.

• がありますN5

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  ツバメが渡りの行動をおこすのは、日照時間にかかわりがあるといわれています。

  It is said that the onset of migratory behavior in swallows is related to the length of daylight.

• んですN5

  Explanatory ending that supplies a reason, context, or emphasis — 'the thing is…', 'it's that…'.

  日照時間は年ごとの変化が比較的少ないので、日時がそれほどずれることがありませんでした。

  Since the length of daylight changes relatively little from year to year, the timing did not used to shift very much.

• まだN5

  Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."

  まだはっきりとつきとめられてはいませんが、地球温暖化によっておこる気象の変化で、オーストラリアや東南アジア地方の晴、雨天のバランスがくずれ、日照時間にまでくるいがでてきているのかもしれません。

  Although the cause has not yet been clearly identified, climatic changes caused by global warming may have disrupted the balance of sunny and rainy weather in Australia and Southeast Asia, perhaps even causing irregularities in the length of daylight.

• までN5

  Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

  まだはっきりとつきとめられてはいませんが、地球温暖化によっておこる気象の変化で、オーストラリアや東南アジア地方の晴、雨天のバランスがくずれ、日照時間にまでくるいがでてきているのかもしれません。

  Although the cause has not yet been clearly identified, climatic changes caused by global warming may have disrupted the balance of sunny and rainy weather in Australia and Southeast Asia, perhaps even causing irregularities in the length of daylight.