• これ
  • ·this; this one
  • ·this person
  • ·now; this point (in time)
  • ·here
  • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
  • ·I; me
  N5
• 次つぎ
  • ·next; following; subsequent
  • ·stage; station
  N5
• うえ
  • ·above; over; up
  • ·top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase)
  • ·surface; on (top of)
  • ·the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part
  • ·superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class)
  • ·elder; older; senior
  • ·with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk)
  • ·besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ...
  • ·after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ...
  • ·since ...; now that ...; because ...
  • ·honorable; venerable; dear
  • ·emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
  N5
• 辞書じしょ
  • ·dictionary; lexicon
  • ·letter of resignation
  N5
• するAs it appears here: され
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• わかるAs it appears here: わからない
  • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
  • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
  • ·I know!; I think so too!
  N5
• ことば
  • ·language; dialect
  • ·word; phrase; expression; term
  • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
  • ·words; remark; statement; comment
  • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
  N5
• できる
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• 入れるいれるAs it appears here: 入れて
  • ·to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)
  • ·to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire
  • ·to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to
  • ·to include
  • ·to pay (one's rent, etc.)
  • ·to cast (a vote)
  • ·to make (tea, coffee, etc.)
  • ·to turn on (a switch, etc.)
  • ·to send (a fax); to call
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なりました
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 手て
  • ·hand; arm
  • ·forepaw; foreleg
  • ·handle
  • ·hand; worker; help
  • ·trouble; care; effort
  • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
  • ·hand; handwriting
  • ·kind; type; sort
  • ·one's hands; one's possession
  • ·ability to cope
  • ·hand (of cards)
  • ·direction
  • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できない
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• ページぺーじ
  • ·page
  • ·nth page; page ...
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なった
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 読むよむ
  • ·to read
  • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
  • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
  • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
  • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
  • ·to count; to estimate
  • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
  N5
• 方かた
  • ·direction; way
  • ·person; lady; gentleman
  • ·method of; manner of; way of
  • ·care of ...
  • ·person in charge of ...
  • ·side (e.g. "on my mother's side")
  N5
• 楽しめるたのしめるAs it appears here: 楽しめます
  • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
  N5
• 学生がくせい
  • ·student (esp. a university student)
  N5
• 時間じかん
  • ·time
  • ·hour
  • ·period; class; lesson
  N5
• 早いはやい
  • ·fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt
  • ·early; soon; earlier than usual
  • ·premature; too soon; too early
  • ·easy; simple; quick; fast
  • ·as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
  N5
• 意味いみ
  • ·meaning; significance; sense
  N5
• いう
  • ·to say; to utter; to declare
  • ·to name; to call
  • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使い
  • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  • ·to use (language); to speak
  N5
• 分かるわかるAs it appears here: 分かられて
  • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
  • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
  • ·I know!; I think so too!
  N5
• 引くひくAs it appears here: 引いたり
  • ·to pull; to tug; to lead (e.g. a horse)
  • ·to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest)
  • ·to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to pull in
  • ·to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
  • ·to draw (a line, plan, etc.)
  • ·to catch (a cold)
  • ·to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)
  • ·to look up (in a dictionary, phone book, etc.); to consult; to check
  • ·to haul; to pull (vehicles)
  • ·to subtract; to deduct
  • ·to recede; to ebb; to fade
  • ·to be descend from; to inherit (a characteristic)
  • ·to quote; to cite; to raise (as evidence)
  • ·to lay on (electricity, gas, etc.); to install (e.g. a telephone); to supply (e.g. water)
  • ·to hold (e.g. a note)
  • ·to apply (e.g. lipstick); to oil (e.g. a pan); to wax (e.g. a floor)
  • ·to move back; to draw back; to recede; to fall back; to retreat
  • ·to lessen; to subside; to ebb; to go down (e.g. of swelling)
  • ·to resign; to retire; to quit
  • ·to be put off (by someone's words or behaviour); to be turned off; to recoil (in disgust, etc.); to cringe
  • ·to draw back; to pull back; to retreat
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なります
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 生まれるうまれるAs it appears here: 生まれた
  • ·to be born
  N5
• 今いま
  • ·now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately
  • ·another; more
  N5
• 名前なまえ
  • ·name
  • ·given name; first name
  N5
• ここ
  • ·here; this place
  • ·this point; here; now
  • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
  • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
  N5
• 書くかくAs it appears here: 書いて
  • ·to write; to compose; to pen
  • ·to draw; to paint
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• 伝えるつたえるAs it appears here: 伝えて
  • ·to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
  N4
• 通れるとおれるAs it appears here: 通れない
  • ·to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of
  • ·to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to connect
  • ·to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in
  • ·to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through
  • ·to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout
  • ·to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far
  • ·to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed
  • ·to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted
  • ·to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for
  • ·to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense
  • ·to get across (e.g. of one's point); to be understood
  • ·to pass for; to come across as; to seem like
  • ·to be straight (e.g. wood grain)
  • ·to be well-informed; to be wise
  • ·to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly
  N4
• 形かたち
  • ·(physical) form; shape; figure
  • ·visage; (facial) features; appearance (of a person); figure; looks
  • ·form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); style; (outward) appearance
  • ·(resultant) state; situation; condition; form
  • ·behaviour (towards others); attitude; demeanor; manners
  • ·shape (positional qualities of a group of stones)
  N4
• 利用りよう
  • ·use; utilization; utilisation; application
  N4
• 楽しみたのしみ
  • ·enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; delight; joy; fun; diversion; hobby
  • ·anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
  N4
• 気き
  • ·spirit; mind; heart
  • ·nature; disposition
  • ·intention; mind; will; motivation
  • ·mood; feelings
  • ·consciousness
  • ·care; attention; consideration; worry
  • ·interest
  • ·(the) air; atmosphere
  • ·ambience; atmosphere (of); air (of); mood
  • ·fragrance; aroma; flavour; taste
  • ·qi (in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine); chi; ki
  N4
• 調べるしらべる
  • ·to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study; to inquire; to search
  N4
• じゅうぶん
  • ·enough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory
  • ·sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly
  • ·division into ten
  N4
• 最近さいきん
  • ·recently; lately; these days; nowadays; right now
  • ·nearest; closest
  N4
• 研究けんきゅう
  • ·research; study; investigation
  N4
• 僕ぼく
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  • ·manservant
  N4
• 行うおこなうAs it appears here: 行った
  • ·to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
  N4
• 大学生だいがくせい
  • ·university student; college student
  N4
• 避けるさけるAs it appears here: 避けて
  • ·to avoid (physical contact with)
  • ·to avoid (situation); to evade (question, subject); to shirk (one's responsibilities)
  • ·to ward off; to avert
  • ·to put aside; to move out of the way
  N3
• すでに
  • ·already
  • ·previously; before
  • ·undeniably; unmistakably; in the first place
  N3
• 情報じょうほう
  • ·information; news; report; intelligence
  • ·information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.)
  • ·informatics (as a subject)
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 眺めるながめるAs it appears here: 眺めて
  • ·to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
  • ·to look out over; to get a view of; to admire (e.g. the scenery)
  • ·to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch; to observe
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 気付かすきづかすAs it appears here: 気付かされます
  • ·to notice; to realize; to realise; to become aware (of); to perceive; to sense; to suspect
  • ·to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
  N3
• 単にたんに
  • ·simply; merely; only; solely
  N3
• 用いるもちいるAs it appears here: 用いた
  • ·to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
  N3
• 単語たんご
  • ·word; vocabulary
  N3
• 率りつ
  • ·rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
  N3
• 行動こうどう
  • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
  N3
• 調査ちょうさ
  • ·investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
  N3
• 印刷いんさつ
  • ·printing
  N3
• 意外いがい
  • ·unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
  N3
• したがうAs it appears here: したがって
  • ·to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow; to observe; to conform to; to yield to
  • ·to follow (a person); to accompany; to go with
  • ·to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
  • ·to serve (as); to engage in (work)
  N3
• 魅力みりょく
  • ·charm; fascination; glamour; glamor; attraction; appeal
  N3
• 語るかたるAs it appears here: 語って
  • ·to talk about; to speak of; to tell; to narrate
  • ·to recite; to chant
  • ·to indicate; to show
  N3
• とき
  • ·time; hour; moment
  • ·occasion; case
  • ·chance; opportunity; season
  • ·the times; the age; the day
  • ·tense
  N3
• 囲むかこむAs it appears here: 囲まれて
  • ·to surround; to encircle; to enclose; to fence; to wall in
  • ·to besiege; to lay siege to
  • ·to play (go, shogi, etc.)
  N3
• 育つそだつAs it appears here: 育った
  • ·to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 膨大ぼうだい
  • ·huge; vast; enormous; colossal; extensive; large
  • ·swelling; expansion
  N2
• 書籍しょせき
  • ·book; publication
  N2
• 味わうあじわう
  • ·to taste; to savor; to savour; to relish
  • ·to appreciate; to enjoy; to relish; to digest
  • ·to experience; to go through; to taste (e.g. victory); to know (e.g. pain)
  N2
• 解説かいせつ
  • ·explanation; commentary; exposition; elucidation
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• にしたがってN2

  Expresses that one thing changes in step with another, or that an action follows a rule or instruction, 'in accordance with / as ~ progresses'.

  パソコンとネットを使いこなす理工系学生でも、アンダーラインを引いたり、使いこなすにしたがってカスタマイズできる印刷辞書の魅力を語っている。

  Even science and engineering students who are highly proficient with computers and the Internet talk about the appeal of printed dictionaries, which they can underline and gradually customize to suit themselves as they use them.

• 上でN3

  Completes one action as the basis for the next, or does something in the course of an activity — 'after ~ing / in the process of'.

  私たち日本人がこれまで培ってきた日本語を次の世代に伝えていくうえで、国語辞典のデジタル化は避けて通れない課題です。

  In order to pass on to the next generation the Japanese language that we Japanese have cultivated over the years, the digitization of Japanese-language dictionaries is an unavoidable task.

• というN35 times in this passage

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  辞書のデジタル化は「電子辞書」という形ですでに実用化され、多くの人が利用してきました。

  Dictionary digitization has already been put into practical use in the form of “electronic dictionaries,” which have been used by many people.

• すでにN3

  Adverb stating an action is 'already' done or a situation already holds.

  辞書のデジタル化は「電子辞書」という形ですでに実用化され、多くの人が利用してきました。

  Dictionary digitization has already been put into practical use in the form of “electronic dictionaries,” which have been used by many people.

• たものだN3

  recalls a past habitual action with fondness or nostalgia, 'used to (do)'.

  わからないことばを瞬時に検索できる電子辞書は「データ検索」というコンピューターの強みを生かしたもので、ことばに関する膨大な情報をポケットに入れて持ち歩けるようになりました。

  Electronic dictionaries, which allow unfamiliar words to be searched instantly, take advantage of computers' strength in “data searching,” making it possible to carry an enormous amount of information about words in one's pocket.

• に関する/に関してN3

  Marks the topic that the following statement concerns or relates to; "regarding, concerning, about."

  わからないことばを瞬時に検索できる電子辞書は「データ検索」というコンピューターの強みを生かしたもので、ことばに関する膨大な情報をポケットに入れて持ち歩けるようになりました。

  Electronic dictionaries, which allow unfamiliar words to be searched instantly, take advantage of computers' strength in “data searching,” making it possible to carry an enormous amount of information about words in one's pocket.

• にとってN3

  Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

  でも、書籍の大辞林を手にとって眺めていると、電子辞書では味わうことのできない楽しみがあることに気付かされます。

  But when you pick up and browse the printed Daijirin, you realize that it offers pleasures unavailable in an electronic dictionary.

• だけでなくN3

  Correlative adding a further item beyond the one stated — 'not only ... (but also)'.

  辞書は単にことばを調べるだけでなく、読み物としてもじゅうぶんに楽しめます。

  A dictionary is not merely for looking up words; it can also be thoroughly enjoyed as reading material.

• としてN3

  Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

  辞書は単にことばを調べるだけでなく、読み物としてもじゅうぶんに楽しめます。

  A dictionary is not merely for looking up words; it can also be thoroughly enjoyed as reading material.

• によると/によればN3

  Cites the source of reported/hearsay information, typically paired with a hearsay ending; 'according to'.

  最近の電子辞書研究によると、電子辞書を用いた学生は単語にたどり着く時間は早いが第一義の意味だけを読むことによる誤答率が高まるという。

  According to recent research on electronic dictionaries, students using them reach the word they are looking for more quickly, but their error rate rises because they read only the first definition.

• によって/によるN3

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  最近の電子辞書研究によると、電子辞書を用いた学生は単語にたどり着く時間は早いが第一義の意味だけを読むことによる誤答率が高まるという。

  According to recent research on electronic dictionaries, students using them reach the word they are looking for more quickly, but their error rate rises because they read only the first definition.

• 的（てき）N3

  A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

  「印刷辞書はマイ・デイクショナリーになりますから」という発言が象徴的だった。

  The remark “A printed dictionary becomes my own personal dictionary” was particularly symbolic.

• 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  私たち日本人がこれまで培ってきた日本語を次の世代に伝えていくうえで、国語辞典のデジタル化は避けて通れない課題です。

  In order to pass on to the next generation the Japanese language that we Japanese have cultivated over the years, the digitization of Japanese-language dictionaries is an unavoidable task.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  わからないことばを瞬時に検索できる電子辞書は「データ検索」というコンピューターの強みを生かしたもので、ことばに関する膨大な情報をポケットに入れて持ち歩けるようになりました。

  Electronic dictionaries, which allow unfamiliar words to be searched instantly, take advantage of computers' strength in “data searching,” making it possible to carry an enormous amount of information about words in one's pocket.

• ながらN4

  Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

  ページをぱらぱらとめくりながら、気になったことばの解説を読むという楽しみ方です。

  One such pleasure is flipping through the pages and reading the explanations of words that happen to catch your attention.

• ときN4

  Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

  生まれたときからデジタル機器に囲まれて育った今の学生でも、メディアの本質を見抜き使い分けているのである。

  Even today's students, who have grown up surrounded by digital devices since birth, understand the essential nature of each medium and use them accordingly.

• 方（かた）N4

  Attaches to a verb's masu-stem to name the manner or method of doing it, "way of / how to".

  （注3）カスタマイズする：ここでは、自分に都合のいい使い方ができるようにする

  (Note 3) カスタマイズする: here, to adapt something so that it can be used in a way convenient for oneself

• ようにするN4

  Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

  （注3）カスタマイズする：ここでは、自分に都合のいい使い方ができるようにする

  (Note 3) カスタマイズする: here, to adapt something so that it can be used in a way convenient for oneself

• までN5

  Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

  私たち日本人がこれまで培ってきた日本語を次の世代に伝えていくうえで、国語辞典のデジタル化は避けて通れない課題です。

  In order to pass on to the next generation the Japanese language that we Japanese have cultivated over the years, the digitization of Japanese-language dictionaries is an unavoidable task.

• だ / ですN52 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  私たち日本人がこれまで培ってきた日本語を次の世代に伝えていくうえで、国語辞典のデジタル化は避けて通れない課題です。

  In order to pass on to the next generation the Japanese language that we Japanese have cultivated over the years, the digitization of Japanese-language dictionaries is an unavoidable task.

• 〜ているN54 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  でも、書籍の大辞林を手にとって眺めていると、電子辞書では味わうことのできない楽しみがあることに気付かされます。

  But when you pick up and browse the printed Daijirin, you realize that it offers pleasures unavailable in an electronic dictionary.

• がありますN5

  States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

  でも、書籍の大辞林を手にとって眺めていると、電子辞書では味わうことのできない楽しみがあることに気付かされます。

  But when you pick up and browse the printed Daijirin, you realize that it offers pleasures unavailable in an electronic dictionary.

• だけN5

  Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

  最近の電子辞書研究によると、電子辞書を用いた学生は単語にたどり着く時間は早いが第一義の意味だけを読むことによる誤答率が高まるという。

  According to recent research on electronic dictionaries, students using them reach the word they are looking for more quickly, but their error rate rises because they read only the first definition.

• 〜たり〜たりN5

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  パソコンとネットを使いこなす理工系学生でも、アンダーラインを引いたり、使いこなすにしたがってカスタマイズできる印刷辞書の魅力を語っている。

  Even science and engineering students who are highly proficient with computers and the Internet talk about the appeal of printed dictionaries, which they can underline and gradually customize to suit themselves as they use them.

• のでN5

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  生まれたときからデジタル機器に囲まれて育った今の学生でも、メディアの本質を見抜き使い分けているのである。

  Even today's students, who have grown up surrounded by digital devices since birth, understand the essential nature of each medium and use them accordingly.

• 〜てあるN5

  Describes a state that persists because someone deliberately did something to bring it about — “has been done (and still is)”.

  （注2）第一義の：ここでは、一番目に書いてある

  (Note 2) 第一義の: here, the meaning written first