All passages
N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #489
2

かいしょくりょうきょうきゅうあたま(注1)かつて日本にっぽんおなに、経済成長けいざいせいちょうためのうぎょうすい退たいさせ一方いっぽうしょくせいかつこうじょうはかアジアうごなどわたしいるにゅうたいこくばんがいもろ

わたしは、このへんしょくりょうかんたいせいかんがおくひつようあるのではないか。

かんとは、いったんことときせいさんからりゅうつうまでどうするか、まえたいせいづくかんがおくことあるたいせいせいしておかないと、しょくりょうかくためていきょうせいりょくせいさく実施じっしすることなどのうあるはたけにはイモるいゆうせんてきならないじんてきいやというひといても、こくみんさいしょうげんえいようとるためきょうりょくしてもらうひつようあるこのてんせいしておくほうのではないか、ということある

へいときは、このせいねむおけばいいいざというとき(注2)せいはつどうする(注3)のであるだんは、せいなるべくしょくりょうせいさんりゅうつうにはかいにゅうべきではないそれぞれたちひとが、ゆうかつどうようかんきょうととのおくやくわりだけいいしかしなにときは、しょくりょうかんせきにんこうのであるおおあいは、じょうたいまでいちてきなるだろう。

ちゅうりゃく

しょくりょうかんたいせいとは、じょうたいそなせいさんからりゅうつうまでづくあるはつどうすることないよういのながらせいけんとうしておくひつようあるのではないか。

なかむらやすひこコンビニファミレス回転寿司かいてんずしによる

ちゅう1)あたまげんかいたっそれじょうなること

ちゅう2)いざというときじょうたいとき

ちゅう3)はつどうするここでは、せい実際じっさい使つか

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1このへんで食糧の危機管理体制を考えておく必要があるとあるが、なぜか。
  2. 2体制を制度にしてとあるが、どうすることか。
  3. 3政府が検討すべき食糧の危機管理体制について、筆者の考えに合うものはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary14 words
  • かつて
    • ·once; before; formerly; ever; former; ex-
    • ·never yet; never before; first time; still not happened
    N1
  • 向上こうじょう
    • ·elevation; rise; improvement; advancement; progress
    N1
  • 図るはかる
    • ·to plan; to attempt; to devise
    • ·to plot; to conspire; to scheme
    • ·to aim for; to strive for; to work towards; to seek
    • ·to deceive; to trick; to take in
    N1
  • 動きうごき
    • ·movement; move; motion
    • ·trend; development; change; fluctuation
    N1
  • 脆いもろい
    • ·brittle; fragile; weak; frail
    • ·tender-hearted; sentimental; easily moved
    N1
  • 流通りゅうつう
    • ·circulation (of money, goods, etc.); distribution
    • ·circulation (of air, water, etc.); ventilation; flow
    N1
  • 前もってまえもって
    • ·in advance; beforehand; previously; ahead of time
    N1
  • 確保かくほ
    • ·securing; obtaining; ensuring; guarantee; maintaining
    • ·belay; belaying
    N1
  • 政策せいさく
    • ·political measures; policy
    N1
  • 介入かいにゅう
    • ·intervention
    N1
  • 整えるととのえるAs it appears here: 整えて
    • ·to put in order; to arrange; to tidy up; to fix; to straighten
    • ·to get ready; to prepare; to arrange; to supply; to assemble; to buy
    • ·to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
    • ·to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage); to settle
    N1
  • 仕組みしくみ
    • ·structure; construction; arrangement; contrivance; mechanism; workings
    • ·plan; plot; contrivance
    N1
  • 移行いこう
    • ·transition; changeover; switchover; shift
    • ·transfer (of powers, weight, etc.); shift (e.g. of centre of gravity)
    N1
  • 措置そち
    • ·measure; step; action
    N1
Other levels66 words
  • するAs it appears here: させ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • へん
    • ·area; vicinity; region
    • ·side; edge
    • ·circumstances
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 起きるおきるAs it appears here: 起きた
    • ·to get up; to rise; to blaze up (fire)
    • ·to wake up; to be awake; to stay awake
    • ·to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen; to take place
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • おくAs it appears here: おかない
    • ·to put; to place
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
    • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
    • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
    • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
    • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
    • ·to separate spatially or temporally
    • ·to do something in advance
    • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持った
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • いや
    • ·disliking; not wanting; unwilling (to do); reluctant
    • ·unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; horrible; disgusting; undesirable; unwelcome
    • ·no!; quit it!; stop!
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いて
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 出来るできる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 使うつかう
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 生産せいさん
    • ·production; manufacture
    N4
  • 植えるうえるAs it appears here: 植えなければ
    • ·to plant; to grow; to raise
    • ·to insert; to transplant; to implant; to set (type)
    • ·to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent)
    • ·to instill (idea, value, etc.); to inculcate
    N4
  • てん
    • ·dot; spot; point; speck; mark
    • ·mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points
    • ·point (in a game); score; goal; run
    • ·point
    • ·point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint
    • ·(punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot
    • ·"dot" stroke (in a Chinese character)
    • ·counter for points, marks, goals, etc.
    • ·counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.
    N4
  • 眠るねむるAs it appears here: 眠らせて
    • ·to sleep
    • ·to die; to rest (in peace); to lie (buried); to sleep (in the grave)
    • ·to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; to lie untapped; to lie untouched
    • ·to close one's eyes
    N4
  • なるべく
    • ·as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
    N4
  • 祈るいのるAs it appears here: 祈り
    • ·to pray; to say a prayer; to say grace
    • ·to wish; to hope
    N4
  • 以上いじょう
    • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
    • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
    • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
    • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
    • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
    N4
  • 食糧しょくりょう
    • ·food (esp. staple food such as rice or wheat); provisions; rations; food supply
    N3
  • 供給きょうきゅう
    • ·supply; provision
    N3
  • 農業のうぎょう
    • ·agriculture; farming
    N3
  • 暮らすくらすAs it appears here: 暮らして
    • ·to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to get along; to get by
    • ·to make a living; to earn a livelihood
    • ·to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing); to live; to get on (doing)
    • ·to do daily; to do all day long; to continue doing
    N3
  • 輸入ゆにゅう
    • ·import; importation; introduction
    • ·afferent
    N3
  • 意外いがい
    • ·unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 制度せいど
    • ·system; institution; organization; organisation
    N3
  • 実施じっし
    • ·enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters); enactment
    N3
  • はたけ
    • ·field (for growing wheat, fruit, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; vegetable plot; kitchen garden; plantation
    • ·field (of specialization); sphere; area; line
    • ·womb; birth; birthplace
    N3
  • 国民こくみん
    • ·people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
    • ·Democratic Party for the People
    N3
  • 栄養えいよう
    • ·nutrition; nourishment
    N3
  • 協力きょうりょく
    • ·cooperation; collaboration; help; support
    N3
  • 平和へいわ
    • ·peace; harmony
    N3
  • 政府せいふ
    • ·government; administration; ministry
    N3
  • 普段ふだん
    • ·usual; normal; everyday; habitual; ordinary
    • ·usually; normally; generally; habitually; always
    N3
  • 食料しょくりょう
    • ·food
    N3
  • 立場たちば
    • ·position; situation
    • ·viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
    N3
  • 活動かつどう
    • ·activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation
    • ·moving picture
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 環境かんきょう
    • ·environment; surroundings; circumstances
    N3
  • 役割やくわり
    • ·part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
    N3
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • 管理かんり
    • ·control; management (e.g. of a business)
    N3
  • 異常いじょう
    • ·abnormal; unusual; extraordinary; remarkable; uncommon
    N3
  • 事態じたい
    • ·situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
    N3
  • 備えるそなえるAs it appears here: 備えた
    • ·to furnish with; to equip with; to provide; to install
    • ·to prepare for; to make preparations for; to make provision for
    • ·to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with; to be equipped with
    • ·to be born with; to have since birth
    N3
  • 検討けんとう
    • ·consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny; discussion; analysis; review
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 限界げんかい
    • ·limit; bound
    N3
  • 伸びるのびるAs it appears here: 伸びなく
    • ·to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair, height, grass, etc.)
    • ·to straighten out; to be flattened; to become smooth
    • ·to spread (of paint, cream, etc.)
    • ·to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
    • ·to lose elasticity; to become slack; to become soggy (e.g. of noodles)
    • ·to make progress; to develop; to expand; to increase; to improve
    • ·to be exhausted; to get groggy; to be stunned (by a blow); to pass out; to collapse
    • ·to be prolonged (of a meeting, life span, etc.); to be extended (e.g. of a deadline); to lengthen (e.g. of the days)
    • ·to be postponed; to be delayed; to be put off
    • ·to gain traction (of an online post, video, etc.); to get views; to perform well
    N3
  • 起こるおこるAs it appears here: 起こった
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • 基盤きばん
    • ·base; basis; foundation; footing; infrastructure
    • ·bedrock
    • ·platform
    N2
  • 体制たいせい
    • ·order; system; structure; set-up; organization; organisation
    N2
  • いったん
    • ·once
    • ·for a short time; briefly; temporarily
    • ·one morning
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • かつてN1

    Refers to a time in the past, or with a negative predicate means 'never before' — 'once,' 'formerly.'

    世界の食糧供給の頭打ち、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。

    The foundations of the major importing country in which we live are surprisingly fragile, given the leveling off of the world's food supply and developments in Asia, where, much like Japan in the past, countries have allowed agriculture to decline in pursuit of economic growth while at the same time seeking to improve their diets.

Other levels27 patterns
  • ではないかN23 times in this passage

    Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

    私たちは、このへんで食糧の危機管理体制を考えておく必要があるのではないか

    Perhaps it is time for us to consider establishing a food-crisis management system.

  • 以上に(いじょうに)N2

    Marks that something exceeds a stated or expected degree — 'more than ~; even more than'.

    (注1)頭打ち:限界に達して、それ以上に伸びなくなること

    (Note 1) To level off: to reach a limit and stop increasing further

  • ためにN33 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    世界の食糧供給の頭打ち、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。

    The foundations of the major importing country in which we live are surprisingly fragile, given the leveling off of the world's food supply and developments in Asia, where, much like Japan in the past, countries have allowed agriculture to decline in pursuit of economic growth while at the same time seeking to improve their diets.

  • 一方で(いっぽうで)N3

    A connective presenting a second, contrasting or simultaneous aspect — 'on the other hand; while; meanwhile'.

    世界の食糧供給の頭打ち、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。

    The foundations of the major importing country in which we live are surprisingly fragile, given the leveling off of the world's food supply and developments in Asia, where, much like Japan in the past, countries have allowed agriculture to decline in pursuit of economic growth while at the same time seeking to improve their diets.

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    個人的に嫌だという人がいても、国民が最小限の栄養をとるために協力してもらう必要がある。

    Even if some individuals dislike the idea, their cooperation would be necessary so that the population could obtain the minimum required nutrition.

  • というN33 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    個人的に嫌だという人がいても、国民が最小限の栄養をとるために協力してもらう必要がある。

    Even if some individuals dislike the idea, their cooperation would be necessary so that the population could obtain the minimum required nutrition.

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    この点を制度化しておく方が良いのではないか、ということである。

    The point is that it may be better to institutionalize this in advance.

  • 〜ばいいN3

    Offers a suggestion or solution via the conditional plus いい, "you should ~ / it'd be good to just ~."

    平和な時には、この制度は眠らせておけばいい

    In peaceful times, the system can simply remain dormant.

  • なるべくN3

    An adverb meaning "as much as possible / if you can".

    普段は、政府はなるべく食料の生産や流通には介入すべきではない。

    Under normal circumstances, the government should interfere as little as possible in food production and distribution.

  • べきではないN3

    States what one ought not to do — 'shouldn't / ought not to'.

    普段は、政府はなるべく食料の生産や流通には介入すべきではない

    Under normal circumstances, the government should interfere as little as possible in food production and distribution.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (中村靖彦『コンビニファミレス回転寿司』による

    (From Nakamura Yasuhiko, “Convenience Stores, Family Restaurants, and Conveyor-Belt Sushi”)

  • などN42 times in this passage

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    世界の食糧供給の頭打ち、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。

    The foundations of the major importing country in which we live are surprisingly fragile, given the leveling off of the world's food supply and developments in Asia, where, much like Japan in the past, countries have allowed agriculture to decline in pursuit of economic growth while at the same time seeking to improve their diets.

  • 〜ておくN46 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 置く, doing something in advance as preparation or leaving it done for later — 'do ... in advance'.

    私たちは、このへんで食糧の危機管理体制を考えておく必要があるのではないか。

    Perhaps it is time for us to consider establishing a food-crisis management system.

  • 必要がある(ひつようがある)N43 times in this passage

    States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.

    私たちは、このへんで食糧の危機管理体制を考えておく必要があるのではないか。

    Perhaps it is time for us to consider establishing a food-crisis management system.

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    畑にはイモ類を優先的植えなければならない

    In the fields, tuber crops such as potatoes would have to be given priority.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    個人的に嫌だという人がいても、国民が最小限の栄養をとるために協力してもらう必要がある。

    Even if some individuals dislike the idea, their cooperation would be necessary so that the population could obtain the minimum required nutrition.

  • 〜てもらうN4

    Benefactive construction: receive the favor of someone doing an action for you — 'have/get someone to ...'.

    個人的に嫌だという人がいても、国民が最小限の栄養をとるために協力してもらう必要がある。

    Even if some individuals dislike the idea, their cooperation would be necessary so that the population could obtain the minimum required nutrition.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    それぞれの立場の人たちが、自由に活動出来るような環境を整えておく役割だけでいい。

    Its role need only be to create an environment in which people in their respective positions can act freely.

  • だけでN4

    'Just by / with only' — a single small condition alone is enough to produce the result.

    それぞれの立場の人たちが、自由に活動出来るような環境を整えておく役割だけでいい。

    Its role need only be to create an environment in which people in their respective positions can act freely.

  • 場合は(ばあいは)N4

    States the situation or condition under which something applies — 'in the case of; in the event that; if'.

    多くの場合は、異常事態が過ぎ去るまでの一時的な措置になるだろう。

    In most cases, it would probably be only a temporary measure until the abnormal situation had passed.

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    発動することがないように祈りながら、制度を検討しておく必要があるのではないか。

    Should we not consider establishing such a system while hoping that it will never have to be activated?

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    世界の食糧供給の頭打ち、かつての日本と同じように、経済成長のために農業を衰退させ、一方では食生活の向上を図るアジアの動きなど、私たちが暮らしている輸入大国の基盤は意外に脆い。

    The foundations of the major importing country in which we live are surprisingly fragile, given the leveling off of the world's food supply and developments in Asia, where, much like Japan in the past, countries have allowed agriculture to decline in pursuit of economic growth while at the same time seeking to improve their diets.

  • までN53 times in this passage

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    危機管理とは、いったんことが起きた時に、生産から流通までをどうするか、前もって体制作りを考えておくことである。

    Crisis management means thinking in advance about a system for what should be done, from production through distribution, once an emergency actually occurs.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    体制を制度にしておかないと、食糧確保のためのある程度強制力を持った政策を実施することなど不可能である。

    Unless such a framework is institutionalized, it will be impossible to implement policies with a certain degree of coercive force to secure food supplies.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    いざという時に政府が発動するのである。

    When an emergency arises, the government would activate it.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし何かの時には、食料管理に責任を持つ仕組みに移行のである。

    However, in times of emergency, it would shift to a system that assumes responsibility for food management.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    多くの場合は、異常事態が過ぎ去るまでの一時的な措置になるだろう

    In most cases, it would probably be only a temporary measure until the abnormal situation had passed.

Share:

Comments