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N1 · AdvancedShort passagePassage #436
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これから起おこる社しゃ会かいの変へん化かを読よみとるのは難むずかしい。しかし、その変へん化かを見み極きわめて将しょう来らいに対たいする指し針しんをもたなければ、激はげしく変へん化かする社しゃ会かいのなかで自じ分ぶんを見み失うしなってしまう。歴れき史し学がくは、この時じ代だいの変へん化かを長ながい時じ間かんのなかにおいて見み据すえ、社しゃ会かいめ進すすむ方ほう向こうを教おしえてくれる学がく問もんである。けっして、過すぎ去さった過か去こを記き憶おくしたり、なぞったりする学がく問もんではない。ゆるやかに流ながれる時じ代だいにあっても激げき動どうする時じ代だいにあっても、歴れき史し学がくは私わたしたちの行いく（注1）手てを照てらす一いち条じょう（注2）の光ひかりなのだと思おもう。

（高たか山やま博ひろし『歴れき史し学がく未み来らいへのまなざし――中ちゅう世せいシチリアからグローバル・ヒストリーヘ』による）

（注ちゅう1）行ゆく手て：行ゆく先さき

（注ちゅう2）一いち条じょう：一ひと筋すじ

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1歴史学について、筆者はどのように考えているか。

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Vocabulary2 words
  • ゆるやか
    • ·loose; slack
    • ·gentle (slope, curve); slow (speed)
    • ·lenient; liberal; lax
    N1
  • 一筋ひとすじ
    • ·one line; one stretch (e.g. of road); one strand (e.g. of hair); one beam (e.g. of light); one ray; one length (e.g. of rope)
    • ·earnest; resolute; intent; devoted; single-minded
    • ·one bloodline; one clan
    • ·ordinary; common
    N1
Other levels36 words
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もたなければ
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 長いながい
    • ·long (distance, length)
    • ·long (time); protracted; prolonged
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • め
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • 教えるおしえるAs it appears here: 教えて
    • ·to teach; to instruct
    • ·to tell; to inform; to show
    • ·to preach
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したり
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あって
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 行くいく
    • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
    • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
    • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
    • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
    • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
    • ·to stream; to flow
    • ·to die; to pass away
    • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
    • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
    • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
    • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
    • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
    N5
  • 手て
    • ·hand; arm
    • ·forepaw; foreleg
    • ·handle
    • ·hand; worker; help
    • ·trouble; care; effort
    • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
    • ·hand; handwriting
    • ·kind; type; sort
    • ·one's hands; one's possession
    • ·ability to cope
    • ·hand (of cards)
    • ·direction
    • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
    N5
  • これから
    • ·from now on; after this; in the future; in future
    • ·from here; from this point
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 将来しょうらい
    • ·future; (future) prospects
    • ·bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.)
    • ·bringing about; giving rise to; causing; incurring
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • 進むすすむ
    • ·to advance; to go forward
    • ·to precede; to go ahead (of)
    • ·to make progress; to improve
    • ·to deepen; to heighten
    • ·to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead
    • ·to do of one's own free will
    N4
  • けっして
    • ·(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
    N4
  • 光ひかり
    • ·light
    • ·illumination; ray; beam; gleam; glow
    • ·happiness; hope
    • ·influence; power
    • ·vision; eyesight
    • ·optical fiber; optical fibre
    N4
  • 思うおもう
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 起こるおこる
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • 変化へんか
    • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
    • ·variety; diversity
    • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
    • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
    N3
  • 激しいはげしいAs it appears here: 激しく
    • ·violent; furious; tempestuous
    • ·extreme; intense; fierce; strong
    • ·fervent; vehement
    • ·incessant; relentless
    • ·precipitous; steep
    N3
  • 方向ほうこう
    • ·direction; orientation; bearing; way
    • ·course (e.g. of action)
    N3
  • 学問がくもん
    • ·study; scholarship; learning; education; knowledge
    • ·discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
    N3
  • 過去かこ
    • ·the past; bygone days
    • ·one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
    • ·past (tense); preterit; preterite
    • ·previous life
    N3
  • 記憶きおく
    • ·memory; recollection; remembrance
    • ·memory; storage
    N3
  • 流れるながれる
    • ·to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to run (ink)
    • ·to be washed away; to be carried
    • ·to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to wander; to stray
    • ·to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire); to spread; to circulate
    • ·to be heard (e.g. music); to be played
    • ·to lapse (e.g. into indolence, despair)
    • ·to pass; to elapse; to be transmitted
    • ·to be called off; to be forfeited
    • ·to disappear; to be removed
    N3
  • 未来みらい
    • ·(distant) future
    • ·future existence; world beyond the grave; the world to come
    • ·future (tense)
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 照らすてらす
    • ·to shine on; to illuminate
    • ·to compare (with); to refer to
    N2
  • 中世ちゅうせい
    • ·Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • にあってN12 times in this passage

    Frames a special time, place, or circumstance one is in — "in ~, being in (such) circumstances".

    ゆるやかに流れる時代にあっても激動する時代にあっても、歴史学は私たちの行く手を照らす一条の光なのだと思う。

    Whether in slowly changing times or in periods of upheaval, I believe history is a ray of light illuminating the road ahead of us.

  • だの～だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    ゆるやかに流れる時代にあっても激動する時代にあっても、歴史学は私たちの行く手を照らす一条の光なのだと思う。

    Whether in slowly changing times or in periods of upheaval, I believe history is a ray of light illuminating the road ahead of us.

Other levels10 patterns
  • に対してN3

    Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

    しかし、その変化を見極めて将来に対する指針をもたなければ、激しく変化する社会のなかで自分を見失ってしまう。

    Yet unless we discern those changes and possess a guide for the future, we will lose our sense of ourselves amid a rapidly changing society.

  • において/におけるN3

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    歴史学は、この時代の変化を長い時間のなかにおいて見据え、社会め進む方向を教えてくれる学問である。

    History is a discipline that views the changes of the present age within a long span of time and shows us the direction in which society is moving.

  • 決して～ないN3

    Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.

    けっして、過ぎ去った過去を記憶したり、なぞったりする学問ではない。

    It is by no means a discipline concerned merely with memorizing or retracing a past that has already gone by.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （高山博『歴史学未来へのまなざし――中世シチリアからグローバル・ヒストリーヘ』による）

    (From Takayama Hiroshi, History: A Gaze Toward the Future—From Medieval Sicily to Global History)

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    しかし、その変化を見極めて将来に対する指針をもたなければ、激しく変化する社会のなかで自分を見失ってしまう。

    Yet unless we discern those changes and possess a guide for the future, we will lose our sense of ourselves amid a rapidly changing society.

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    歴史学は、この時代の変化を長い時間のなかにおいて見据え、社会め進む方向を教えてくれる学問である。

    History is a discipline that views the changes of the present age within a long span of time and shows us the direction in which society is moving.

  • と思う（とおもう）N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    ゆるやかに流れる時代にあっても激動する時代にあっても、歴史学は私たちの行く手を照らす一条の光なのだと思う。

    Whether in slowly changing times or in periods of upheaval, I believe history is a ray of light illuminating the road ahead of us.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、その変化を見極めて将来に対する指針をもたなければ、激しく変化する社会のなかで自分を見失ってしまう。

    Yet unless we discern those changes and possess a guide for the future, we will lose our sense of ourselves amid a rapidly changing society.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    けっして、過ぎ去った過去を記憶したり、なぞったりする学問ではない。

    It is by no means a discipline concerned merely with memorizing or retracing a past that has already gone by.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    けっして、過ぎ去った過去を記憶したり、なぞったりする学問ではない。

    It is by no means a discipline concerned merely with memorizing or retracing a past that has already gone by.

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