• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• それ
  • ·that; it
  • ·then; that point (in time); that time
  • ·there
  • ·you
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 同じおなじ
  • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
  • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• あるAs it appears here: あります
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• するAs it appears here: します
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• よいAs it appears here: よければ
  • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
  • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
  • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
  • ·easy to ...
  N5
• 走るはしるAs it appears here: 走ります
  • ·to run
  • ·to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to travel; to move; to sail
  • ·to rush (to); to dash; to race
  • ·to retreat; to flee; to defect (to)
  • ·to run away; to abscond; to elope
  • ·to flash (of lightning); to streak; to shoot (through; e.g. of pain); to run (through); to flare; to flit (e.g. across one's face); to spread quickly (of news, shock, etc.)
  • ·to go (e.g. bad, to extremes); to become; to turn; to take to (e.g. crime); to get carried away by (e.g. one's emotions); to get involved in; to get wrapped up in
  • ·to run (through; of a road, street, etc.); to extend (e.g. of a mountain range); to stretch; to lie
  N5
• 二に
  • ·two; 2
  N5
• 一いち
  • ·one; 1
  • ·best
  • ·first; foremost
  • ·beginning; start
  • ·a (single); one (of many)
  • ·ace
  • ·bottom string (on a shamisen, etc.)
  N5
• 八日ようか
  • ·8th day of the month
  • ·eight days
  N5
• 受けるうけるAs it appears here: 受け
  • ·to receive; to get
  • ·to catch (e.g. a ball)
  • ·to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
  • ·to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
  • ·to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
  • ·to be given (e.g. life, talent)
  • ·to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)
  • ·to follow; to succeed; to be descended from
  • ·to face (south, etc.)
  • ·to be modified by
  • ·to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee
  • ·to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 始めるはじめるAs it appears here: 始め
  • ·to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
  • ·to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish
  • ·to start ...; to begin to ...
  N4
• 育てるそだてるAs it appears here: 育てて
  • ·to raise; to rear; to bring up
  • ·to train; to teach; to educate
  • ·to promote the growth of; to nurture; to foster; to develop
  N4
• 社会しゃかい
  • ·society; public; community; the world
  • ·social studies
  N4
• 皆みな
  • ·everyone; everybody; all
  • ·everything; all
  N4
• 生きものいきもの
  • ·living thing; living creature; animal; life
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 影響えいきょう
  • ·influence; effect; impact
  N3
• 都市とし
  • ·town; city; municipal; urban
  N3
• 文明ぶんめい
  • ·civilization; civilisation; culture
  • ·Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
  N3
• 基本きほん
  • ·basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
  N3
• 利益りえき
  • ·profit; gains
  • ·benefit; advantage; good; interests (e.g. of society)
  • ·grace (of God, Buddha, etc., esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing; miracle
  N3
• 結果けっか
  • ·result; consequence; outcome; effect
  • ·as a result of ...; as a consequence of ...; after ...; following ...
  • ·bearing fruit; fruiting
  N3
• 祖先そせん
  • ·ancestor
  N2
• 生存せいぞん
  • ·existence; being; life; survival
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• によって/によるN32 times in this passage

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  環境変化による影響を受けにくくするため、私たちの祖先は集団生活を始め、都市を築き文明を育ててきました。

  To make themselves less vulnerable to environmental change, our ancestors began living in groups, built cities, and developed civilization.

• ためにN32 times in this passage

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  環境変化による影響を受けにくくするため、私たちの祖先は集団生活を始め、都市を築き文明を育ててきました。

  To make themselves less vulnerable to environmental change, our ancestors began living in groups, built cities, and developed civilization.

• 〜ばいいN3

  Offers a suggestion or solution via the conditional plus いい, "you should ~ / it'd be good to just ~."

  しかし、生存が既定のものと思うようになると、自分さえよければいいという自己利益の最大化に走ります。

  But once survival comes to be taken for granted, people rush to maximize their own interests, thinking only of themselves.

• というN3

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  しかし、生存が既定のものと思うようになると、自分さえよければいいという自己利益の最大化に走ります。

  But once survival comes to be taken for granted, people rush to maximize their own interests, thinking only of themselves.

• 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  生きものは危機と遭遇しそれを乗り切ることで進化してきました。

  Living things have evolved by encountering crises and overcoming them.

• にくいN4

  Attaches to a verb stem to say an action is hard to perform, 'difficult to ~ / hard to ~.'

  環境変化による影響を受けにくくするため、私たちの祖先は集団生活を始め、都市を築き文明を育ててきました。

  To make themselves less vulnerable to environmental change, our ancestors began living in groups, built cities, and developed civilization.

• と思う（とおもう）N4

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  しかし、生存が既定のものと思うようになると、自分さえよければいいという自己利益の最大化に走ります。

  But once survival comes to be taken for granted, people rush to maximize their own interests, thinking only of themselves.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  しかし、生存が既定のものと思うようになると、自分さえよければいいという自己利益の最大化に走ります。

  But once survival comes to be taken for granted, people rush to maximize their own interests, thinking only of themselves.

• だ / ですN52 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  人間社会も同じです。

  Human society is the same.

• しかしN5

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし、生存が既定のものと思うようになると、自分さえよければいいという自己利益の最大化に走ります。

  But once survival comes to be taken for granted, people rush to maximize their own interests, thinking only of themselves.