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N1 · AdvancedLong passagePassage #462
2

けいぶんしょうめいかくもくてきいるあいおおのでそのもくてきおうどくしゃぶんしょうこのためもくてきがっしたぶんしょう満足感まんぞくかんどくしゃあたたとえば、「とうきょうこうつうじゅうたいかん調ちょうほうこくしょ」はそれひとそのないようそくなくじゅつされていれば100てんひょうなる調ちょうないようじゅうぶんあれひょう満足感まんぞくかんすく

しかしもしちょしゃどくしゃあいだで、そのぶんしょうばいたいとしてじゅつされていることじょうことがら発見はっけんできればどくしゃにとってさいこう満足感まんぞくかんなると、どくしゃあたらしき発見はっけんするよろこえんするあるいはそのきっかけなるぶんしょうこそが、100てんじょうひょうなるそれちょしゃどくしゃの①シナジーこうふたものからそれらごうけいじょうものこう)でありそれもたらすには、ちょしゃつねどくしゃしきし、どくしゃとともにもんだいかいけつあたるという姿せいことぶんしょうみが

いくらごとけいぶんしょうからいって「AはBだ、おぼおけという姿せいぶんしょうではどくしゃ満足感まんぞくかんすくむしろどくしゃぶんけんおちい一方いっぽうちょしゃへのしんきんかんなくなりしなくなるぶんしょうもくてき達成たっせいするためだいことは、どくしゃさいくれることあるいくらないよういても、どくしゃしないぶんしょうもくてきことできない

がくせいレポートで、②それいちばんよくわかるなにしろていしゅつすうおおのですべてかんぜんかいしようとしてことのうある結局けっきょくさいしょすうこうあるいはぜんたいわたどうかがひょうおおえいきょうするこれは、じょうていしゅつするかくしょや、コンペ(注1)おうするていあんしょなどでもまったくおなある

そので、ひとさそぶんしょうあるどうかはじゅうようある。では、とはなにそれこそシナジーこうある

ちゅうりゃく

どくしゃりきあたらこと発見はっけんすることえんなかなかむずかむしろぶんこうていふかぶんせきし、どくしゃ一緒いっしょかんがという姿せいこともっとじゅうようあるどくしゃあたかんぜんかいとうなくても、かいとうひたむき姿せいしめことできればのだということあるごまかしなくこうもてあそ(注2)おおいえばちょしゃじんせいかんしめことで、しんじつせまというどくしゃつうのであるごとぶんしょうけいぶんしょうは、一般いっぱんこういうぎょうかんようかんがいるが、それではかんそう(注3)きょうしょぶんしょうなりひとこころとどいくらじんの③のうとども、こころとどものしなくなり結局けっきょくどくしゃのうにもとどなる

みつのりけい発想はっそうぶんしょうじゅつによる

ちゅう1)コンペここでは、ごとらいさきえらためかくきょうそうさせるもの

ちゅう2)もてあそここでは、ひつようないのにむやみ使つか

ちゅう3)かんそうの:あじなくてつまらない

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1シナジー効果とあるが、読者にとってのシナジー効果とはどのようなものか。
  2. 2それが一番よくわかるとあるが、何が一番よくわかるのか。
  3. 3脳に届いても、心に届かないとはどういうことか。
  4. 4理系の文章の書き手はどのような姿勢を持つべきだと筆者は述べているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary17 words
  • 読者どくしゃ
    • ·reader
    N1
  • 合致がっち
    • ·agreement; concurrence; conformance; compliance
    N1
  • 記述きじゅつ
    • ·description; account
    N1
  • 下がるさがるAs it appears here: 下がり
    • ·to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower
    • ·to hang; to dangle
    • ·to move back; to step back; to withdraw; to retire
    • ·to deteriorate; to fall off; to be downgraded
    • ·to get closer to the present day
    • ·to play a sagari; to extend downwards
    N1
  • 事柄ことがら
    • ·matter; thing; affair; circumstance
    N1
  • 無知むち
    • ·ignorance; innocence; stupidity
    N1
  • 達成たっせい
    • ·achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization
    N1
  • 果たすはたす
    • ·to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to fulfill; to fulfil; to realize; to execute; to perform; to do
    • ·to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
    N1
  • 見渡すみわたすAs it appears here: 見渡して
    • ·to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
    N1
  • 上司じょうし
    • ·(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
    N1
  • 応募おうぼ
    • ·application; subscription; entry (competition, raffle, etc.); enlistment
    N1
  • 思考しこう
    • ·thought; consideration; thinking
    N1
  • 大げさおおげさ
    • ·exaggerated; overdone; overblown; hyperbolic; bombastic; grandiose
    N1
  • 真実しんじつ
    • ·truth; reality
    • ·truly; really
    • ·absolute truth
    N1
  • のう
    • ·brain
    • ·brains; mind
    N1
  • 企画きかく
    • ·planning; plan; project; arrangements
    N1
  • 味わいあじわい
    • ·flavour; flavor; taste
    • ·charm; appeal; interest; meaning; significance
    N1
Other levels124 words
  • 文章ぶんしょう
    • ·writing; composition; essay; article; passage; prose; (writing) style
    • ·sentence
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持って
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 読むよむ
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知りたい
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 読むよむAs it appears here: 読み
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できれば
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • 持つもつ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • いくら
    • ·how much
    • ·something over; and something; -odd
    • ·however (much); no matter how
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いって
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえるAs it appears here: 覚えて
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • 少ないすくない
    • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知り
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなく
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 読むよむAs it appears here: 読んで
    • ·to read
    • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
    • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
    • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
    • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
    • ·to count; to estimate
    • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
    N5
  • 書くかくAs it appears here: 書かれて
    • ·to write; to compose; to pen
    • ·to draw; to paint
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しない
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 学生がくせい
    • ·student (esp. a university student)
    N5
  • 一番いちばん
    • ·number one; first; first place
    • ·best; most
    • ·game; round; bout
    • ·as a test; as an experiment; by way of experiment; by way of trial; tentatively
    • ·song (e.g. in noh); piece
    N5
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • わかる
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しよう
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • 意味いみ
    • ·meaning; significance; sense
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • 良いよい
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いえば
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なり
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させる
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 使うつかう
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • つまらない
    • ·dull; uninteresting; boring; tedious
    • ·insignificant; unimportant; trifling; trivial; worthless
    • ·absurd; foolish; silly; stupid
    • ·useless; pointless; disappointing
    N5
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • たとえば
    • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
    N4
  • てん
    • ·dot; spot; point; speck; mark
    • ·mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points
    • ·point (in a game); score; goal; run
    • ·point
    • ·point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint
    • ·(punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot
    • ·"dot" stroke (in a Chinese character)
    • ·counter for points, marks, goals, etc.
    • ·counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.
    N4
  • もし
    • ·if; in case; supposing
    N4
  • 以上いじょう
    • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
    • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
    • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
    • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
    • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
    N4
  • なくなるAs it appears here: なくなり
    • ·to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing
    • ·to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to be reduced to zero; to not occur any more
    • ·to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
    N4
    • ·spirit; mind; heart
    • ·nature; disposition
    • ·intention; mind; will; motivation
    • ·mood; feelings
    • ·consciousness
    • ·care; attention; consideration; worry
    • ·interest
    • ·(the) air; atmosphere
    • ·ambience; atmosphere (of); air (of); mood
    • ·fragrance; aroma; flavour; taste
    • ·qi (in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine); chi; ki
    N4
  • 大事だいじ
    • ·important; serious; crucial
    • ·valuable; precious
    • ·serious matter; major incident; matter of grave concern; crisis
    • ·great undertaking; great enterprise; great thing
    • ·safe; OK
    N4
  • 最初さいしょ
    • ·beginning; outset; first; onset
    N4
  • 深いふかいAs it appears here: 深く
    • ·deep
    • ·profound
    • ·dense; thick
    • ·close (relationship)
    • ·intense; strong
    • ·late
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えよう
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 向かうむかう
    • ·to face
    • ·to go towards; to head towards
    N4
  • 気持ちきもち
    • ·feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
    • ·preparedness; readiness; attitude
    • ·thought; sentiment; consideration; solicitude; gratitude
    • ·slightly; a bit; a little
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えられて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • こころ
    • ·mind; heart; spirit
    • ·the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
    N4
  • 選ぶえらぶ
    • ·to choose; to select; to pick (out)
    N4
  • 競争きょうそう
    • ·competition; contest; rivalry; race
    • ·competition (between organisms or species)
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 明確めいかく
    • ·clear; precise; definite; distinct
    N3
  • 目的もくてき
    • ·purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
    N3
  • 応じるおうじるAs it appears here: 応じて
    • ·to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for
    N3
  • 与えるあたえる
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 内容ないよう
    • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
    N3
  • 評価ひょうか
    • ·valuation; appraisal; evaluation; assessment; estimation; rating; judging
    • ·appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement; rating highly; praising
    N3
  • 調査ちょうさ
    • ·investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
    N3
  • 著者ちょしゃ
    • ·author (usu. of a particular book); writer
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 発見はっけん
    • ·discovery; detection; finding
    N3
  • 最高さいこう
    • ·best; supreme; wonderful; finest
    • ·highest; maximum; most; uppermost; supreme
    N3
  • 知識ちしき
    • ·knowledge; information
    N3
  • 喜びよろこび
    • ·joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing; congratulations; felicitations
    N3
  • あるいは
    • ·or; either ... or
    • ·maybe; perhaps; possibly
    • ·some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
    N3
  • 効果こうか
    • ·effect; effectiveness; efficacy; result
    • ·effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
    N3
  • 合計ごうけい
    • ·sum total; total amount
    N3
  • 常につねに
    • ·always; constantly; at all times; habitually
    N3
  • 意識いしき
    • ·consciousness
    • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
    • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
    N3
  • 解決かいけつ
    • ·settlement; solution; resolution
    N3
  • あたる
    • ·to be hit; to strike
    • ·to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed
    • ·to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to
    • ·to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
    • ·to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win
    • ·to be successful; to go well; to be a hit
    • ·to face; to confront
    • ·to lie (in the direction of)
    • ·to undertake; to be assigned
    • ·to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted
    • ·to be called on (e.g. by a teacher)
    • ·to treat (esp. harshly); to lash out at
    • ·to be unnecessary
    • ·to be hitting well; to be on a hitting streak
    • ·to feel a bite (in fishing)
    • ·(of fruit, etc.) to be bruised; to spoil
    • ·to feel (something) out; to probe into; to check (i.e. by comparison)
    • ·to shave
    • ·to be a relative of a person; to be a ... in relation to ...; to stand in a relationship
    N3
  • むしろ
    • ·rather; better; instead; if anything
    N3
  • 一方いっぽう
    • ·one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party
    • ·on the one hand; on the other hand
    • ·whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn
    • ·just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only
    N3
  • 素晴らしいすばらしい
    • ·wonderful; splendid; magnificent; amazing; superb
    • ·exceeding; incredible; remarkable; striking; immense
    N3
  • 提出ていしゅつ
    • ·presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
    N3
  • すう
    • ·several; a few; a number of
    • ·number; quantity; amount
    • ·counting; calculation; figures; numbers
    • ·number; numeral; figure
    • ·number
    • ·destiny; fate; outcome; course of events; trend
    N3
  • すべて
    • ·everything; all; the whole
    • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
    N3
  • 完全かんぜん
    • ·perfect; complete
    N3
  • 理解りかい
    • ·understanding; comprehension; appreciation
    • ·sympathy
    N3
  • 結局けっきょく
    • ·after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually
    • ·conclusion; end
    • ·end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
    N3
  • 全体ぜんたい
    • ·whole; entirety
    • ·to begin with; in the first place
    • ·... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?")
    N3
  • 起こるおこる
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • 大いにおおいに
    • ·very; very much; greatly; considerably; highly; exceedingly; a great deal; a lot; to one's heart's content
    N3
  • 影響えいきょう
    • ·influence; effect; impact
    N3
  • まったく
    • ·really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly
    • ·indeed
    • ·good grief
    N3
  • 誘うさそう
    • ·to invite; to ask (someone to do); to call (for); to take (someone) along
    • ·to tempt; to lure; to entice; to seduce
    • ·to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy); to provoke
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • 分析ぶんせき
    • ·analysis
    N3
  • 最ももっとも
    • ·most; extremely
    N3
  • 示すしめす
    • ·to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent
    • ·to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
    • ·to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display
    N3
  • 通じるつうじる
    • ·to be open (to traffic); to lead (to); to connect (to); to run (from, between; e.g. bus service); to extend (up to); to go (to); to reach
    • ·to flow (of a liquid, current, etc.); to pass (through); to get through (e.g. of a signal); to connect (e.g. of a call); to work (of a phone line)
    • ·to be conveyed (of an intention, meaning, etc.); to be understood (by); to be comprehended; to get across (e.g. of an idea)
    • ·to be well versed (in); to be proficient (in); to know a lot (about); to be familiar (with)
    • ·to be widespread; to be commonly known; to be prevalent
    • ·to have an effect; to work; to be on par (with)
    • ·to communicate secretly (with the enemy); to conspire (with); to betray
    • ·to have an affair (with); to have an illicit relationship; to be intimate (with)
    • ·to be relevant (to); to concern
    • ·to have bowel movement; to (be able to) defacate
    • ·to convey (an intention, feeling, etc.); to get (something) across; to communicate; to make (someone) understand
    • ·to give out (e.g. a business card); to hand out (a name card)
    • ·to do via (something); to go through (someone); to do by using
    • ·to span the entirety (of); to concern (all of); to extend (all across)
    N3
  • 教科書きょうかしょ
    • ·textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
    N3
  • 届くとどくAs it appears here: 届かない
    • ·to reach; to touch; to get to; to carry (of sound)
    • ·to be delivered; to arrive
    • ·to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to be thorough
    • ·to be realized (of a desire); to be fulfilled; to get through (to someone); to be appreciated; to make an impression
    N3
  • 届くとどくAs it appears here: 届いて
    • ·to reach; to touch; to get to; to carry (of sound)
    • ·to be delivered; to arrive
    • ·to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to be thorough
    • ·to be realized (of a desire); to be fulfilled; to get through (to someone); to be appreciated; to make an impression
    N3
  • 届くとどくAs it appears here: 届かなく
    • ·to reach; to touch; to get to; to carry (of sound)
    • ·to be delivered; to arrive
    • ·to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to be thorough
    • ·to be realized (of a desire); to be fulfilled; to get through (to someone); to be appreciated; to make an impression
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • きっかけ
    • ·chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus; occasion
    N2
  • 姿勢しせい
    • ·posture; pose; position; stance; carriage (of the body)
    • ·attitude; approach; stance
    N2
  • なにしろ
    • ·in any case; at any rate; anyhow; anyway; as you know; for you see; particularly
    • ·because; since; for; after all
    N2
  • 過程かてい
    • ·process; course; mechanism
    N2
  • 解答かいとう
    • ·answer; solution
    N2
  • 迫るせまるAs it appears here: 迫ろう
    • ·to approach; to draw near; to be imminent
    • ·to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
    N2
  • 発想はっそう
    • ·idea; conception
    • ·way of thinking; approach
    • ·expression
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • 何しろ(なにしろ)N1

    Adverb emphasizing an overriding reason or circumstance, "after all", "at any rate", "the thing is ...".

    なにしろ提出数が多いので、すべてを完全に理解しようとして読むことは不可能である。

    There are simply too many submissions to read every one of them with the aim of understanding it completely.

Other levels34 patterns
  • に応じてN2

    Expresses that something varies or is adjusted in accordance with the preceding condition; 'depending on / in response to'.

    理系の文章は明確な目的を持っている場合が多いので、その目的に応じて読者は文章を読む。

    Scientific and technical writing often has a clear purpose, so readers approach it according to that purpose.

  • あるいはN22 times in this passage

    Presents an alternative or a possibility — 'or; or perhaps; alternatively'.

    言い換えると、読者が新しい知識を発見する喜びを支援する、あるいはそのきっかけとなる文章こそが、100点以上の評価となる。

    In other words, a text that helps readers experience the joy of discovering new knowledge, or provides the opportunity for such discovery, deserves a score of more than 100.

  • からといってN2

    Concedes a reason but denies the conclusion normally drawn from it — 'just because ~ doesn't mean ~'.

    いくら仕事や理系の文章だからといって「AはBだ、覚えておけ」という姿勢の文章では読者の満足感は少ない。

    Even in business or scientific writing, a text written with the attitude “A is B, so remember it” gives readers little satisfaction.

  • に向かってN2

    Indicates the direction, goal, or target that motion or an action is aimed at; 'toward / facing'.

    読者に与える完全な解答はなくても、解答に向かうひたむきな姿勢を示すことができれば良いのだということである。

    In other words, even if one cannot offer the reader a complete answer, it is enough to show a sincere, wholehearted effort to work toward one.

  • ためにN33 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    このため、目的に合致した文章は満足感を読者に与える。

    Therefore, a text that fulfills its purpose gives readers a sense of satisfaction.

  • 例えば(たとえば)N3

    Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

    たとえば、「東京都の交通渋滞に関する調査報告書」はそれを知りたい人が読み、その内容が過不足なく記述されていれば100点の評価となる。

    For example, a “Survey Report on Traffic Congestion in Tokyo” will be read by people who want that information, and if its contents are described fully, with neither excess nor omission, it will earn a score of 100.

  • に関する/に関してN3

    Marks the topic that the following statement concerns or relates to; "regarding, concerning, about."

    たとえば、「東京都の交通渋滞に関する調査報告書」はそれを知りたい人が読み、その内容が過不足なく記述されていれば100点の評価となる。

    For example, a “Survey Report on Traffic Congestion in Tokyo” will be read by people who want that information, and if its contents are described fully, with neither excess nor omission, it will earn a score of 100.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    しかし、もし著者と読者のあいだで、その文章を媒体として記述されていること以上の事柄が発見できれば、読者にとって最高の満足感となる。

    However, if the author and reader can use the text as a medium to discover something beyond what is explicitly written, that gives the reader the greatest satisfaction.

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    しかし、もし著者と読者のあいだで、その文章を媒体として記述されていること以上の事柄が発見できれば、読者にとって最高の満足感となる。

    However, if the author and reader can use the text as a medium to discover something beyond what is explicitly written, that gives the reader the greatest satisfaction.

  • こそN32 times in this passage

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    言い換えると、読者が新しい知識を発見する喜びを支援する、あるいはそのきっかけとなる文章こそが、100点以上の評価となる。

    In other words, a text that helps readers experience the joy of discovering new knowledge, or provides the opportunity for such discovery, deserves a score of more than 100.

  • と共に(とともに)N3

    Links two things that happen together or change at the same time — "together with; along with; as ~ does".

    それは著者と読者の①シナジー効果(二つのものから、それらの合計以上のものが生み出される効果)であり、それをもたらすには、著者は常に読者を意識し、読者とともに問題の解決にあたるという姿勢を持つことで文章に磨きがかかる。

    This is the ① synergy effect between author and reader—the effect whereby two things produce something greater than their combined total—and to bring it about, an author can refine the writing by always keeping the reader in mind and adopting an attitude of solving problems together with the reader.

  • というN34 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    それは著者と読者の①シナジー効果(二つのものから、それらの合計以上のものが生み出される効果)であり、それをもたらすには、著者は常に読者を意識し、読者とともに問題の解決にあたるという姿勢を持つことで文章に磨きがかかる。

    This is the ① synergy effect between author and reader—the effect whereby two things produce something greater than their combined total—and to bring it about, an author can refine the writing by always keeping the reader in mind and adopting an attitude of solving problems together with the reader.

  • むしろN32 times in this passage

    Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

    むしろ、読者は自分の無知を知り、自己嫌悪に陥り、一方、著者への親近感はなくなり、読む気がしなくなる。

    Rather, readers become aware of their own ignorance and fall into self-disgust, while at the same time losing any sense of affinity with the author and no longer feeling like reading.

  • ようとするN3

    Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.

    なにしろ提出数が多いので、すべてを完全に理解しようとして読むことは不可能である。

    There are simply too many submissions to read every one of them with the aim of understanding it completely.

  • 結局(けっきょく)N32 times in this passage

    Sums up the eventual outcome after a process or deliberation, 'in the end / after all'.

    結局、最初の数行を読んで、あるいは全体を見渡して、読む気が起こるかどうかが評価に大いに影響する。

    In the end, after reading the first few lines or surveying the whole piece, whether one feels inclined to continue reading has a major effect on the evaluation.

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    読者が自力で新しいことを発見することの支援はなかなか難しい。

    Helping readers discover something new on their own is quite difficult.

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    読者に与える完全な解答はなくても、解答に向かうひたむきな姿勢を示すことができれば良いのだということである。

    In other words, even if one cannot offer the reader a complete answer, it is enough to show a sincere, wholehearted effort to work toward one.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (三木光範『理系発想の文章術』による

    (From Miki Mitsunori, “The Art of Writing with a Scientific Mindset”)

  • 〜ておくN4

    Verb te-form plus 置く, doing something in advance as preparation or leaving it done for later — 'do ... in advance'.

    いくら仕事や理系の文章だからといって「AはBだ、覚えておけ」という姿勢の文章では読者の満足感は少ない。

    Even in business or scientific writing, a text written with the attitude “A is B, so remember it” gives readers little satisfaction.

  • がするN42 times in this passage

    With a perception noun (sound, smell, taste, feeling), expresses that such a sensation occurs — 'there is a smell/sound', 'I sense that'.

    むしろ、読者は自分の無知を知り、自己嫌悪に陥り、一方、著者への親近感はなくなり、読む気がしなくなる。

    Rather, readers become aware of their own ignorance and fall into self-disgust, while at the same time losing any sense of affinity with the author and no longer feeling like reading.

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    文章の目的を達成するために大事なことは、読者が最後まで読んでくれることである。

    What matters in achieving a text’s purpose is getting the reader to read it through to the end.

  • てもN43 times in this passage

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    いくら素晴らしい内容が書かれていても、読者が読む気のしない文章は目的を果たすことができない。

    No matter how excellent its content may be, a text that readers do not feel like reading cannot fulfill its purpose.

  • かどうかN42 times in this passage

    Embeds a yes/no question inside a larger sentence — 'whether or not', 'if ... or not'.

    結局、最初の数行を読んで、あるいは全体を見渡して、読む気が起こるかどうかが評価に大いに影響する。

    In the end, after reading the first few lines or surveying the whole piece, whether one feels inclined to continue reading has a major effect on the evaluation.

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    これは、上司に提出する企画書や、コンペに応募する提案書などでもまったく同じである。

    Exactly the same applies to project plans submitted to a supervisor or proposals entered in a competition.

  • させるN4

    Causative construction — make or let someone do an action ('make/let ~ do').

    (注1)コンペ:ここでは、仕事の依頼先を選ぶために企画を競争させるもの

    (Note 1) Competition: here, a process in which proposals compete in order to select whom to commission for a job

  • 〜のにN4

    Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

    (注2)弄ぶ:ここでは、必要でないのにむやみに使う

    (Note 2) To toy with: here, to use something excessively even though it is unnecessary

  • 〜ているN55 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    理系の文章は明確な目的を持っている場合が多いので、その目的に応じて読者は文章を読む。

    Scientific and technical writing often has a clear purpose, so readers approach it according to that purpose.

  • のでN53 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    理系の文章は明確な目的を持っている場合が多いので、その目的に応じて読者は文章を読む。

    Scientific and technical writing often has a clear purpose, so readers approach it according to that purpose.

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    たとえば、「東京都の交通渋滞に関する調査報告書」はそれを知りたい人が読み、その内容が過不足なく記述されていれば100点の評価となる。

    For example, a “Survey Report on Traffic Congestion in Tokyo” will be read by people who want that information, and if its contents are described fully, with neither excess nor omission, it will earn a score of 100.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、もし著者と読者のあいだで、その文章を媒体として記述されていること以上の事柄が発見できれば、読者にとって最高の満足感となる。

    However, if the author and reader can use the text as a medium to discover something beyond what is explicitly written, that gives the reader the greatest satisfaction.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    文章の目的を達成するために大事なことは、読者が最後まで読んでくれることである。

    What matters in achieving a text’s purpose is getting the reader to read it through to the end.

  • 〜ことができるN52 times in this passage

    States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

    いくら素晴らしい内容が書かれていても、読者が読む気のしない文章は目的を果たすことができない。

    No matter how excellent its content may be, a text that readers do not feel like reading cannot fulfill its purpose.

  • の中で[A]が一番(のなかで[A]がいちばん)N5

    Singles out the top member of a group — 'of all …, X is the most / best'.

    学生のレポートで、②それが一番よくわかる。

    ② This can be seen most clearly in student reports.

  • 一緒に(いっしょに)N5

    Indicates doing something jointly with someone or something else — "together (with)".

    むしろ、自分の思考過程を深く分析し、読者と一緒に考えようという姿勢を持つことが最も重要である。

    Rather, what is most important is to analyze one’s own thought process deeply and adopt an attitude of thinking together with the reader.

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