Example sentences are translated by AI.
以外（いがい）N2
Marks everything except the named item — 'other than ~', 'apart from ~', 'besides ~'.
しかし、それだけでは不十分であり、所定の場所でのゴミの収集にかかる費用を消費者に負担させようという意見も出ているが、そうなればごみを所定以外の所に隠れて捨てるおそれも出てくる。
However, some argue that this is not enough and that consumers should also bear the cost of collecting garbage at designated locations; if that were done, however, there would also be a risk of people secretly dumping garbage elsewhere.
かねるN2
Expresses a (typically polite) inability or unwillingness to do something — 'cannot (bring oneself to),' 'be unable to.'
このような問題を解決せずに安易にこれを実行に移すのには賛成しかねる。
I cannot readily support putting this measure into practice without first resolving such problems.
ではないかN2
Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'
物が生産され、消費者が購入し、不要なものは廃棄されごみになるという循環を考えると、新しい製品を次々と作りだす生産者も、それに慣れ切ってしまった消費者も便利さに対する意識を変える必要があるのではないか。
Considering the cycle in which goods are produced, purchased by consumers, and then discarded as waste when no longer needed, perhaps both producers who keep creating new products and consumers who have grown completely accustomed to this must change their attitudes toward convenience.
例えば（たとえば）N3
Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
的（てき）N3
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
としてN3
Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
によって/によるN3
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
というN33 times in this passage
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
よりもN3
Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
一方だ（いっぽうだ）N3
Attached to a dictionary-form verb, signals a situation moving steadily in one direction and intensifying — 'keeps ~ing, more and more'.
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
ためにN3
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
家庭ごみを減量するため、現在、ゴミ袋を有料化し消費者が処理費用の一部を負担することになっている。
To reduce household waste, garbage bags are now sold for a fee, with consumers bearing part of the disposal costs.
ずにN3
Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.
このような問題を解決せずに安易にこれを実行に移すのには賛成しかねる。
I cannot readily support putting this measure into practice without first resolving such problems.
に慣れるN3
Expresses becoming accustomed to or getting used to something, 'to get used to'.
物が生産され、消費者が購入し、不要なものは廃棄されごみになるという循環を考えると、新しい製品を次々と作りだす生産者も、それに慣れ切ってしまった消費者も便利さに対する意識を変える必要があるのではないか。
Considering the cycle in which goods are produced, purchased by consumers, and then discarded as waste when no longer needed, perhaps both producers who keep creating new products and consumers who have grown completely accustomed to this must change their attitudes toward convenience.
に対してN3
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
物が生産され、消費者が購入し、不要なものは廃棄されごみになるという循環を考えると、新しい製品を次々と作りだす生産者も、それに慣れ切ってしまった消費者も便利さに対する意識を変える必要があるのではないか。
Considering the cycle in which goods are produced, purchased by consumers, and then discarded as waste when no longer needed, perhaps both producers who keep creating new products and consumers who have grown completely accustomed to this must change their attitudes toward convenience.
などN42 times in this passage
Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.
会社テレビや新聞などで年々深刻化するゴミ問題が取り上げられている。
On company television and in newspapers, the problem of garbage, which is becoming more serious year by year, is being discussed.
かもしれないN4
Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.
もし、自治体が家庭ごみ一個の収集につき○○円と有料化すればごみは減るかもしれない。
If local governments charged ○○ yen for each unit of household garbage collected, the amount of waste might decrease.
ようになるN42 times in this passage
Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".
ごみ自体の廃棄にもお金がかかるようになれば、誰もがごみを出す前に考えるようになるだろう。
If disposing of garbage itself cost money, people would probably think before throwing things away.
〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN42 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.
そうなれば消費者は不必要な包装を断り、使用可能な物まで捨ててしまうことも減少するのではないだろうか。
In that case, consumers would refuse unnecessary packaging, and the number of usable items being thrown away would probably decrease as well.
〜さN42 times in this passage
Suffix that turns an adjective into a noun naming its degree or quality — '-ness' (e.g. 高さ 'height', 重さ 'weight').
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
〜てくるN42 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
続ける（つづける）N4
Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
ことになるN4
Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'
家庭ごみを減量するため、現在、ゴミ袋を有料化し消費者が処理費用の一部を負担することになっている。
To reduce household waste, garbage bags are now sold for a fee, with consumers bearing part of the disposal costs.
だけでN4
'Just by / with only' — a single small condition alone is enough to produce the result.
しかし、それだけでは不十分であり、所定の場所でのゴミの収集にかかる費用を消費者に負担させようという意見も出ているが、そうなればごみを所定以外の所に隠れて捨てるおそれも出てくる。
However, some argue that this is not enough and that consumers should also bear the cost of collecting garbage at designated locations; if that were done, however, there would also be a risk of people secretly dumping garbage elsewhere.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
このような問題を解決せずに安易にこれを実行に移すのには賛成しかねる。
I cannot readily support putting this measure into practice without first resolving such problems.
〜のにN4
Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".
このような問題を解決せずに安易にこれを実行に移すのには賛成しかねる。
I cannot readily support putting this measure into practice without first resolving such problems.
必要がある（ひつようがある）N4
States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.
物が生産され、消費者が購入し、不要なものは廃棄されごみになるという循環を考えると、新しい製品を次々と作りだす生産者も、それに慣れ切ってしまった消費者も便利さに対する意識を変える必要があるのではないか。
Considering the cycle in which goods are produced, purchased by consumers, and then discarded as waste when no longer needed, perhaps both producers who keep creating new products and consumers who have grown completely accustomed to this must change their attitudes toward convenience.
〜ているN52 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
会社テレビや新聞などで年々深刻化するゴミ問題が取り上げられている。
On company television and in newspapers, the problem of garbage, which is becoming more serious year by year, is being discussed.
がありますN52 times in this passage
States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".
例えば一般的な家庭ごみとして、生ゴミのほかにも食品容器や商品などの過剰包装による廃棄物が多く見られるという報告がある。
For example, reports indicate that ordinary household waste includes, in addition to food waste, large amounts of waste from food containers and excessive product packaging.
〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage
Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.
最近では指定されたゴミ袋を買ってごみを捨てたり、客に買い物袋の持参を促したりする動きがあるが、ごみの量に変化は見られない。
Recently, measures have been introduced such as requiring people to buy designated garbage bags and encouraging customers to bring their own shopping bags, but no change has been seen in the amount of waste.
前に（まえに）N5
Marks that something happens before an action or in front of a place — "before (doing) / in front of."
ごみ自体の廃棄にもお金がかかるようになれば、誰もがごみを出す前に考えるようになるだろう。
If disposing of garbage itself cost money, people would probably think before throwing things away.
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
ごみ自体の廃棄にもお金がかかるようになれば、誰もがごみを出す前に考えるようになるだろう。
If disposing of garbage itself cost money, people would probably think before throwing things away.
までN5
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
そうなれば消費者は不必要な包装を断り、使用可能な物まで捨ててしまうことも減少するのではないだろうか。
In that case, consumers would refuse unnecessary packaging, and the number of usable items being thrown away would probably decrease as well.
じゃない・ではないN5
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
そうなれば消費者は不必要な包装を断り、使用可能な物まで捨ててしまうことも減少するのではないだろうか。
In that case, consumers would refuse unnecessary packaging, and the number of usable items being thrown away would probably decrease as well.
しかしN52 times in this passage
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし、不要になった物を再利用することよりも便利さを優先してきた結果、家庭ごみは増え続ける一方だ。
However, as a result of prioritizing convenience over reusing things that are no longer needed, household garbage has continued to increase.
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