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N1 · AdvancedIntegrated comprehensionPassage #463
2

「A」

せいたいけいぜん(注1)では、そこせいそく(注2)するせいぶつことこうりょするが、せいたいけいこうせいするすべてせいぶつひとあつかことできないなぜならいちせいぶつまもすると、かならえきこうむせいぶつしょうからあるすなわちわれわれにんげんなにしても、それによってえきせいぶつえきものしょうことなるそうなると、せいたいけいぜんするもくてきで、なんかつどうするということは、いちせいぶつしゅえきあたということなる

ちゅうりゃく

ゆいいつわれわれことは、われわれじんるいあるから、「きゅうせいたいけいじんるいけんぜんいくためあるということあるすなわち、「せいたいけいじんるいため」なのであるじんるいえきあたくれるせいたいけいを#ぜんべきなのである

はなざとたかゆきぜんそんなにヤワじやないいちかいだらけせいたいけいによる

「B」

ぜんせいぶつがくかくなるがいねんあるせいぶつようせいたねそんぞくによってされるしたがってぜんせいぶつがくでは、しょうしゅげんしょうていあるたいぐんぜんかんしきほうほうひとじゅうようだいある。(ちゅうりゃく

しかしべつたねそれぞれすることじょうこんなんあるひとせいたいけいとっても、せいぶつからしょくぶつこんちゅうにゅうどうぶつなどおおたねせいぞんしているが、それらすべせいたいあくしてすることのうちかさらにぶんるいたねたねレベルでんてきようせいは、べつたねするほうほうではぎゃくされなくなってしまうおそそこでようせいぶつそうかんけいふくぜんそのままぜんすることじゅうようなってくるつまりせいたいけいぜんすることで、そこふくすべせいぶつするというかんがいる

ちゅう1)ぜんここでは、まもこと

ちゅう2)せいそくする

Questions

0/2 answered
  1. 1生態系を構成する生物の保護について、AとBの文章で共通して述べられていることは何か。
  2. 2保護すべき対象について、AとBはどのように考えているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary13 words
  • 一部いちぶ
    • ·one part; one portion; one section
    • ·one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
    N1
  • しゅ
    • ·kind; sort; type; class
    • ·species
    • ·species
    N1
  • 健全けんぜん
    • ·healthy; sound; wholesome
    N1
  • かく
    • ·stone (of a fruit); pit; pip
    • ·core (of an organization, team, etc.); nucleus; heart
    • ·nuclear weapons
    • ·nucleus (of an atom)
    • ·nucleus (of a cell)
    • ·condensation nucleus
    • ·(planetary) core
    • ·ring (in a cyclic compound)
    • ·kernel; core
    • ·nucleus (of a cultured pearl)
    N1
  • 概念がいねん
    • ·general idea; concept; notion
    N1
  • 存続そんぞく
    • ·continuance; survival; persistence; retention; duration
    N1
  • 減少げんしょう
    • ·decrease; reduction; decline
    N1
  • 課題かだい
    • ·subject; theme; issue; matter
    • ·homework; assignment
    • ·problem (that needs solving); task; challenge; question
    • ·route (in climbing, bouldering, etc.); problem
    N1
  • 個別こべつ
    • ·individual; separate; personal; case-by-case
    N1
  • 保護ほご
    • ·protection; safeguard; guardianship; custody; patronage
    • ·preservation; conservation
    N1
  • 昆虫こんちゅう
    • ·insect; bug
    N1
  • 把握はあく
    • ·grasp (of the situation, meaning, etc.); understanding; control; hold; grip
    N1
  • 多様たよう
    • ·diverse; various
    N1
Other levels68 words
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いち
    • ·one; 1
    • ·best
    • ·first; foremost
    • ·beginning; start
    • ·a (single); one (of many)
    • ·ace
    • ·bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 一つひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • 近いちかい
    • ·near; close; short (distance)
    • ·close (in time); soon
    • ·close (relationship); friendly; intimate
    • ·closely related
    • ·similar; almost the same; close to; nearly
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されなく
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • 受けるうける
    • ·to receive; to get
    • ·to catch (e.g. a ball)
    • ·to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
    • ·to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
    • ·to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
    • ·to be given (e.g. life, talent)
    • ·to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)
    • ·to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
    • ·to face (south, etc.)
    • ·to be modified by
    • ·to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
    • ·to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 非常にひじょうに
    • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
    N4
  • 以下いか
    • ·not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer
    • ·below (a standard, level, etc.); under; beneath; less than
    • ·the following; the below-mentioned; the rest; followed by ...
    • ·including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 生物せいぶつ
    • ·living thing; organism; creature; life
    • ·biology
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 考慮こうりょ
    • ·consideration; taking into account
    N3
  • 構成こうせい
    • ·composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization; organisation
    N3
  • すべて
    • ·everything; all; the whole
    • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
    N3
  • 等しいひとしいAs it appears here: 等しく
    • ·equal; identical; the same
    • ·no different (from); just like; equivalent
    N3
  • 扱うあつかう
    • ·to deal with (a person); to treat; to handle; to take care of; to entertain
    • ·to deal with (a problem); to handle; to manage
    • ·to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to work
    • ·to deal in; to sell
    • ·to cover (a topic); to treat; to discuss; to take up
    • ·to treat A as B
    • ·to mediate (an argument)
    • ·to be too much for one; to find unmanageable
    • ·to gossip
    N3
  • なぜなら
    • ·because; the reason is; if you want to know why
    N3
  • 守るまもるAs it appears here: 守ろう
    • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
    • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
    N3
  • 生じるしょうじる
    • ·to produce; to yield; to cause
    • ·to result from; to arise; to be generated
    N3
  • すなわち
    • ·that is (to say); namely; i.e.
    • ·precisely; exactly; just; nothing but; neither more nor less
    • ·(and) then
    N3
  • われわれ
    • ·we
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 利益りえき
    • ·profit; gains
    • ·benefit; advantage; good; interests (e.g. of society)
    • ·grace (of God, Buddha, etc., esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing; miracle
    N3
  • 得るえる
    • ·to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win
    • ·to understand; to comprehend
    • ·to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
    • ·to be able to ..., can ...
    N3
  • 目的もくてき
    • ·purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
    N3
  • 活動かつどう
    • ·activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation
    • ·moving picture
    N3
  • 与えるあたえる
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 唯一ゆいいつ
    • ·only; sole; unique
    N3
  • 人類じんるい
    • ·mankind; humanity
    N3
  • 地球ちきゅう
    • ·Earth; the globe
    N3
  • 与えるあたえるAs it appears here: 与えて
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • 誤解ごかい
    • ·misunderstanding
    N3
  • 維持いじ
    • ·maintenance; preservation; improvement
    N3
  • したがって
    • ·therefore; consequently; accordingly
    N3
  • 知識ちしき
    • ·knowledge; information
    N3
  • 方法ほうほう
    • ·method; way; manner; process; procedure; means; measure
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • 困難こんなん
    • ·difficulty; hardship; trouble; distress
    • ·infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
    N3
  • 植物しょくぶつ
    • ·plant; vegetation
    N3
  • 全てすべて
    • ·everything; all; the whole
    • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
    N3
  • さらに
    • ·furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
    N3
  • そこで
    • ·so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
    N3
  • 含むふくむ
    • ·to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace
    • ·to hold in the mouth
    • ·to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour
    • ·to express (emotion, etc.); to imply
    N3
  • そのまま
    • ·without change; as is
    • ·just like; extremely similar
    • ·immediately; just after; without a pause
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 含むふくむAs it appears here: 含まれる
    • ·to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace
    • ·to hold in the mouth
    • ·to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour
    • ·to express (emotion, etc.); to imply
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 守るまもる
    • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
    • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
    N3
  • 過程かてい
    • ·process; course; mechanism
    N2
  • 生存せいぞん
    • ·existence; being; life; survival
    N2
  • 分類ぶんるい
    • ·classification; categorization; sorting
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの~だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    すなわち、「生態系は人類のため」なのである。

    In other words, “ecosystems are for humanity.”

Other levels26 patterns
  • ということはN2

    Draws a logical conclusion or restatement from a preceding fact — "which means…, in other words…, that is to say…".

    そうなると、生態系を保全する目的で、何らかの活動をするということは、一部の生物種に利益を与えるということになる。

    Thus, carrying out some activity for the purpose of conserving an ecosystem means benefiting certain species.

  • さらにN2

    Adds a further point or a greater degree — 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'even more'.

    さらに、未分類の種や種レベル以下の遺伝的多様性は、個別の種を保護する方法では逆に保護されなくなってしまう恐れがある。

    Moreover, an approach that protects species individually risks failing to protect unclassified species and genetic diversity below the species level.

  • 逆に(ぎゃくに)N2

    Signals that what follows runs opposite to what was just said or expected — 'on the contrary', 'conversely', 'the other way around'.

    さらに、未分類の種や種レベル以下の遺伝的多様性は、個別の種を保護する方法では逆に保護されなくなってしまう恐れがある。

    Moreover, an approach that protects species individually risks failing to protect unclassified species and genetic diversity below the species level.

  • 恐れがあるN2

    Warns of an undesirable possibility — "there is a risk/danger that ~, may (regrettably) ~".

    さらに、未分類の種や種レベル以下の遺伝的多様性は、個別の種を保護する方法では逆に保護されなくなってしまう恐れがある

    Moreover, an approach that protects species individually risks failing to protect unclassified species and genetic diversity below the species level.

  • なぜならN3

    A sentence-initial conjunction that introduces the reason for what was just said — "because / the reason is that".

    なぜなら、一部の生物を守ろうとすると、必ず不利益を被る生物が生じるからである。

    This is because whenever we try to protect some organisms, others will inevitably be disadvantaged.

  • とすれば・としたら・とするとN3

    'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

    なぜなら、一部の生物を守ろうとすると、必ず不利益を被る生物が生じるからである。

    This is because whenever we try to protect some organisms, others will inevitably be disadvantaged.

  • すなわちN32 times in this passage

    Conjunction restating or clarifying the preceding statement, 'namely / that is / in other words'.

    すなわち、われわれ人間が何をしても、それによって利益を得る生物と不利益を受けるものが生じることになる。

    In other words, whatever we humans do, some organisms will benefit from it and others will suffer disadvantages.

  • によって/によるN33 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    すなわち、われわれ人間が何をしても、それによって利益を得る生物と不利益を受けるものが生じることになる。

    In other words, whatever we humans do, some organisms will benefit from it and others will suffer disadvantages.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    そうなると、生態系を保全する目的で、何らかの活動をするということは、一部の生物種に利益を与えるということになる。

    Thus, carrying out some activity for the purpose of conserving an ecosystem means benefiting certain species.

  • ためにN32 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    唯一われわれが言えることは、われわれが人類であるから、「地球生態系は人類が健全に生きていくためにある」ということである。

    The only thing we can say is that, because we are human beings, “the Earth’s ecosystem exists so that humanity can live healthily.”

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    唯一われわれが言えることは、われわれが人類であるから、「地球生態系は人類が健全に生きていくためにある」ということである。

    The only thing we can say is that, because we are human beings, “the Earth’s ecosystem exists so that humanity can live healthily.”

  • だらけN3

    Suffix on a noun meaning "full of / covered in / riddled with" X, almost always something unwanted (mistakes, dust, blood).

    (花里孝幸『自然はそんなにヤワじやない一誤解だらけの生態系』による)

    (From Hanazato Takayuki, “Nature Isn’t That Fragile: Ecosystems Full of Misconceptions”)

  • に関する/に関してN3

    Marks the topic that the following statement concerns or relates to; "regarding, concerning, about."

    したがって、保全生物学では、希少種や減少過程にある個体群の保全に関する知識と方法が一つの重要な課題である。

    Therefore, in conservation biology, knowledge and methods for conserving rare species and populations in decline constitute an important issue.

  • ままN3

    Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

    そこで、多様な生物の相互関係を含む自然をそのまま保全することが重要になってくる。

    It therefore becomes important to conserve nature as it is, including the interrelationships among diverse organisms.

  • つまりN3

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    つまり、生態系を保全することで、そこに含まれる全ての生物を保護するという考えている。

    In other words, the idea is to protect all the organisms within an ecosystem by conserving the ecosystem itself.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    すなわち、われわれ人間が何をしても、それによって利益を得る生物と不利益を受けるものが生じることになる。

    In other words, whatever we humans do, some organisms will benefit from it and others will suffer disadvantages.

  • ことになるN42 times in this passage

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    すなわち、われわれ人間が何をしても、それによって利益を得る生物と不利益を受けるものが生じることになる

    In other words, whatever we humans do, some organisms will benefit from it and others will suffer disadvantages.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    唯一われわれが言えることは、われわれが人類であるから、「地球生態系は人類が健全に生きていくためにある」ということである。

    The only thing we can say is that, because we are human beings, “the Earth’s ecosystem exists so that humanity can live healthily.”

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    言い換えれば、人類に利益を与えてくれる生態系を#全すべきなのである。

    Put another way, we should conserve ecosystems that benefit humanity.

  • そんなにN4

    Marks a degree 'that much / so'; frequently paired with a negative — 'not that much.'

    (花里孝幸『自然はそんなにヤワじやない一誤解だらけの生態系』による)

    (From Hanazato Takayuki, “Nature Isn’t That Fragile: Ecosystems Full of Misconceptions”)

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    一つの生態系をとっても、微生物から植物、昆虫、哺乳動物など多くの種が生存しているが、それらの全ての生態を把握して保護することは不可能に近い。

    Even a single ecosystem contains many species, from microorganisms to plants, insects, and mammals, and it is nearly impossible to understand the ecology of all of them and protect them individually.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    さらに、未分類の種や種レベル以下の遺伝的多様性は、個別の種を保護する方法では逆に保護されなくなってしまう恐れがある。

    Moreover, an approach that protects species individually risks failing to protect unclassified species and genetic diversity below the species level.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    そこで、多様な生物の相互関係を含む自然をそのまま保全することが重要になってくる

    It therefore becomes important to conserve nature as it is, including the interrelationships among diverse organisms.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、個別の種をそれぞれ保護することは非常に困難である。

    However, protecting each individual species separately is extremely difficult.

  • とてもN5

    Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

    一つの生態系をとっても、微生物から植物、昆虫、哺乳動物など多くの種が生存しているが、それらの全ての生態を把握して保護することは不可能に近い。

    Even a single ecosystem contains many species, from microorganisms to plants, insects, and mammals, and it is nearly impossible to understand the ecology of all of them and protect them individually.

  • 〜ているN52 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    一つの生態系をとっても、微生物から植物、昆虫、哺乳動物など多くの種が生存しているが、それらの全ての生態を把握して保護することは不可能に近い。

    Even a single ecosystem contains many species, from microorganisms to plants, insects, and mammals, and it is nearly impossible to understand the ecology of all of them and protect them individually.

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