All passages
N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #470
2

8つきじょうじゅん1かいようされたおおがたおんテント66はこだんはここまれたわき6ほんボンベからのう60%のさんたんガスなが

だんなかは、じんだんたいしょぞうしていた193040ねんだいせいしょせきしょうさっだ。どうしょかんりょうぞんなかじましょうさんは「しつおん25のう60%で2しゅうかんくんじょうする(注1)と、せいちゅうもちろんたまごまでじょできます」とはな

どうしょかんしょたいはんへい(注2)で、けんがくしゃがい一般人いっぱんじんかいないこれまでむしがいすうけんしかなくがいからがいちゅうしんにゅうあまりけいかいされてこなかったいう

ところが2006ねんかんない一斉いっせい調ちょうすると、しょてんからこうにゅうしたまきもの(注3)2ほんが、かんケースないはんしょくしたかぶとむし一種いっしゅシバンムシ」のようちゅういるのが

07ねんにはしょないカビ発生はっせいし、すうせんさつほんがいカビほんそのものいただけなくむしえさにもなる

調ちょう結果けっかがいからほんや、ホコリちゃくしたむしカビが、しょかんないぞうしょくするのうせいあることわかった

これまでは、むしほんがくやくひんじょしてきたさんたんひとかんきょうへのえいきょうすくていようしょまえに、だんごと一斉いっせいじょできるのがさいだいメリットいう

どうしょかんは、こうしたノウハウホームページろんぶんこくないがいしょうかいしている

あさしんぶん2010ねん8つき17づけゆうかんによる

ちゅう1)くんじょうするここでは、ガスけむり殺菌さっきん殺虫さっちゅうおこな

ちゅう2)へいようしゃしょだなかいほうせず、せいきゅうおうほんシステム

ちゅう3)まきものながかみかんされたむかししょもつ

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1この記事によると、国立国会図書館で2010年8月上旬に何が行われたか。
  2. 2この記事によると、国立国会図書館では本が傷んだ原因をどのように考えているか。
  3. 3国立国会図書館で行われた作業の方法は以前のものとどのように違うか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary10 words
  • 保温ほおん
    • ·retaining warmth; keeping heat in; heat insulation
    N1
  • 本のほんの
    • ·mere; only; just; slight
    N1
  • どう
    • ·the same; the said
    • ·likewise
    N1
  • 警戒けいかい
    • ·vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
    N1
  • 購入こうにゅう
    • ·purchase; buying
    N1
  • 保管ほかん
    • ·charge; custody; safekeeping; deposit; storage
    N1
  • 繁殖はんしょく
    • ·breeding; propagation; reproduction; multiplication; increase
    N1
  • 発生はっせい
    • ·occurrence; incidence; outbreak; birth (e.g. of civilization)
    • ·generation (of power, heat, etc.); production
    • ·ontogeny; development; growth; breeding
    N1
  • さつ
    • ·counter for books
    • ·volume
    N1
  • ごと
    • ·each; every
    N1
Other levels89 words
  • するAs it appears here: された
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • はこ
    • ·box; case; chest; package; pack; crate
    • ·car (of a train, etc.)
    • ·shamisen case; shamisen
    • ·public building; community building
    • ·man who carries a geisha's shamisen
    • ·receptacle for human waste; feces (faeces)
    • ·counter for boxes (or boxed objects)
    N5
  • 置くおくAs it appears here: 置いた
    • ·to put; to place
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
    • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
    • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
    • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
    • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
    • ·to separate spatially or temporally
    • ·to do something in advance
    • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • たまご
    • ·eggs; egg; spawn; roe
    • ·(hen's) egg
    • ·a ... in the making; future (lawyer, doctor, etc.); budding ...
    • ·beginning; origin; infancy
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できます
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 話すはなす
    • ·to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
    • ·to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
    • ·to speak (a language)
    N5
  • 図書館としょかん
    • ·library
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • あまり
    • ·remainder; remnant; rest; balance; surplus; remains (of a meal); leftovers
    • ·(not) very; (not) much
    • ·too much; excessively; overly
    • ·extreme; great; severe; tremendous; terrible
    • ·not very good; so-so; mediocre
    • ·more than; over
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • ほん
    • ·book; volume; script
    • ·this; present; current; ... in question; ... at issue
    • ·main; head; principal
    • ·real; genuine; regular; proper
    • ·counter for long, thin objects (sticks, tubes, strings, bottles, pillars, rivers, rail lines, etc.)
    • ·counter for films, TV shows, etc.
    • ·counter for telephone calls, letters, and emails
    • ·counter for goals, home runs, etc.
    • ·counter for rounds or points (in judo, kendo, etc.)
    N5
  • 食べるたべるAs it appears here: 食べられて
    • ·to eat
    • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 出るでるAs it appears here: 出た
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わかった
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 少ないすくないAs it appears here: 少なく
    • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
    N5
  • 入れるいれる
    • ·to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)
    • ·to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire
    • ·to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to
    • ·to include
    • ·to pay (one's rent, etc.)
    • ·to cast (a vote)
    • ·to make (tea, coffee, etc.)
    • ·to turn on (a switch, etc.)
    • ·to send (a fax); to call
    N5
  • まえ
    • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
    • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
    • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
    • ·forward; ahead
    • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
    • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
    • ·portion; helping
    • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
    • ·privates; private parts
    • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 見せるみせる
    • ·to show; to display
    • ·to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...
    • ·to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining
    • ·to have (something) looked at (by a specialist); to have (an antique, etc.) appraised
    • ·to have (an injury, person, etc.) looked at (by a doctor); to take (someone) to a doctor
    • ·to make a show of (doing); to do in a conspicuous manner; to do in view of others
    • ·to resolve to do; to do at any cost; to show others that one will ...
    N5
  • 長いながい
    • ·long (distance, length)
    • ·long (time); protracted; prolonged
    N5
  • かみ
    • ·paper
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書かれて
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • 用意ようい
    • ·preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
    N4
  • 運ぶはこぶAs it appears here: 運び
    • ·to carry; to transport; to move; to convey
    • ·to come; to go
    • ·to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
    • ·to carry out; to proceed with; to arrange
    • ·to go (well, etc.); to proceed; to progress
    N4
  • こむAs it appears here: こまれた
    • ·to be crowded; to be packed; to be congested; to be thronged (with)
    • ·to be complex; to be intricate
    • ·to go into; to go in; to put into
    • ·to become (completely)
    • ·to do thoroughly; to do sufficiently
    • ·to remain (silent, seated, etc.); to stay ...
    N4
  • ガスがす
    • ·gas (as a fuel)
    • ·gas (state of matter)
    • ·poison gas
    • ·dense fog; thick fog
    • ·gas stove; gas cooker; gas range
    • ·gasoline; gas; petrol
    • ·flatulence; gas; wind; fart
    • ·gassed yarn
    N4
  • 見えるみえるAs it appears here: 見えない
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • 以外いがい
    • ·excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
    • ·outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
    N4
  • 機会きかい
    • ·chance; opportunity; occasion
    N4
  • 見つかるみつかるAs it appears here: 見つかった
    • ·to be found; to be discovered
    N4
  • むし
    • ·insect; bug; cricket; moth
    • ·worm; roundworm
    • ·thing inside one's body believed to influence one's thoughts and feelings; (one's) unconscious
    • ·nervousness; fretfulness
    • ·person devoted to one thing; single-minded person
    • ·valve core
    • ·mushi (type of game played with a stripped deck)
    N4
  • 済むすむ
    • ·to finish; to end; to be completed; to be resolved
    • ·to have a result less severe than expected
    • ·to feel at ease
    • ·to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
    N4
  • 紹介しょうかい
    • ·introduction; presentation; referral; showcase (of a product)
    N4
  • 行うおこなう
    • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
    N4
  • むかし
    • ·the old days; the past; former times; a long time ago
    • ·the past ten years; the past decade
    N4
  • つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • 地下ちか
    • ·underground; below the ground
    • ·world of the dead; the grave
    • ·underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret; illegal; in hiding
    N3
  • わき
    • ·armpit; under one's arm; side; flank
    • ·beside; close to; near; by
    • ·aside; to the side; away; out of the way
    • ·off-track; off-topic
    • ·deuteragonist; supporting role
    • ·second verse (in a linked series of poems)
    N3
  • 個人こじん
    • ·individual; private person; personal; private
    • ·natural person
    N3
  • 団体だんたい
    • ·group; party; team
    • ·organization; organisation; association; group; body; society
    N3
  • 年代ねんだい
    • ·age; era; period; date
    N3
  • 保存ほぞん
    • ·preservation; conservation; storage; maintenance
    • ·save (to storage)
    N3
    • ·lesson
    • ·section (in an organization); division; department
    • ·counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
    N3
    • ·degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.)
    • ·counter for occurrences
    • ·strength (of glasses); glasses prescription
    • ·alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume
    • ·extent; degree; limit
    • ·presence of mind; composure
    N3
  • 週間しゅうかん
    • ·week
    N3
  • もちろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N3
  • 大半たいはん
    • ·majority; more than half; most (of)
    • ·mostly; largely; mainly; predominately; nearly
    N3
  • 被害ひがい
    • ·(suffering) damage; injury; harm
    N3
  • ところが
    • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
    N3
  • 調査ちょうさ
    • ·investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
    N3
  • 過去かこ
    • ·the past; bygone days
    • ·one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
    • ·past (tense); preterit; preterite
    • ·previous life
    N3
  • 一種いっしゅ
    • ·a kind; a sort; a variety; a species
    • ·of sorts; something of a; a sort of
    • ·sort of; somewhat
    N3
  • えさ
    • ·(animal) feed; fodder; pet food
    • ·bait; lure; enticement
    N3
  • 結果けっか
    • ·result; consequence; outcome; effect
    • ·as a result of ...; as a consequence of ...; after ...; following ...
    • ·bearing fruit; fruiting
    N3
  • ホコリほこり
    • ·dust
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 環境かんきょう
    • ·environment; surroundings; circumstances
    N3
  • 影響えいきょう
    • ·influence; effect; impact
    N3
  • 費用ひよう
    • ·cost; expense
    N3
  • 論文ろんぶん
    • ·thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
    N3
  • 日付ひづけ
    • ·date; dating
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • けむり
    • ·smoke; fumes
    N3
  • 請求せいきゅう
    • ·claim; demand; charge; application; request; billing (for a service)
    N3
  • 応じるおうじるAs it appears here: 応じて
    • ·to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for
    N3
  • 書物しょもつ
    • ·book; volume
    N3
  • 上旬じょうじゅん
    • ·first third of a month; first ten days of a month
    N2
  • 濃度のうど
    • ·concentration; density
    • ·cardinality
    N2
  • 中身なかみ
    • ·contents; interior; filling
    • ·substance; content
    • ·(sword) blade
    N2
  • 書籍しょせき
    • ·book; publication
    N2
  • 外部がいぶ
    • ·outside (e.g. of a building); exterior
    • ·outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world
    N2
  • 侵入しんにゅう
    • ·invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass; penetration; hacking
    N2
  • 一斉いっせい
    • ·simultaneous; all at once
    N2
  • 取り出すとりだすAs it appears here: 取り出し
    • ·to take out; to produce; to pick out
    • ·to fetch; to retrieve
    N2
  • 夕刊ゆうかん
    • ·evening edition (of a daily newspaper); evening paper
    N2
  • 開放かいほう
    • ·opening (a door, window, etc.); leaving open
    • ·opening up (e.g. to the public); allowing (public) access
    N2
  • 取り出すとりだすAs it appears here: 取り出して
    • ·to take out; to produce; to pick out
    • ·to fetch; to retrieve
    N2
  • 巻くまくAs it appears here: 巻いて
    • ·to wind; to coil; to roll; to wear (e.g. turban, scarf)
    • ·to envelope; to shroud
    • ·to outflank; to skirt
    • ·to link (verse)
    • ·to move ahead (three hours, etc.); to move up
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • 可能性があるN1

    States that something is possible or could happen — 'there is a possibility that ~, ~ could ~'.

    調査の結果、外部から持ち込まれる本や、ホコリに付着した虫やカビが、図書館内で増殖する可能性があることがわかった。

    The investigation found that books brought in from outside, as well as insects and mold attached to dust, could multiply within the library.

Other levels16 patterns
  • 以外(いがい)N2

    Marks everything except the named item — 'other than ~', 'apart from ~', 'besides ~'.

    同図書館の書庫の大半は閉架で、見学者以外の一般人は立ち入る機会がない。

    Most of the library’s stacks are closed to users, so ordinary members of the public other than visitors on tours rarely have an opportunity to enter them.

  • に応じてN2

    Expresses that something varies or is adjusted in accordance with the preceding condition; 'depending on / in response to'.

    (注2)閉架:利用者に書棚を開放せず、請求に応じて本を取り出して見せるシステム

    (Note 2) Closed stacks: a system in which users do not have direct access to the shelves and books are retrieved for them upon request

  • はもちろんN3

    Names one obvious case and adds another — 'not only X (which goes without saying) but also Y'.

    同図書館資料保存課の中島尚子さんは「室温25度、濃度60%で2週間燻蒸すると、成虫はもちろん、目に見えない卵まで駆除できます」と話す。

    Nakajima Naoko-san of the library’s Preservation Division says, “If the materials are fumigated for two weeks at a room temperature of 25 degrees and a concentration of 60 percent, we can eliminate not only adult insects but even eggs invisible to the naked eye.”

  • しかないN3

    There is no option but to do it — 'have no choice but to', 'can only'.

    これまで虫食い被害は数件しかなく、外部からの害虫の侵入はあまり警戒されてこなかったという。

    Until then, there had been only a few cases of insect damage, so little attention had been paid to the possibility of pests entering from outside.

  • あまり〜ないN3

    The degree adverb あまり, typically with a following negative, expresses a limited degree, "not very / not much."

    これまで虫食い被害は数件しかなく、外部からの害虫の侵入はあまり警戒されてこなかったという。

    Until then, there had been only a few cases of insect damage, so little attention had been paid to the possibility of pests entering from outside.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    これまで虫食い被害は数件しかなく、外部からの害虫の侵入はあまり警戒されてこなかったという

    Until then, there had been only a few cases of insect damage, so little attention had been paid to the possibility of pests entering from outside.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    ところが、2006年に館内一斉調査をすると、過去に古書店から購入した和紙の巻物2本が、保管ケース内で繁殖した甲虫の一種「シバンムシ」の幼虫に食べられているのが見つかった。

    However, during a library-wide inspection in 2006, two Japanese-paper scrolls previously purchased from a secondhand bookstore were found to have been eaten by larvae of a type of beetle called shibanmushi, which had multiplied inside their storage cases.

  • だけでなくN3

    Correlative adding a further item beyond the one stated — 'not only ... (but also)'.

    カビは本そのものを傷めるだけでなく、虫の餌にもなる。

    Mold not only damages the books themselves but also serves as food for insects.

  • て済む(てすむ)N3

    Says a situation is settled by just the stated action, or (negative) without having to do it — "it's enough to just X / manage without X."

    二酸化炭素は人や環境への影響も少なく、低費用で済む

    Carbon dioxide has little impact on people or the environment and is also inexpensive.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (朝日新聞2010年8月17日付夕刊による

    (From the August 17, 2010 evening edition of Asahi Shimbun)

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    段ボールの中身は、個人や団体が所蔵していた1930~40年代の和紙製の書籍や小冊子だ。

    The boxes contained books and pamphlets made of Japanese paper from the 1930s and 1940s that had been owned by individuals and organizations.

  • に見える(にみえる)N4

    Expresses how something appears or seems to an observer, 'to look ~ / to seem ~.'

    同図書館資料保存課の中島尚子さんは「室温25度、濃度60%で2週間燻蒸すると、成虫はもちろん、目に見えない卵まで駆除できます」と話す。

    Nakajima Naoko-san of the library’s Preservation Division says, “If the materials are fumigated for two weeks at a room temperature of 25 degrees and a concentration of 60 percent, we can eliminate not only adult insects but even eggs invisible to the naked eye.”

  • 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    これまで虫食い被害は数件しかなく、外部からの害虫の侵入はあまり警戒されてこなかったという。

    Until then, there had been only a few cases of insect damage, so little attention had been paid to the possibility of pests entering from outside.

  • までN53 times in this passage

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    同図書館資料保存課の中島尚子さんは「室温25度、濃度60%で2週間燻蒸すると、成虫はもちろん、目に見えない卵まで駆除できます」と話す。

    Nakajima Naoko-san of the library’s Preservation Division says, “If the materials are fumigated for two weeks at a room temperature of 25 degrees and a concentration of 60 percent, we can eliminate not only adult insects but even eggs invisible to the naked eye.”

  • 〜ているN52 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    ところが、2006年に館内一斉調査をすると、過去に古書店から購入した和紙の巻物2本が、保管ケース内で繁殖した甲虫の一種「シバンムシ」の幼虫に食べられているのが見つかった。

    However, during a library-wide inspection in 2006, two Japanese-paper scrolls previously purchased from a secondhand bookstore were found to have been eaten by larvae of a type of beetle called shibanmushi, which had multiplied inside their storage cases.

  • 前に(まえに)N5

    Marks that something happens before an action or in front of a place — "before (doing) / in front of."

    書庫に入れる前に、段ボールごと一斉駆除できるのが最大のメリットという。

    Its greatest advantage is that the materials can be treated all at once while still in their cardboard boxes, before being placed in the stacks.

Share:

Comments