All passages
N1 · AdvancedLong passagePassage #452
2

まずきょういくとはなにということからかんがみようさしあたってぼくは、きょういくとは、を「しゃかいせいいん大人おとなとしてふさわしいそんざい」へとそだいくこと、とていしてみたい

どんなだいどんなしゃかいひとでも、大人おとなそだならなかったそのさいには、①しゃかいせいいんとしてふさわしいかたなにそうていされていてそれきょういくいとなみちびいたはずだ。

そのふさわしさ」は、おおふただろう。ひとは、はたらいけるためひつようのうりょくつまりのうみんならのうみんとしての、ぎょみんならぎょみんとしての、のうしきもうひとは、ひとびとのあいだでふさわしいふるまいができること――ほんてきルールまもひときょうりょくするたいせいとれることぶんあたやくわりそのせきにんとれることとうとうつまりしゃとのかんけいのうりょくある

ではげんだいしゃかいにおいては、どういうことが「大人おとなとしてふさわしい」のだろうか?きょういくねんこうちくするとは、このことあらためてかんがかつきょうゆうしようすることほか

だがこのきょうゆうということなかなかむずかしいそこには、しゃかいかたにんげんかたどのようものとしておもえがか、つまりは、ことしゃかいかん·にんげんかんさまざまはいしょうとつしてくるからだ。

たとえばぼくさいしょあげたきょういくとは、しゃかいせいいんとしてふさわしいそんざいすることだ」というていたいも、②はんぱつおぼひといるだろう。「それは、しゃかいてきたいどもするよくない発想はっそうだ。きょういくとはむしろどもしゅたいてきはんだんりょくそだものだ」というわけある

このけんしかし、「しゃかいちつじょただしたがだけなくしゅたいてきはんだんもとみずからじんせいつくりあげしゃかいかたをもはんてきけんとうするにんげんこそしゃかいせいいんとしてふさわしいというきんだいてきにんげんかんもとづいているこれまたしゃかいそくたい」の一種いっしゅだとざるえないそしてどもほうすればしゅたいてき·はんてきにんげんなるはずないからそのように「そだようしなくてならない

いずれせよきょういくというものは、しゃかい大人おとな)のそくどもたいもっとつよかたすればあるたねきょうせいからゆうではない、とぼくかんがじゅうようことは、「このしゃかいいちいんつまり大人おとなとしていくうえなにひつようじょうけんなのか」ということきちんとさだきょうゆうしたうえでのきょうせいあるどうか、というてんなのだ。

かり剛彦たけひこ·西にしけんかんがあうじゅつ――きょういくしゃかいてつがくするによる

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1社会の成員として「ふさわしい」あり方とはどのようなものか。
  2. 2教育理念を「共有」することがむずかしいのはなぜか。
  3. 3反発を覚える人の意見について、筆者はどのように考えているか。
  4. 4教育について、筆者の考えを表しているのはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary13 words
  • ふさわしい
    • ·appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
    N1
  • 定義ていぎ
    • ·definition
    N1
  • 導くみちびくAs it appears here: 導いて
    • ·to guide; to lead; to show the way; to conduct
    • ·to derive; to deduce
    N1
  • ふさわしいAs it appears here: ふさわし
    • ·appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
    N1
  • 技能ぎのう
    • ·technical skill; ability; capacity
    N1
  • 態勢たいせい
    • ·attitude; posture; preparedness; readiness
    N1
  • 果たすはたすAs it appears here: 果たし
    • ·to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to fulfill; to fulfil; to realize; to execute; to perform; to do
    • ·to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
    N1
  • かつ
    • ·and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
    N1
  • かん
    • ·look; appearance
    • ·spectacle; sight
    • ·observation meditation
    • ·outlook on ...; view of ...
    N1
  • 反発はんぱつ
    • ·opposition; rebellion; revolt; resistance; backlash; refusal
    • ·rebounding; recoiling; repulsion
    • ·rally (e.g. in stock prices); recovery
    N1
  • 秩序ちつじょ
    • ·order; discipline; regularity; system; method
    N1
  • 放置ほうち
    • ·leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving unattended; neglecting; abandoning
    N1
  • 強制きょうせい
    • ·compulsion; coercion; forcing (to do); enforcement
    N1
Other levels100 words
  • 大人おとな
    • ·adult; grown-up
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: ならなかった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 大きいおおきいAs it appears here: 大きく
    • ·big; large; great
    • ·loud
    • ·extensive; spacious
    • ·important; decisive; valuable
    • ·older; grown-up
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • 一つひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • 働くはたらくAs it appears here: 働いて
    • ·to work; to labor; to labour
    • ·to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
    • ·to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
    • ·to be conjugated
    N5
  • 食べるたべるAs it appears here: 食べて
    • ·to eat
    • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しよう
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • むずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • どの
    • ·which; what (way)
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • あげるAs it appears here: あげた
    • ·to raise; to elevate
    • ·to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf)
    • ·to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage)
    • ·to show someone (into a room); to let in (e.g. a guest)
    • ·to give
    • ·to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll; to send (one's child; e.g. to college)
    • ·to develop (talent, skill, etc.); to improve
    • ·to earn (something desirable); to achieve (e.g. a good result); to obtain
    • ·to promote (someone)
    • ·to complete; to finish
    • ·to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)
    • ·to raise (one's gaze); to lift up (one's face); to look up
    • ·to do up (one's hair)
    • ·to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
    • ·to praise; to commend; to flatter
    • ·to make do (with less expenses than expected); to cover expenses (with a given amount); to set costs
    • ·to finish (one's studies); to complete (a lesson); to pass (e.g. a class)
    • ·to upload (e.g. an image); to publish (on the internet); to post
    • ·to raise someone's spirits; to cheer someone up; to enhance a mood
    • ·(of the tide) to come in; to rise
    • ·to increase (of market price); to rise (of stock prices)
    • ·to vomit; to throw up
    • ·to do for (the sake of someone else)
    • ·to complete ...
    • ·to humbly do ...
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえる
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 子供こども
    • ·child; children
    N5
  • よいAs it appears here: よくない
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言わ
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなくて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: せよ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 強いつよい
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • うえ
    • ·above; over; up
    • ·top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase)
    • ·surface; on (top of)
    • ·the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part
    • ·superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class)
    • ·elder; older; senior
    • ·with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk)
    • ·besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ...
    • ·after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ...
    • ·since ...; now that ...; because ...
    • ·honorable; venerable; dear
    • ·emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • どう
    • ·how; in what way; how about
    N5
  • 西にし
    • ·west
    N5
  • 教育きょういく
    • ·education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
    • ·culture; cultivation; education
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • ぼく
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    • ·manservant
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 関係かんけい
    • ·relation; relationship; connection
    • ·participation; involvement; concern
    • ·influence; effect
    • ·sexual relations; sexual relationship
    • ·related to; connected to
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考え
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • たとえば
    • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
    N4
  • 最初さいしょ
    • ·beginning; outset; first; onset
    N4
  • 育てるそだてる
    • ·to raise; to rear; to bring up
    • ·to train; to teach; to educate
    • ·to promote the growth of; to nurture; to foster; to develop
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • 意見いけん
    • ·opinion; view; comment
    • ·scolding; reprimand; rebuke; admonition; cautioning; warning
    N4
  • 自由じゆう
    • ·freedom; liberty
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえる
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • てん
    • ·dot; spot; point; speck; mark
    • ·mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points
    • ·point (in a game); score; goal; run
    • ·point
    • ·point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint
    • ·(punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot
    • ·"dot" stroke (in a Chinese character)
    • ·counter for points, marks, goals, etc.
    • ·counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.
    N4
  • 技術ぎじゅつ
    • ·technology; engineering
    • ·technique; skill
    • ·art; craft
    N4
  • まず
    • ·first (of all); firstly; to begin with; before anything else
    • ·probably; most likely; almost certainly; virtually
    • ·more or less (satisfactory); on the whole; reasonably
    • ·anyway; at any rate; for now (at least); for the time being
    N3
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • さい
    • ·occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
    N3
  • 分けるわけるAs it appears here: 分けられる
    • ·to divide (into); to split (into); to part; to separate; to divide up; to classify; to sort out; to divide out
    • ·to share; to distribute; to deal out; to dish out
    • ·to distinguish; to discriminate; to differentiate (between)
    • ·to break up (a fight); to mediate
    • ·to call a draw; to tie
    • ·to push one's way through (a crowd)
    • ·to sell
    N3
  • 能力のうりょく
    • ·ability; faculty
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 農民のうみん
    • ·farmer; peasant
    N3
  • 知識ちしき
    • ·knowledge; information
    N3
  • 守るまもるAs it appears here: 守り
    • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
    • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
    N3
  • 協力きょうりょく
    • ·cooperation; collaboration; help; support
    N3
  • とれる
    • ·to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.)
    • ·to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to come out (of a stain); to come off (e.g. of dust); to be removed (e.g. of wrinkles)
    • ·to be harvested; to be picked; to be produced; to be caught (of fish); to be obtained; to be extracted
    • ·to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as); to be understood (as); to be read (as)
    • ·to be attained (of balance, harmony, etc.); to be achieved
    • ·to be able to get; to be able to obtain; to be able to secure; to be able to win; to be able to catch
    N3
  • 与えるあたえるAs it appears here: 与えられた
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 役割やくわり
    • ·part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
    N3
  • 責任せきにん
    • ·duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff)
    • ·liability; onus
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 異なることなるAs it appears here: 異なった
    • ·to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 衝突しょうとつ
    • ·collision; crash; impact; running into
    • ·clash; skirmish; conflict; discord; quarrel; brush
    N3
  • 期待きたい
    • ·expectation; anticipation; hope
    • ·promising; rising; up-and-coming
    N3
  • むしろ
    • ·rather; better; instead; if anything
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 従うしたがう
    • ·to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow; to observe; to conform to; to yield to
    • ·to follow (a person); to accompany; to go with
    • ·to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
    • ·to serve (as); to engage in (work)
    N3
  • 判断はんだん
    • ·judgment; judgement; decision; conclusion; adjudication
    • ·divination
    • ·judgement
    N3
  • もと
    • ·origin; source; beginning
    • ·basis; base; foundation; root
    • ·cause
    • ·(raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock
    • ·(one's) side
    • ·capital; principal; cost price
    • ·root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
    • ·part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
    • ·first three lines of a waka
    • ·counter for plants or trees
    • ·counter for falcons (in falconry)
    N3
  • 人生じんせい
    • ·(one's) life
    N3
  • 検討けんとう
    • ·consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny; discussion; analysis; review
    N3
  • もとづくAs it appears here: もとづいて
    • ·to be based (on); to be founded (on); to be grounded (on); to be in accordance (with)
    • ·to be due to; to come (from); to arise (from); to originate (in)
    N3
  • 一種いっしゅ
    • ·a kind; a sort; a variety; a species
    • ·of sorts; something of a; a sort of
    • ·sort of; somewhat
    N3
  • えるAs it appears here: えない
    • ·to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win
    • ·to understand; to comprehend
    • ·to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
    • ·to be able to ..., can ...
    N3
  • いずれ
    • ·which; where; who
    • ·all; both
    • ·anyway; anyhow; at any rate; in any case
    • ·sooner or later; one of these days; someday; before long; in due course; eventually
    N3
  • たね
    • ·seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; kernel; stone (e.g. of a peach)
    • ·progeny; offspring; issue; breed
    • ·paternal blood; lineage
    • ·sperm; semen; seed
    • ·cause; source; seed; origin
    • ·material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); subject (of discussion); theme; (news) copy; source (of a story)
    • ·ingredient; main ingredient (of a piece of sushi); leaven
    • ·mechanism (of a magic trick, etc.); secret; trickery
    • ·10-point card; tane; animal card
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • なに
    • ·what
    • ·you-know-what; that thing
    • ·whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name
    • ·penis; (one's) thing; dick
    • ·(not) at all; (not) in the slightest
    • ·what?; huh?
    • ·hey!; come on!
    • ·oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not)
    N3
  • 条件じょうけん
    • ·condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
    N3
  • 哲学てつがく
    • ·philosophy
    N3
  • あらためて
    • ·another time; again; over again; once again; anew
    • ·formally; especially; intentionally; deliberately
    N2
  • 発想はっそう
    • ·idea; conception
    • ·way of thinking; approach
    • ·expression
    N2
  • 寄せるよせる
    • ·to come near; to let someone approach
    • ·to bring near; to bring together; to collect; to gather
    • ·to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to contribute; to donate
    • ·to let someone drop by
    • ·to add (numbers)
    • ·to have feelings for (love, goodwill, trust, etc.)
    • ·to rely upon for a time; to depend on
    • ·to use as a pretext
    • ·to put aside
    • ·to press; to push; to force
    • ·to include; to welcome (in a group); to let in
    N2
Grammar5 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • ものとしてN1

    'On the assumption that…; treating it as (if)…', proceeding as though something were already the case.

    そこには、社会のあり方と人間の生き方をどのようなものとして思い描くか、つまりは、異なった社会観·人間観がさまざまに入り込み、衝突してくるからだ。

    This is because all kinds of differing views of society and humanity—different ideas of what society should be like and how people should live—enter into the discussion and collide with one another.

  • というわけだN1

    Presents the statement as the natural conclusion or explanation of what came before — "so that means...", "that's why...".

    教育とはむしろ、子供の主体的な判断力を育てるものだ」というわけである。

    Education should instead cultivate children's ability to make judgments for themselves.”

  • いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよN1

    Concludes that the point stands whichever option is true — 'in any case', 'either way', 'whatever happens'.

    いずれにせよ、教育というものは、社会(大人)の側が子供に寄せる期待、もっと強い言い方をすれば、ある種の強制から自由ではない、とぼくは考える。

    In any case, I believe education cannot be free from the expectations that society—that is, adults—places on children, or, to put it more strongly, from a certain degree of coercion.

  • というものN1

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    いずれにせよ、教育というものは、社会(大人)の側が子供に寄せる期待、もっと強い言い方をすれば、ある種の強制から自由ではない、とぼくは考える。

    In any case, I believe education cannot be free from the expectations that society—that is, adults—places on children, or, to put it more strongly, from a certain degree of coercion.

  • だの~だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    重要なことは、「この社会の一員、つまり大人として生きていくうえで何が必要な条件なのか」ということをきちんと見定め共有したうえでの強制であるかどうか、という点なのだ。

    What matters is whether that coercion is based on properly determining and sharing an understanding of “what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society—that is, as an adult.”

Other levels37 patterns
  • にほかならないN2

    Emphatically asserts something is precisely X and nothing else, "is nothing other than / is none other than".

    教育理念を構築するとは、このことをあらためて考え、かつ共有しようとすることに他ならない

    Constructing an educational philosophy is nothing other than reconsidering this question and trying to arrive at a shared understanding of it.

  • ということはN2

    Draws a logical conclusion or restatement from a preceding fact — "which means…, in other words…, that is to say…".

    だが、この「共有」ということはなかなかむずかしい。

    Yet achieving this “shared” understanding is far from easy.

  • の下でN2

    under the supervision, conditions, or influence of ~ — 'under ~', 'based on ~'

    この意見はしかし、「社会の秩序にただ従うだけでなく、主体的な判断のもとにみずからの人生をつくりあげ、社会のあり方をも批判的に検討する人間こそが社会の成員としてふさわしい」という近代的な人間観にもとづいている。

    Yet this opinion itself is based on a modern view of humanity: that “a person fit to be a member of society is someone who does not merely obey the social order, but builds their own life through independent judgment and critically examines society itself.”

  • ざるを得ないN2

    expresses being compelled by circumstances with no alternative, 'have no choice but to ~ / cannot help but ~'

    これもまた、社会の側が子どもたちに寄せる「期待」の一種だと言わざるをえない

    This too must be regarded as a kind of “expectation” that society places on children.

  • としてN38 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    さしあたってぼくは、教育とは、子どもを「社会の成員(大人)としてふさわしい存在」へと育て上げていくこと、と定義してみたい。

    For the time being, I would like to define education as the process of raising children into “people fit to be members of society—that is, adults.”

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    一つは、働いて食べていけるために必要な能力、つまり農民なら農民としての、漁民ならば漁民としての、技能や知識。

    One is the ability needed to work and support oneself: the skills and knowledge required of a farmer if one is a farmer, or of a fisher if one is a fisher.

  • つまりN34 times in this passage

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    一つは、働いて食べていけるために必要な能力、つまり農民なら農民としての、漁民ならば漁民としての、技能や知識。

    One is the ability needed to work and support oneself: the skills and knowledge required of a farmer if one is a farmer, or of a fisher if one is a fisher.

  • 的(てき)N36 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    もう一つは、他の人びとのあいだでふさわしいふるまいができること――基本的なルールを守り、他の人びとと協力する態勢をとれること、自分に与えられた役割を果たし、その責任をとれること等々、つまり、他者との関係能力である。

    The other is the ability to behave appropriately among other people—to observe basic rules, be prepared to cooperate with others, fulfill one's assigned role and take responsibility for it, and so on; in other words, the ability to relate to others.

  • において/におけるN3

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    では、現代社会においては、どういうことが「大人としてふさわしい」のだろうか?

    Then, in modern society, what does it mean to be “fit to be an adult”?

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    だが、この「共有」ということはなかなかむずかしい。

    Yet achieving this “shared” understanding is far from easy.

  • 例えば(たとえば)N3

    Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

    たとえば、ぼくが最初にあげた「教育とは、子どもを社会の成員としてふさわしい存在にすることだ」という定義に対しても、②反発を覚える人がいるだろう。

    For example, some people will probably feel ② resistance to my initial definition that “education means making children into people fit to be members of society.”

  • というN34 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    たとえば、ぼくが最初にあげた「教育とは、子どもを社会の成員としてふさわしい存在にすることだ」という定義に対しても、②反発を覚える人がいるだろう。

    For example, some people will probably feel ② resistance to my initial definition that “education means making children into people fit to be members of society.”

  • に対してN3

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    たとえば、ぼくが最初にあげた「教育とは、子どもを社会の成員としてふさわしい存在にすることだ」という定義に対しても、②反発を覚える人がいるだろう。

    For example, some people will probably feel ② resistance to my initial definition that “education means making children into people fit to be members of society.”

  • むしろN3

    Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

    教育とはむしろ、子供の主体的な判断力を育てるものだ」というわけである。

    Education should instead cultivate children's ability to make judgments for themselves.”

  • だけでなくN3

    Correlative adding a further item beyond the one stated — 'not only ... (but also)'.

    この意見はしかし、「社会の秩序にただ従うだけでなく、主体的な判断のもとにみずからの人生をつくりあげ、社会のあり方をも批判的に検討する人間こそが社会の成員としてふさわしい」という近代的な人間観にもとづいている。

    Yet this opinion itself is based on a modern view of humanity: that “a person fit to be a member of society is someone who does not merely obey the social order, but builds their own life through independent judgment and critically examines society itself.”

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    この意見はしかし、「社会の秩序にただ従うだけでなく、主体的な判断のもとにみずからの人生をつくりあげ、社会のあり方をも批判的に検討する人間こそが社会の成員としてふさわしい」という近代的な人間観にもとづいている。

    Yet this opinion itself is based on a modern view of humanity: that “a person fit to be a member of society is someone who does not merely obey the social order, but builds their own life through independent judgment and critically examines society itself.”

  • 上でN32 times in this passage

    Completes one action as the basis for the next, or does something in the course of an activity — 'after ~ing / in the process of'.

    重要なことは、「この社会の一員、つまり大人として生きていくうえで何が必要な条件なのか」ということをきちんと見定め共有したうえでの強制であるかどうか、という点なのだ。

    What matters is whether that coercion is based on properly determining and sharing an understanding of “what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society—that is, as an adult.”

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (苅谷剛彦·西研『考えあう技術――教育と社会を哲学する』による

    (Based on Kariya Takehiko and Nishi Ken, “The Art of Thinking Together—Philosophizing about Education and Society”)

  • ということN42 times in this passage

    Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

    まず、教育とは何か、ということから考えてみよう。

    First, let us begin by considering what education is.

  • 〜てみるN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.

    まず、教育とは何か、ということから考えてみよう。

    First, let us begin by considering what education is.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    さしあたってぼくは、教育とは、子どもを「社会の成員(大人)としてふさわしい存在」へと育て上げていくこと、と定義してみたい。

    For the time being, I would like to define education as the process of raising children into “people fit to be members of society—that is, adults.”

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    そのさいには、①社会の成員として「ふさわしい」あり方が何かしら想定されていて、それが教育の営みを導いていたはずだ。

    In doing so, some idea of what was ① “appropriate” for a member of society must have been assumed, and that idea would have guided the practice of education.

  • はずだN4

    Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

    そのさいには、①社会の成員として「ふさわしい」あり方が何かしら想定されていて、それが教育の営みを導いていたはずだ

    In doing so, some idea of what was ① “appropriate” for a member of society must have been assumed, and that idea would have guided the practice of education.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    そこには、社会のあり方と人間の生き方をどのようなものとして思い描くか、つまりは、異なった社会観·人間観がさまざまに入り込み、衝突してくるからだ。

    This is because all kinds of differing views of society and humanity—different ideas of what society should be like and how people should live—enter into the discussion and collide with one another.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    そこには、社会のあり方と人間の生き方をどのようなものとして思い描くか、つまりは、異なった社会観·人間観がさまざまに入り込み、衝突してくるからだ。

    This is because all kinds of differing views of society and humanity—different ideas of what society should be like and how people should live—enter into the discussion and collide with one another.

  • が必要(がひつよう)N4

    Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

    重要なことは、「この社会の一員、つまり大人として生きていくうえで何が必要な条件なのか」ということをきちんと見定め共有したうえでの強制であるかどうか、という点なのだ。

    What matters is whether that coercion is based on properly determining and sharing an understanding of “what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society—that is, as an adult.”

  • かどうかN4

    Embeds a yes/no question inside a larger sentence — 'whether or not', 'if ... or not'.

    重要なことは、「この社会の一員、つまり大人として生きていくうえで何が必要な条件なのか」ということをきちんと見定め共有したうえでの強制であるかどうか、という点なのだ。

    What matters is whether that coercion is based on properly determining and sharing an understanding of “what conditions are necessary to live as a member of this society—that is, as an adult.”

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    さしあたってぼくは、教育とは、子どもを「社会の成員(大人)としてふさわしい存在」へと育て上げていくこと、と定義してみたい

    For the time being, I would like to define education as the process of raising children into “people fit to be members of society—that is, adults.”

  • どんなN52 times in this passage

    Asks or specifies what kind or sort of thing something is, "what kind of".

    どんな時代、どんな社会の人びとでも、子どもを大人に育て上げなくてはならなかった。

    In every age and every society, people have had to raise children into adults.

  • 〜ているN52 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    そのさいには、①社会の成員として「ふさわしい」あり方が何かしら想定されていて、それが教育の営みを導いていたはずだ。

    In doing so, some idea of what was ① “appropriate” for a member of society must have been assumed, and that idea would have guided the practice of education.

  • だろうN53 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    その「ふさわしさ」は、大きく二つに分けられるだろう

    That “appropriateness” can broadly be divided into two kinds.

  • もうN5

    The adverb "already" (with an affirmative), or "(not) anymore / any longer" (with a negative).

    もう一つは、他の人びとのあいだでふさわしいふるまいができること――基本的なルールを守り、他の人びとと協力する態勢をとれること、自分に与えられた役割を果たし、その責任をとれること等々、つまり、他者との関係能力である。

    The other is the ability to behave appropriately among other people—to observe basic rules, be prepared to cooperate with others, fulfill one's assigned role and take responsibility for it, and so on; in other words, the ability to relate to others.

  • にするN5

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    たとえば、ぼくが最初にあげた「教育とは、子どもを社会の成員としてふさわしい存在にすることだ」という定義に対しても、②反発を覚える人がいるだろう。

    For example, some people will probably feel ② resistance to my initial definition that “education means making children into people fit to be members of society.”

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    この意見はしかし、「社会の秩序にただ従うだけでなく、主体的な判断のもとにみずからの人生をつくりあげ、社会のあり方をも批判的に検討する人間こそが社会の成員としてふさわしい」という近代的な人間観にもとづいている。

    Yet this opinion itself is based on a modern view of humanity: that “a person fit to be a member of society is someone who does not merely obey the social order, but builds their own life through independent judgment and critically examines society itself.”

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして子供を放置すれば主体的·批判的な人間になるはずもないから、そのように「育て上げ」ようとしなくてはならない。

    And since children will not simply become independent and critical people if left alone, we have to try to “raise” them to become that way.

  • なくてはならないN5

    Expresses obligation, often a rule or general necessity — 'must' / 'have to'.

    そして子供を放置すれば主体的·批判的な人間になるはずもないから、そのように「育て上げ」ようとしなくてはならない

    And since children will not simply become independent and critical people if left alone, we have to try to “raise” them to become that way.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    いずれにせよ、教育というものは、社会(大人)の側が子供に寄せる期待、もっと強い言い方をすれば、ある種の強制から自由ではない、とぼくは考える。

    In any case, I believe education cannot be free from the expectations that society—that is, adults—places on children, or, to put it more strongly, from a certain degree of coercion.

Share:

Comments