All passages
N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #441
2

げんざいあんていするしゃかいにおけるさまざまリスクじんちょくげきしていますかつてあれじんぞくしゅうだんしきが、リスクのをささくれましたところがいまではそのようささたいすることむずかなっていますげんだいにおけるびょうどうじんたんあらわですしかもそのあいあんまんかかひとびとは、おなたちようおももったひとびとれんたいすることが①けっしてようではありませんそとからどれほどきょうつうけいこうもんだいでも、ひとじんにはどうしてもわたし〉のもんだいしまうからです

ちゅうりゃく

びょうどうしゃかいじんは、それぞれぶんの〈わたし〉のしきもっていますそのいえばだれひとしゃそのそんざいていされるほどよわありませんもししゃかいぶんそんざいみとならぎゃくぶんそのようしゃかいみとというのが、げんだいにおけるじんてんけいてきしきいえるでしょう。はんめん、②そのようじんぶんひとかんけつできるほどにはつよありませんぶんが[どうるい]のうちひとこといたほどかくしているびょうどうしゃかいじんは、それゆえしゃつねにしきざるえないです

そうだとすればひとゆうな〈わたし〉にこだわりつつそれでもみずかかんぜんせいかんいるじんにとってぶんぶんかくにんするためにもしゃひつようはずですそのあいしゃとは、ぶんまわいてそうしょうにんあたようしゃばかりなくみずかやくわりあたくれるしゃかいまたじゅうようしゃほかなりません

しげるただし『〈わたしだいデモクラシーによる

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1けっして容易ではありませんとあるが、なぜか。
  2. 2そのような個人とはどのような個人か。
  3. 3平等化社会を生きる〈私〉にとって他者とは何か。

Study this passage

Vocabulary7 words
  • かつて
    • ·once; before; formerly; ever; former; ex-
    • ·never yet; never before; first time; still not happened
    N1
  • 受け止めるうけとめる
    • ·to catch; to stop the blow
    • ·to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept; to come to grips with
    N1
  • 連帯れんたい
    • ·solidarity
    • ·joint; collective
    N1
  • 自覚じかく
    • ·self-consciousness; self-awareness
    N1
  • 固有こゆう
    • ·characteristic (of); peculiar (to); inherent (in); endemic; unique (to); native (to); intrinsic
    • ·eigen-
    N1
  • こだわるAs it appears here: こだわり
    • ·to be obsessive (about); to be overly concerned (with); to fuss (over); to worry too much (about); to be picky (about); to be hung up (on); to stick to
    • ·to be particular (about); to pay special attention (to); to be fastidious (about); to insist (on); to be uncompromising
    • ·to get stuck; to be obstructed
    N1
  • 日々ひび
    • ·daily; everyday
    • ·days (e.g. of one's youth)
    • ·every day; day after day; day by day; from day to day
    N1
Other levels82 words
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いま
    • ·now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately
    • ·another; more
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしいAs it appears here: 難しく
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 置くおくAs it appears here: 置かれ
    • ·to put; to place
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
    • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
    • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
    • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
    • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
    • ·to separate spatially or temporally
    • ·to do something in advance
    • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もった
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: ありません
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • そと
    • ·outside; exterior
    • ·the open (air)
    • ·other place; somewhere else; outside one's group (family, company, etc.)
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here: 見れば
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here: 見られる
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もって
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 意味いみ
    • ·meaning; significance; sense
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いえば
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 弱いよわいAs it appears here: 弱く
    • ·weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 強いつよいAs it appears here: 強く
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • 一人ひとり
    • ·one person
    • ·being alone; being by oneself
    • ·being single; being unmarried
    • ·by oneself; alone
    • ·just; only; simply
    N5
  • 痛いいたい
    • ·painful; sore
    • ·cringy; embarrassing
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いて
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • 似るにるAs it appears here: 似た
    • ·to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
    N4
  • けっして
    • ·(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
    N4
  • 見えるみえるAs it appears here: 見えて
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • もし
    • ·if; in case; supposing
    N4
  • うち
    • ·inside; within
    • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
    • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
    • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
    • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
    • ·we; our company; our organization
    • ·one's home; one's family
    • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
    • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
    • ·I; me
    • ·imperial palace grounds
    • ·emperor
    N4
  • 過ぎるすぎるAs it appears here: 過ぎない
    • ·to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to have expired; to have ended; to be over
    • ·to exceed; to surpass; to be above
    • ·to be no more than ...
    • ·to be excessive; to be too much; to be too ...
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • 現在げんざい
    • ·the present; present time; now
    • ·as of
    • ·present tense
    • ·this world; this life
    • ·to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 個人こじん
    • ·individual; private person; personal; private
    • ·natural person
    N3
  • 集団しゅうだん
    • ·group; mass
    N3
  • 組織そしき
    • ·organization; organisation; formation
    • ·structure; construction; setup; constitution
    • ·system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.)
    • ·tissue
    • ·texture (of a rock)
    • ·weave (of a fabric)
    N3
  • 支えるささえるAs it appears here: 支えて
    • ·to support; to prop; to sustain; to underlay; to hold up; to defend
    • ·to hold at bay; to stem; to check
    N3
  • ところが
    • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 期待きたい
    • ·expectation; anticipation; hope
    • ·promising; rising; up-and-coming
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 現代げんだい
    • ·present age; present day; today
    • ·modern era; modern times
    N3
  • 単位たんい
    • ·unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.); denomination
    • ·unit (i.e. one comprised of many); group; whole
    • ·credit (in school, university, etc.); point
    • ·by the ...; in units of ...; in groups of ...; in amounts of ...; each ...; by ...; every...
    N3
  • 現れるあらわれる
    • ·to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
    • ·to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
    N3
  • しかも
    • ·moreover; furthermore
    • ·nevertheless; and yet
    N3
  • 不安ふあん
    • ·anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense
    N3
  • 不満ふまん
    • ·dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
    N3
  • 抱えるかかえるAs it appears here: 抱えた
    • ·to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to carry under one's arm; to hold (one's head) in one's hands
    • ·to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to be burdened with (e.g. care of a family member); to have (children, etc.) to provide for
    • ·to employ; to have (on one's staff); to hire
    N3
  • 立場たちば
    • ·position; situation
    • ·viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
    N3
  • 容易ようい
    • ·easy; simple; plain
    N3
  • 共通きょうつう
    • ·common; shared; mutual
    • ·to be common (to); to be shared (by)
    • ·-wide
    N3
  • 傾向けいこう
    • ·tendency; trend; inclination
    N3
  • どうしても
    • ·by all means; at any cost; no matter what; at any rate; surely
    • ·whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; willy-nilly
    • ·on no account; by no means
    • ·in the end; in the long run; after all; eventually
    N3
  • 平等びょうどう
    • ·equality; impartiality; evenness
    N3
  • 意識いしき
    • ·consciousness
    • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
    • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • 否定ひてい
    • ·denial; negation; repudiation; disavowal
    • ·negation
    • ·NOT operation
    N3
  • ほど
    • ·extent; degree; measure
    • ·limit; bounds
    • ·(span of) time
    • ·(a) distance
    • ·the state of; the status of; the condition of
    • ·about; around; approximately; or so
    • ·as much as ...; to the extent of ...; like ...
    • ·the more ... the more ...
    N3
  • 認めるみとめるAs it appears here: 認めない
    • ·to recognize; to recognise; to observe; to notice
    • ·to deem; to judge; to assess
    • ·to approve; to deem acceptable; to allow
    • ·to admit; to accept; to confess (to a charge)
    • ·to watch steadily; to observe carefully
    • ·to renown; to give renown to; to appreciate; to acknowledge
    N3
  • つねに
    • ·always; constantly; at all times; habitually
    N3
  • えるAs it appears here: えない
    • ·to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win
    • ·to understand; to comprehend
    • ·to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
    • ·to be able to ..., can ...
    N3
  • それでも
    • ·but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じて
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • 確認かくにん
    • ·confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation; identification
    N3
  • 承認しょうにん
    • ·recognition; acknowledgement; acknowledgment; approval; consent; agreement
    N3
  • 与えるあたえるAs it appears here: 与え
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 位置いち
    • ·place; position; location
    • ·position; standing; status; situation
    N3
  • 役割やくわり
    • ·part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
    N3
  • 与えるあたえるAs it appears here: 与えて
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • 相互そうご
    • ·mutual; reciprocal
    N2
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • かつてN1

    Refers to a time in the past, or with a negative predicate means 'never before' — 'once,' 'formerly.'

    かつてであれば個人の属する集団や組織が、リスクを受け止めるのを支えてくれました。

    In the past, the groups and organizations to which individuals belonged helped them absorb those risks.

  • をもって / をもちましてN1

    Formal marker of the means used, or the effective time from/at which something takes effect — 'by means of', 'as of'.

    平等化社会を生きる個人は、それぞれが自分の〈私〉の意識をもっています。

    Each individual living in an increasingly equalized society possesses a consciousness of his or her own “I.”

  • ゆえにN1

    Formal/literary connective drawing a logical conclusion from a stated reason — 'therefore, consequently, and so.'

    自分が[同類]のうちの一人に過ぎないことを痛いほど自覚している平等化社会の個人は、それゆえに他者をつねに意識せざるをえないのです。

    Individuals in an equalized society, painfully aware that they are merely one among others of the “[same kind],” are therefore compelled to remain constantly conscious of other people.

Other levels30 patterns
  • しかもN2

    Additive conjunction adding a further, often stronger point — 'moreover, and what's more'.

    しかもその場合、不安や不満を抱えた人々は、同じような立場に置かれ、似たような思いをもった人々と連帯することが①けっして容易ではありません。

    Moreover, under such circumstances, it is by no means easy for people burdened by anxiety or dissatisfaction to unite with others who are in similar positions and have similar feelings.

  • 逆に(ぎゃくに)N2

    Signals that what follows runs opposite to what was just said or expected — 'on the contrary', 'conversely', 'the other way around'.

    もし、社会が自分の存在を認めないのなら、逆に、自分もそのような社会を認めないというのが、現代における個人の典型的な自意識といえるでしょう。

    If society refuses to recognize one’s existence, then one in turn refuses to recognize such a society; this can be called the typical self-consciousness of the modern individual.

  • 反面(はんめん)N2

    Contrasts two opposite sides of the same thing — 'while on the other hand ~', 'but on the flip side ~'.

    反面、②そのような個人は自分一人で自己完結できるほどには強くありません。

    On the other hand, such an individual is not strong enough to be completely self-contained.

  • に過ぎないN2

    Downplays something as merely that and nothing more — 'is nothing more than', 'merely'.

    自分が[同類]のうちの一人に過ぎないことを痛いほど自覚している平等化社会の個人は、それゆえに他者をつねに意識せざるをえないのです。

    Individuals in an equalized society, painfully aware that they are merely one among others of the “[same kind],” are therefore compelled to remain constantly conscious of other people.

  • ざるを得ないN2

    expresses being compelled by circumstances with no alternative, 'have no choice but to ~ / cannot help but ~'

    自分が[同類]のうちの一人に過ぎないことを痛いほど自覚している平等化社会の個人は、それゆえに他者をつねに意識せざるをえないのです。

    Individuals in an equalized society, painfully aware that they are merely one among others of the “[same kind],” are therefore compelled to remain constantly conscious of other people.

  • つつN2

    Attaches to a verb stem to mark two actions happening at the same time, 'while ~ing' (concessive 'even though' when written つつも).

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • において/におけるN33 times in this passage

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    現在、不安定化する社会におけるさまざまなリスクが個人を直撃しています。

    Today, various risks arising in an increasingly unstable society are striking individuals directly.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    ところが、いまではそのような支えを期待することは難しくなっています。

    Today, however, it has become difficult to expect such support.

  • 決して~ないN3

    Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.

    しかもその場合、不安や不満を抱えた人々は、同じような立場に置かれ、似たような思いをもった人々と連帯することが①けっして容易ではありません。

    Moreover, under such circumstances, it is by no means easy for people burdened by anxiety or dissatisfaction to unite with others who are in similar positions and have similar feelings.

  • どうしてもN3

    Fixed adverb "no matter what / by all means"; with a negative predicate it means "(simply) cannot ... however hard one tries."

    外から見れば、どれほど共通の傾向が見られる問題でも、一人ひとりの個人にはどうしても〈私〉の問題に見えてしまうからです。

    This is because, however much a problem may appear from the outside to share common patterns, to each individual it inevitably looks like a problem belonging to “me.”

  • ままN3

    Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

    その意味でいえば、誰一人、他者の意のままにその存在を否定されるほど弱くありません。

    In that sense, no one is so weak that others can deny their existence at will.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    もし、社会が自分の存在を認めないのなら、逆に、自分もそのような社会を認めないというのが、現代における個人の典型的な自意識といえるでしょう。

    If society refuses to recognize one’s existence, then one in turn refuses to recognize such a society; this can be called the typical self-consciousness of the modern individual.

  • 的(てき)N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    もし、社会が自分の存在を認めないのなら、逆に、自分もそのような社会を認めないというのが、現代における個人の典型的な自意識といえるでしょう。

    If society refuses to recognize one’s existence, then one in turn refuses to recognize such a society; this can be called the typical self-consciousness of the modern individual.

  • とすれば・としたら・とするとN3

    'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • ばかりでなくN3

    Adds a further, often greater point beyond the first — 'not only… but also…'.

    その場合の他者とは、自分の身の回りにいて、相互に承認を与え合うような他者ばかりでなく、自らに位置と役割を与えてくれる社会もまた、重要な他者にほかなりません。

    In this case, “others” are not limited to the people around us with whom we exchange mutual recognition; society itself, which gives us a position and a role, is likewise an important “other.”

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (宇野重規『〈私〉時代のデモクラシー』による

    (Based on Uno Shigeki, “Democracy in the Age of the ‘I’”)

  • 〜てくれるN42 times in this passage

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    かつてであれば個人の属する集団や組織が、リスクを受け止めるのを支えてくれました。

    In the past, the groups and organizations to which individuals belonged helped them absorb those risks.

  • ようだN46 times in this passage

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    ところが、いまではそのような支えを期待することは難しくなっています。

    Today, however, it has become difficult to expect such support.

  • に見える(にみえる)N4

    Expresses how something appears or seems to an observer, 'to look ~ / to seem ~.'

    外から見れば、どれほど共通の傾向が見られる問題でも、一人ひとりの個人にはどうしても〈私〉の問題に見えてしまうからです。

    This is because, however much a problem may appear from the outside to share common patterns, to each individual it inevitably looks like a problem belonging to “me.”

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    外から見れば、どれほど共通の傾向が見られる問題でも、一人ひとりの個人にはどうしても〈私〉の問題に見えてしまうからです。

    This is because, however much a problem may appear from the outside to share common patterns, to each individual it inevitably looks like a problem belonging to “me.”

  • それでもN4

    Concessive conjunction — 'even so, nevertheless, still.'

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • らしいN4

    Evidential auxiliary expressing an inference or hearsay from evidence — 'it seems / apparently ~'; also 'typical of, befitting ~'.

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • が必要(がひつよう)N4

    Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです。

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • はずだN4

    Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

    そうだとすれば、一人ひとりに固有な〈私〉にこだわりつつ、それでも自らの不完全性を日々感じている個人にとって、自分の自分らしさを確認するためにも他者が必要なはずです

    If so, for individuals who insist on the uniqueness of their own “I” while still feeling their own incompleteness every day, other people must be necessary even for them to confirm their own individuality.

  • 〜ているN54 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    現在、不安定化する社会におけるさまざまなリスクが個人を直撃しています。

    Today, various risks arising in an increasingly unstable society are striking individuals directly.

  • だ / ですN53 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    現代における不平等は個人単位で現れるのです

    Inequality in modern society manifests itself at the level of the individual.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    しかもその場合、不安や不満を抱えた人々は、同じような立場に置かれ、似たような思いをもった人々と連帯することが①けっして容易ではありません

    Moreover, under such circumstances, it is by no means easy for people burdened by anxiety or dissatisfaction to unite with others who are in similar positions and have similar feelings.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    もし、社会が自分の存在を認めないのなら、逆に、自分もそのような社会を認めないというのが、現代における個人の典型的な自意識といえるでしょう

    If society refuses to recognize one’s existence, then one in turn refuses to recognize such a society; this can be called the typical self-consciousness of the modern individual.

Share:

Comments