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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #469
2

しょうじきこというと、せいじんしたひとびとあつあるNHKぶんセンターで、じゅつはなしのは、さいしょかなりうたがぶんだった。というのは、おおすくしゃかいていしたけいけんあってそれなりけんしきなりせんもんなりいるひとびとが、いまさらやくにもぬ”げいじゅつに、それほどふかきょうだろなどとはおもからあるまたかりとしても、それは、ぶんこのじゅつひんを、たのながといったしゅるいものかとおもいたところがそれが①たいへんちがということわかった

ひたひたくるにせものではないふかきょうちかごろだいがくせいこそことできないものあった。はたちなるならずのわかものたちは、おおあいたんとるためそこいるのであって、どこまでこころきょうそこいるのかまったうたが。(ちゅうりゃく)②みんこう熱心ねっしんは、かつてよろこなくがくせいだいしまったひとびとの、いわばノスタルジー(注)なのであろうか。うしなはじそのよろこというわけなのか。わたしそうおもなった

ところがそれまたちがということわかった。1ねんすうげつこうつづいまは、あることわかったのであるつまり、「げいじゅつは、どもにはわからないということあるげいじゅつとは、じんせいけいけんありあこがありまたしつぼうあいある一片いっぺんにも、じんせいいるじんせいいないものに、わかるわけないもちろんわかものでも、ていわかるしかしほんとうふかわかるのは、すでにひとびとある

わかくわみどりレット・イット・ビーによる

ちゅうノスタルジーなつこと

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1大変な間違いだとあるが、何が間違いだったのか。
  2. 2市民講座の熱心さとあるが、筆者は講座を受ける人たちが熱心なのはどうしてだと思っていたか。
  3. 3筆者が市民講座での経験を通して最も強く感じたことは何か。

Study this passage

Vocabulary5 words
  • いまさら
    • ·now (when it is already much too late); at this stage
    • ·afresh; anew; again
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しんで
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 押し寄せるおしよせるAs it appears here: 押し寄せて
    • ·to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.); to rush for (the door); to inundate; to overwhelm; to push aside
    N1
  • かつて
    • ·once; before; formerly; ever; former; ex-
    • ·never yet; never before; first time; still not happened
    N1
  • 日々ひび
    • ·daily; everyday
    • ·days (e.g. of one's youth)
    • ·every day; day after day; day by day; from day to day
    N1
Other levels81 words
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 出るでるAs it appears here: 出たり
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • 家庭かてい
    • ·home; household; family; hearth
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持ったり
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あって
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持って
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 立つたつAs it appears here: 立た
    • ·to stand (up); to rise; to get to one's feet; to stand on end (e.g. of hairs); to stick up
    • ·to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on)
    • ·to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to take up (a position, post, etc.); to position oneself
    • ·to leave (to do something)
    • ·to depart (on a journey, trip, etc.); to leave; to set off; to start
    • ·to get stuck (into; of an arrow, thorn etc.); to pierce
    • ·to develop (of a haze, waves, etc.); to form (of steam, bubbles, etc.); to appear (of a rainbow, clouds, etc.); to rise (of smoke, waves, etc.); to begin to blow (of a wind, breeze, etc.)
    • ·to spread (of a rumour, reputation, etc.); to be become widely known
    • ·to stand (for election); to run
    • ·to take action; to act; to rise (up); to rouse oneself
    • ·to have an erection; to become erect (e.g. of nipples)
    • ·to be established (of a policy, plan, objective, etc.); to be formed
    • ·to be valid (of an argument, logic, etc.); to hold up; to hold water; to stand up (e.g. of evidence); to be logical; to be reasonable
    • ·to be sustained (of a living, business, etc.); to be maintained; to survive; to be preserved (of one's reputation, honour, etc.); to be saved
    • ·to start (of a season); to begin
    • ·to be held (of a market)
    • ·to shut (of a door, shoji, etc.); to be shut; to be closed
    • ·to be (the result of a division)
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持った
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わかった
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なら
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • 初めてはじめて
    • ·for the first time
    • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
    • ·first time; (one's) first
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知った
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • いま
    • ·now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately
    • ·another; more
    N5
  • 子供こども
    • ·child; children
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わからない
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
    • ·picture; drawing; painting; sketch
    • ·image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
    N5
  • わかる
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • 文化ぶんか
    • ·culture; civilization; civilisation
    • ·Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
    N4
  • 最初さいしょ
    • ·beginning; outset; first; onset
    N4
  • 気分きぶん
    • ·feeling; mood
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • それほど
    • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
    N4
  • 深いふかい
    • ·deep
    • ·profound
    • ·dense; thick
    • ·close (relationship)
    • ·intense; strong
    • ·late
    N4
  • 合うあうAs it appears here: 合った
    • ·to come together; to merge; to unite; to meet
    • ·to fit; to match; to suit; to agree with; to be correct
    • ·to be profitable; to be equitable
    • ·to do ... to each other; to do ... together
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思って
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 興味きょうみ
    • ·interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
    N4
  • 大学生だいがくせい
    • ·university student; college student
    N4
  • 見つけるみつける
    • ·to find; to discover; to come across; to spot; to catch (someone doing)
    • ·to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 市民しみん
    • ·citizen (of a country); citizenry
    • ·citizen (of a city); resident; inhabitant; townspeople
    • ·bourgeoisie; middle class
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • 続けるつづけるAs it appears here: 続けた
    • ·to continue; to keep up; to keep on
    • ·to continue ...; to keep on ...
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 深いふかいAs it appears here: 深く
    • ·deep
    • ·profound
    • ·dense; thick
    • ·close (relationship)
    • ·intense; strong
    • ·late
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きた
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 過ぎるすぎるAs it appears here: 過ぎた
    • ·to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to have expired; to have ended; to be over
    • ·to exceed; to surpass; to be above
    • ·to be no more than ...
    • ·to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...
    N4
  • 正直しょうじき
    • ·honest; frank; candid; straightforward
    • ·honestly; frankly
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 成人せいじん
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·becoming an adult; coming of age; growing up (to be a man, woman)
    N3
  • 集まりあつまり
    • ·gathering; meeting; assembly; collection; attendance
    N3
  • 経験けいけん
    • ·experience
    N3
  • やく
    • ·role; assignment; responsibility; duty; function; job; service
    • ·position (of responsibility); post; office
    • ·part (in a play, film, etc.); role; character
    • ·scoring combination; hand; yaku; meld
    N3
  • 過去かこ
    • ·the past; bygone days
    • ·one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
    • ·past (tense); preterit; preterite
    • ·previous life
    N3
  • 芸術げいじゅつ
    • ·art; the arts
    N3
  • 好みこのみ
    • ·liking; taste; fancy; fondness
    • ·wish; desire; choice; preference
    N3
  • 眺めるながめる
    • ·to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
    • ·to look out over; to get a view of; to admire (e.g. the scenery)
    • ·to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch; to observe
    N3
  • 種類しゅるい
    • ·variety; kind; type; category
    • ·counter for kinds, species, etc.
    N3
  • ところが
    • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
    N3
  • 間違いまちがい
    • ·mistake; error; blunder
    • ·accident; mishap; trouble
    • ·improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
    N3
  • 近頃ちかごろ
    • ·lately; recently; nowadays
    • ·terribly; awfully; extremely
    N3
  • 単位たんい
    • ·unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.); denomination
    • ·unit (i.e. one comprised of many); group; whole
    • ·credit (in school, university, etc.); point
    • ·by the ...; in units of ...; in groups of ...; in amounts of ...; each ...; by ...; every...
    N3
  • 抱くいだくAs it appears here: 抱いて
    • ·to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug
    • ·to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
    N3
  • 全くまったく
    • ·really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly
    • ·indeed
    • ·good grief
    N3
  • 熱心ねっしん
    • ·zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
    N3
  • 喜びよろこび
    • ·joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing; congratulations; felicitations
    N3
  • 過ごすすごすAs it appears here: 過ごして
    • ·to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
    • ·to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess
    • ·to take care of; to support
    • ·to overdo; to do too much
    • ·to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
    N3
  • いわば
    • ·so to speak; so to call it; as it were; in a sense
    N3
    • ·place; spot; space
    • ·field; discipline; sphere; realm
    • ·occasion; situation
    • ·scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
    • ·session
    • ·field; table; area in which cards are laid out
    • ·round (east, south, etc.)
    • ·field
    • ·field (in Gestalt psychology)
    N3
  • 失ううしなうAs it appears here: 失われて
    • ·to lose
    • ·to miss (a chance, opportunity)
    • ·to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of
    • ·to concede (goals, points, etc.)
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • 失望しつぼう
    • ·disappointment; despair
    N3
  • もちろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N3
  • すでに
    • ·already
    • ·previously; before
    • ·undeniably; unmistakably; in the first place
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 憧れるあこがれるAs it appears here: 憧れで
    • ·to long for; to yearn for; to hanker after; to be attracted by; to be drawn to; to aspire to; to admire; to adore
    N2
  • 詰まるつまるAs it appears here: 詰まって
    • ·to be packed (with); to be filled; to be full (e.g. of a schedule)
    • ·to be blocked (of a pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to be stopped up
    • ·to be become shorter; to shrink; to narrow
    • ·to be at a loss (for); to be pressed (for); to be stuck (for)
    • ·to come to the end; to be settled
    • ·to become a geminate consonant
    • ·to hit the bat close to the batter's hands (of a pitch); to hit off the fists; to get jammed
    N2
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • かれ~かれN1

    Pairs two contrasting adjective stems to mean 'whether one or the other, either way' — as in 'sooner or later,' 'more or less.'

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • かつてN1

    Refers to a time in the past, or with a negative predicate means 'never before' — 'once,' 'formerly.'

    (中略)②市民講座の熱心さは、かつて、喜びもなく学生時代を過ごしてしまった人々の、いわばノスタルジーの場なのであろうか。

    (Omitted) Could ② the enthusiasm seen in public courses be, so to speak, a place of nostalgia for people who once passed through their student years without experiencing such joy?

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    (中略)②市民講座の熱心さは、かつて、喜びもなく学生時代を過ごしてしまった人々の、いわばノスタルジーの場なのであろうか。

    (Omitted) Could ② the enthusiasm seen in public courses be, so to speak, a place of nostalgia for people who once passed through their student years without experiencing such joy?

  • というわけだN1

    Presents the statement as the natural conclusion or explanation of what came before — "so that means...", "that's why...".

    失われて初めて、その喜びを知ったというわけなのか。

    Had they only come to understand that joy after it was gone?

Other levels28 patterns
  • としてもN2

    Concessive hypothetical attached to a plain form; 'even if / even supposing (that)'.

    また、仮に持ったとしても、それは、自分の好みに合った美術品を、楽しんで眺める、といった種類のものかと思っていた。

    Even if they did have an interest, I assumed it would merely take the form of enjoying works of art that suited their personal tastes.

  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    また、仮に持ったとしても、それは、自分の好みに合った美術品を、楽しんで眺める、といった種類のものかと思っていた。

    Even if they did have an interest, I assumed it would merely take the form of enjoying works of art that suited their personal tastes.

  • ものか / もんかN2

    Emphatic rhetorical denial tacked onto a plain-form predicate — 'there's no way I would ~', 'as if I'd ~'.

    また、仮に持ったとしても、それは、自分の好みに合った美術品を、楽しんで眺める、といった種類のものかと思っていた。

    Even if they did have an interest, I assumed it would merely take the form of enjoying works of art that suited their personal tastes.

  • というのはN3

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • ところがN32 times in this passage

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    ところが、それが①大変な間違いだということがわかった。

    But I discovered that this was ① a serious mistake.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    ひたひたと押し寄せてくる、にせものではない、深い興味は近頃の大学生にこそ見つけることのできないものであった。

    The deep and genuine interest that steadily welled up in them was precisely what could not be found among university students nowadays.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    はたちになるやならずの若者たちは、多くの場合、単位をとるためにそこにいるのであって、どこまで心から興味を抱いてそこにいるのか全く疑わしい。

    Young people barely twenty years old are often there simply to earn credits, and it is highly questionable how much heartfelt interest actually brings them there.

  • 〜てはじめてN3

    'only after ~ / not until ~' — something is realized or happens only once the prior action is completed.

    失われて初めて、その喜びを知ったというわけなのか。

    Had they only come to understand that joy after it was gone?

  • つまりN3

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    つまり、「芸術は、子供にはわからない」ということである。

    Namely, “Children cannot understand art.”

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    つまり、「芸術は、子供にはわからない」ということである。

    Namely, “Children cannot understand art.”

  • すでにN3

    Adverb stating an action is 'already' done or a situation already holds.

    しかし、本当に深くわかるのは、すでに生きた人々である。

    But those who can understand it truly and deeply are people who have already lived and experienced life.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (若桑みどり『レット・イット・ビー』による

    (From Wakakuwa Midori, “Let It Be”)

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    また、仮に持ったとしても、それは、自分の好みに合った美術品を、楽しんで眺める、といった種類のものかと思っていた。

    Even if they did have an interest, I assumed it would merely take the form of enjoying works of art that suited their personal tastes.

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    また、仮に持ったとしても、それは、自分の好みに合った美術品を、楽しんで眺める、といった種類のものかと思っていた

    Even if they did have an interest, I assumed it would merely take the form of enjoying works of art that suited their personal tastes.

  • ということN42 times in this passage

    Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

    ところが、それが①大変な間違いだということがわかった。

    But I discovered that this was ① a serious mistake.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    ひたひたと押し寄せてくる、にせものではない、深い興味は近頃の大学生にこそ見つけることのできないものであった。

    The deep and genuine interest that steadily welled up in them was precisely what could not be found among university students nowadays.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    (中略)②市民講座の熱心さは、かつて、喜びもなく学生時代を過ごしてしまった人々の、いわばノスタルジーの場なのであろうか。

    (Omitted) Could ② the enthusiasm seen in public courses be, so to speak, a place of nostalgia for people who once passed through their student years without experiencing such joy?

  • ようになるN4

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    私はそう思うようになった

    I came to think so.

  • 続ける(つづける)N4

    Attaches to a verb stem to mean keep doing / continue doing the action ('keep ~ing').

    1年と数ヶ月講座を続けた今は、あることがわかったのである。

    Now, after continuing the course for a year and several months, I have come to understand something.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • 〜ているN53 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    というのは、多かれ少なかれ社会に出たり、家庭を持ったりした経験があって、それなりの見識なり専門なりを持っている人々が、いまさら“役にも立たぬ”過去の芸術に、それほど深い興味を持つだろうなどとは思えなかったからである。

    I simply could not imagine that people who had, to one degree or another, experienced working in society or raising families and had developed their own knowledge or expertise would now take such a deep interest in the “useless” art of the past.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    ひたひたと押し寄せてくる、にせものではない、深い興味は近頃の大学生にこそ見つけることのできないものであった。

    The deep and genuine interest that steadily welled up in them was precisely what could not be found among university students nowadays.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    はたちになるやならずの若者たちは、多くの場合、単位をとるためにそこにいるのであって、どこまで心から興味を抱いてそこにいるのか全く疑わしい。

    Young people barely twenty years old are often there simply to earn credits, and it is highly questionable how much heartfelt interest actually brings them there.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    はたちになるやならずの若者たちは、多くの場合、単位をとるためにそこにいるのであって、どこまで心から興味を抱いてそこにいるのか全く疑わしい。

    Young people barely twenty years old are often there simply to earn credits, and it is highly questionable how much heartfelt interest actually brings them there.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、本当に深くわかるのは、すでに生きた人々である。

    But those who can understand it truly and deeply are people who have already lived and experienced life.

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