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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #459
2

ていねんそなぎょうけんしゅうりょうに<「ぶん―「ごと=?>あるのをかいしゃひとすじはたらきたひとにはきびせつもんなあ、とおもことある

じつかいしゃにんげんだっおおさかゆうじんこのせつもんに「ゼロや」としょうしてていねんきんきょうはな

にょうぼうすると、ワシ(注)もんからすっかりいやてるよ」。

こういうていねんていしゅを「きょうワシぞく」とのだそうだが、いまさぞかしワシぞくはびこっていることだろうとおもきや、けんきゅうしょの「ていねんまえていねんというほんこんな調査結果ちょうさけっかおさいた

すうはぶが、ごといたひとほうが、そうないひとていねんしゃかいかつどうにもずっとかんいるというないようで、ようかいしゃにんげんほどていねんよくてきというぶんせきだ。

かれしゃかいかつどうは、こうゆうかんけいひろによっているようで、うえしょくにんなったりNPOボランティアいきかつどうたずさいるもとぎんこういんはじめしゅようケースいろいろしょうかいされている

ぜんあれゆうりょくぎんこうてんちょうあったか、ていねん退たいしょくしたたんねんじょうげきげんするなど一変いっぺんしたじょうきょうそうしつかんおぼみずかいのちというはなしことある

これなどきょくたんケースとしても、<「かいしゃ」のためがんかんは、「しゃかい」のためがんかんがっするかもしれない>とぶんせきされるさき調査結果ちょうさけっかなどは、かいしゃにんげんの「」に②あたらてんもたらすものだろう。

こんどうかつしげしあわせトンボかいしゃにんげんの「」』2007ねん11つき14づけまいにちしんぶんゆうかんによる

ちゅうワシわたし

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1筆者の友人が、<「自分」―「仕事」=?>という設問に「ゼロや」と答えたそうだが、それはどのような意味か。
  2. 2「ワシも族」とは、どのような人たちのことか。
  3. 3新しい視点をもたらすとは、どのようなことか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary9 words
  • 定年ていねん
    • ·(compulsory) retirement age; age limit
    • ·(compulsory) retirement (on reaching retirement age); mandatory retirement
    • ·minimum years of service at a particular rank before eligibility for promotion (in the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy)
    N1
  • 一筋ひとすじ
    • ·one line; one stretch (e.g. of road); one strand (e.g. of hair); one beam (e.g. of light); one ray; one length (e.g. of rope)
    • ·earnest; resolute; intent; devoted; single-minded
    • ·one bloodline; one clan
    • ·ordinary; common
    N1
  • 携わるたずさわるAs it appears here: 携わって
    • ·to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
    N1
  • 有力ゆうりょく
    • ·influential; prominent; leading
    • ·strong; powerful; likely; plausible; promising; convincing; substantial
    N1
  • 一変いっぺん
    • ·complete change; about-face
    N1
  • 絶つたつAs it appears here: 絶った
    • ·to sever; to cut off
    • ·to suppress; to eradicate; to exterminate
    • ·to abstain (from); to give up
    N1
  • 極端きょくたん
    • ·extreme; extremity
    N1
  • 合致がっち
    • ·agreement; concurrence; conformance; compliance
    N1
  • 視点してん
    • ·point of view; viewpoint; angle; perspective
    • ·visual point (position of the eye in calculations of optical instruments)
    N1
Other levels75 words
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • 仕事しごと
    • ·work; job; labor; labour; business; task; assignment; occupation; employment
    • ·work
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here: 見て
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 会社かいしゃ
    • ·company; corporation; firm
    • ·one's workplace
    N5
  • 働くはたらくAs it appears here: 働いて
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • ゼロぜろ
    • ·zero; 0; nought; nil
    • ·nothing; zilch
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 話すはなす
    • ·to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
    • ·to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
    • ·to speak (a language)
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 行くいく
    • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
    • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
    • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
    • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
    • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
    • ·to stream; to flow
    • ·to die; to pass away
    • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
    • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
    • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
    • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
    • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
    N5
  • 言ういう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • もん
    • ·gate
    • ·branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school
    • ·phylum; division
    • ·counter for cannons
    N5
  • まえ
    • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
    • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
    • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
    • ·forward; ahead
    • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
    • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
    • ·portion; helping
    • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
    • ·privates; private parts
    • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
    N5
  • 持つもつAs it appears here: 持って
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれるAs it appears here: 生まれて
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なったり
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • はじめ
    • ·beginning; start; outset; opening
    • ·first (in line, etc.)
    • ·origin
    • ·such as ...; not to mention ...
    N5
  • いろいろ
    • ·various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
    • ·variously; in various ways; in many ways
    • ·various things; this and that
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • あれ
    • ·that; that thing
    • ·that person
    • ·then; that time
    • ·that place (over there)
    • ·down there (i.e. one's genitals)
    • ·period; menses
    N5
  • 銀行ぎんこう
    • ·bank; banking institution
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえるAs it appears here: 覚え
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞いた
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • さき
    • ·point; tip; end; nozzle
    • ·head (of a line); front
    • ·first; before; ahead (of)
    • ·(the way) ahead; beyond
    • ·future
    • ·previous; prior; former; recent; last
    • ·destination; address; place where you do something
    • ·rest (e.g. of a story); continuation; remaining part
    • ·the other party
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 厳しいきびしい
    • ·severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless
    • ·hard (to do); difficult; tricky
    • ·intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather); inclement
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思った
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思い
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 紹介しょうかい
    • ·introduction; presentation; referral; showcase (of a product)
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 備えるそなえるAs it appears here: 備えた
    • ·to furnish with; to equip with; to provide; to install
    • ·to prepare for; to make preparations for; to make provision for
    • ·to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with; to be equipped with
    • ·to be born with; to have since birth
    N3
  • 企業きぎょう
    • ·enterprise; business; company; corporation
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 事実じじつ
    • ·fact; truth; reality
    N3
  • 友人ゆうじん
    • ·friend
    N3
    • ·after
    N3
  • 恐怖きょうふ
    • ·fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare; panic
    N3
  • 収めるおさめるAs it appears here: 収められて
    • ·to put (into); to put away (in); to put back (in); to keep (in); to store (in); to restore (to its place)
    • ·to include (in an anthology, catalogue, etc.); to contain; to publish (in); to capture (on film)
    • ·to achieve (results, success, etc.); to obtain; to get; to gain; to win; to make (a profit)
    • ·to pay (fees, taxes, etc.); to deliver; to supply
    • ·to accept (a gift or money)
    • ·to keep (within a limit)
    • ·to offer (to a shrine, deity, etc.); to dedicate
    • ·to subdue; to suppress; to settle
    • ·to finish; to conclude; to wind up; to bring to a close
    N3
  • 数字すうじ
    • ·numeral; digit; numeric character
    • ·figure; number
    • ·a few characters
    N3
  • 省くはぶく
    • ·to omit; to leave out; to exclude; to eliminate
    • ·to curtail; to save; to cut down; to economize; to economise
    N3
  • ほう
    • ·direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
    • ·side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
    • ·type; category
    • ·field (of study, etc.)
    • ·indicates one side of a comparison
    • ·way; method; manner; means
    • ·length (of each side of a square)
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じて
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • 内容ないよう
    • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
    N3
  • 要するにようするに
    • ·in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
    N3
  • 分析ぶんせき
    • ·analysis
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 地域ちいき
    • ·area; region; district; locality
    N3
  • 活動かつどう
    • ·activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation
    • ·moving picture
    N3
  • もと
    • ·origin; source; beginning
    • ·basis; base; foundation; root
    • ·cause
    • ·(raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock
    • ·(one's) side
    • ·capital; principal; cost price
    • ·root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
    • ·part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
    • ·first three lines of a waka
    • ·counter for plants or trees
    • ·counter for falcons (in falconry)
    N3
  • 以前いぜん
    • ·before; prior to; ago
    • ·the past; before; previously; former times
    N3
  • 途端とたん
    • ·just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
    N3
  • 状況じょうきょう
    • ·state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
    N3
  • いのち
    • ·life; life force
    • ·lifetime; lifespan
    • ·most important thing; foundation; core
    • ·paired tattoos of the "life" kanji on the upper arms of a man and woman (indicating unwavering love)
    • ·fate; destiny; karma
    N3
  • しあわせ
    • ·happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
    N3
  • つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • 日付ひづけ
    • ·date; dating
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 研修けんしゅう
    • ·training (esp. in-service); induction course
    N2
  • 資料しりょう
    • ·material; materials; data; information; documents
    N2
  • 女房にょうぼう
    • ·wife (esp. one's own wife)
    • ·court lady; female court attache; woman who served at the imperial palace
    • ·woman (esp. as a love interest)
    N2
  • 出掛けるでかけるAs it appears here: 出掛けよう
    • ·to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to start; to set out
    • ·to be about to leave; to be just going out
    N2
  • 嫌がるいやがるAs it appears here: 嫌がられ
    • ·to appear uncomfortable (with); to seem to hate; to express dislike
    N2
  • 植木うえき
    • ·garden plant; garden tree
    • ·potted plant
    N2
  • 職人しょくにん
    • ·craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
    N2
  • 夕刊ゆうかん
    • ·evening edition (of a daily newspaper); evening paper
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • さぞN1

    Adverb 'surely, no doubt', empathetically conjecturing how someone must feel, usually closing with 〜だろう / 〜でしょう.

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた。

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

  • かと思いきやN1

    Introduces an outcome contrary to what one had assumed — 'just when you'd think ~, but actually ~'.

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた。

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

Other levels21 patterns
  • 要するにN2

    restates the preceding point concisely as a summary, 'in short / to sum up / in a word'

    数字は省くが、仕事に生きがいを持っていた人のほうが、そうでない人より定年後の社会活動にもずっと生きがいを感じているという内容で、要するに、会社人間ほど定年後も意欲的という分析だ。

    Leaving aside the figures, the survey showed that people who had found a sense of purpose in their work were much more likely than those who had not to find purpose in social activities after retirement; in short, the analysis suggested that the more someone had been a “company person,” the more active they tended to be after retirement.

  • としてもN2

    Concessive hypothetical attached to a plain form; 'even if / even supposing (that)'.

    これなどは極端なケースだとしても、<「会社」のために頑張る価値観は、「社会」のために頑張る価値観と合致するかもしれない>と分析される先の調査結果などは、会社人間の「その後」に②新しい視点をもたらすものだろう。

    Even if such a case is extreme, the survey findings discussed above—analyzed as suggesting that <“the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for one's ‘company’ may coincide with the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for ‘society’”>—may provide ② a new perspective on what happens “afterward” to people who have lived as company men.

  • とすれば・としたら・とするとN3

    'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

    「女房が出掛けようとすると、ワシも行くと言うもんやから、すっかり嫌がられてるよ」。

    “Whenever my wife is about to go out, I say I'm coming too, so now she's completely fed up with me.”

  • というN36 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    「女房が出掛けようとすると、ワシも行くと言うもんやから、すっかり嫌がられてるよ」。

    “Whenever my wife is about to go out, I say I'm coming too, so now she's completely fed up with me.”

  • によって/によるN32 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    彼らの社会活動の生きがいは、交友関係の広がりによって生まれているようで、植木職人になったり、NPOやボランティア、地域活動に携わっている元銀行員をはじめ、多種多様なケースがいろいろ紹介されている。

    Their sense of purpose in social activities seems to arise from expanding their personal relationships, and the book introduces a wide variety of cases, including former bank employees who became gardeners or became involved in NPOs, volunteer work, and community activities.

  • をはじめN3

    Cites X as the foremost representative example of a larger group — 'starting with X (among others)', 'X and the like'.

    彼らの社会活動の生きがいは、交友関係の広がりによって生まれているようで、植木職人になったり、NPOやボランティア、地域活動に携わっている元銀行員をはじめ、多種多様なケースがいろいろ紹介されている。

    Their sense of purpose in social activities seems to arise from expanding their personal relationships, and the book introduces a wide variety of cases, including former bank employees who became gardeners or became involved in NPOs, volunteer work, and community activities.

  • ためにN32 times in this passage

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    これなどは極端なケースだとしても、<「会社」のために頑張る価値観は、「社会」のために頑張る価値観と合致するかもしれない>と分析される先の調査結果などは、会社人間の「その後」に②新しい視点をもたらすものだろう。

    Even if such a case is extreme, the survey findings discussed above—analyzed as suggesting that <“the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for one's ‘company’ may coincide with the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for ‘society’”>—may provide ② a new perspective on what happens “afterward” to people who have lived as company men.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    定年に備えた企業の研修資料に<「自分」―「仕事」=?>とあるのを見て、会社一筋に働いてきた人には厳しい設問だなあ、と思ったことがある。

    Once, in company training materials designed to prepare employees for retirement, I saw the question <“Self” − “Work” = ? > and thought that it was a harsh question for people who had devoted their entire working lives to their companies.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    定年に備えた企業の研修資料に<「自分」―「仕事」=?>とあるのを見て、会社一筋に働いてきた人には厳しい設問だなあ、と思ったことがある。

    Once, in company training materials designed to prepare employees for retirement, I saw the question <“Self” − “Work” = ? > and thought that it was a harsh question for people who had devoted their entire working lives to their companies.

  • そうだN4

    Reports information the speaker heard from another source, attached to a plain form — "I hear that…, they say…, apparently."

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた。

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

  • 〜ていたN42 times in this passage

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    数字は省くが、仕事に生きがいを持っていた人のほうが、そうでない人より定年後の社会活動にもずっと生きがいを感じているという内容で、要するに、会社人間ほど定年後も意欲的という分析だ。

    Leaving aside the figures, the survey showed that people who had found a sense of purpose in their work were much more likely than those who had not to find purpose in social activities after retirement; in short, the analysis suggested that the more someone had been a “company person,” the more active they tended to be after retirement.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    彼らの社会活動の生きがいは、交友関係の広がりによって生まれているようで、植木職人になったり、NPOやボランティア、地域活動に携わっている元銀行員をはじめ、多種多様なケースがいろいろ紹介されている。

    Their sense of purpose in social activities seems to arise from expanding their personal relationships, and the book introduces a wide variety of cases, including former bank employees who became gardeners or became involved in NPOs, volunteer work, and community activities.

  • などN43 times in this passage

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    以前、あれは有力銀行の支店長であったか、定年退職した途端、年賀状も激減するなど一変した状況に喪失感を覚え、自ら命を絶ったという話を聞いたことがある。

    I once heard of a man—if I remember correctly, he had been a branch manager at a major bank—who, immediately after retirement, felt a profound sense of loss as his circumstances changed drastically, with even the number of New Year's cards he received dropping sharply, and ultimately took his own life.

  • かもしれないN4

    Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

    これなどは極端なケースだとしても、<「会社」のために頑張る価値観は、「社会」のために頑張る価値観と合致するかもしれない>と分析される先の調査結果などは、会社人間の「その後」に②新しい視点をもたらすものだろう。

    Even if such a case is extreme, the survey findings discussed above—analyzed as suggesting that <“the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for one's ‘company’ may coincide with the values that make it worthwhile to work hard for ‘society’”>—may provide ② a new perspective on what happens “afterward” to people who have lived as company men.

  • なあN5

    Sentence-ending particle that voices emotion, admiration, or a wish, like "..., isn't it!" or "I wish...".

    定年に備えた企業の研修資料に<「自分」―「仕事」=?>とあるのを見て、会社一筋に働いてきた人には厳しい設問だなあ、と思ったことがある。

    Once, in company training materials designed to prepare employees for retirement, I saw the question <“Self” − “Work” = ? > and thought that it was a harsh question for people who had devoted their entire working lives to their companies.

  • 〜たことがあるN52 times in this passage

    States that the speaker has had the experience of doing something at some point — “have done (before)”.

    定年に備えた企業の研修資料に<「自分」―「仕事」=?>とあるのを見て、会社一筋に働いてきた人には厳しい設問だなあ、と思ったことがある

    Once, in company training materials designed to prepare employees for retirement, I saw the question <“Self” − “Work” = ? > and thought that it was a harsh question for people who had devoted their entire working lives to their companies.

  • 〜ているN55 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた。

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    こういう定年亭主を「恐怖のワシも族」と言うのだそうだが、今やさぞかし①「ワシも族」がはびこっていることだろうと思いきや、ニッセイ基礎研究所の「定年前・定年後」という本にこんな調査結果が収められていた。

    Such retired husbands are apparently called the frightening “‘Me too’ tribe,” and I assumed that ① this “‘Me too’ tribe” must now be rampant, but a book titled “Before and After Retirement” by the NLI Research Institute contained the following survey results.

  • より〜ほうがN5

    Expresses comparison or preference — 'B is more ... than A / would rather B' (A より B のほうが).

    数字は省くが、仕事に生きがいを持っていた人のほうが、そうでない人より定年後の社会活動にもずっと生きがいを感じているという内容で、要するに、会社人間ほど定年後も意欲的という分析だ。

    Leaving aside the figures, the survey showed that people who had found a sense of purpose in their work were much more likely than those who had not to find purpose in social activities after retirement; in short, the analysis suggested that the more someone had been a “company person,” the more active they tended to be after retirement.

  • 〜たり〜たりN5

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    彼らの社会活動の生きがいは、交友関係の広がりによって生まれているようで、植木職人になったり、NPOやボランティア、地域活動に携わっている元銀行員をはじめ、多種多様なケースがいろいろ紹介されている。

    Their sense of purpose in social activities seems to arise from expanding their personal relationships, and the book introduces a wide variety of cases, including former bank employees who became gardeners or became involved in NPOs, volunteer work, and community activities.

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