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N1 · AdvancedShort passagePassage #435
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現げん代だい、恋れん愛あいは、通つう常じょうは部ぶ分ぶんでしか他た者しゃとかかわり合あいをもたない個こ人じんにとって、例れい外がい的てきに全ぜん人じん格かくと全ぜん人じん格かくとのぶつかりあいを経けい験けんする、特とく別べつな関かん係けいなのであろうか。それとも、｢全ぜん人じん格かく的てき｣というのは幻げん想そうで、恋れん愛あいもまた互たがいに自じ己このある一いち面めんを見みせあう、部ぶ分ぶん的てき関かん係けいの一いち例れいか。これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問もん題だいではなく、個こ々この恋れん愛あいはこの振しん幅ぷくのどこかにあるということになるだろう。だが、趨すう勢せい（注）としては後こう者しゃの方ほうへと振ふれてきているのではないだろうか。

（草そう柳やぎ千ち早はや『AERAMooK』1999年ねん7月つき10日にち号ごうによる）

（注ちゅう）趨すう勢せい：傾けい向こう

Questions

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  1. 1筆者は、現代の恋愛はどうなってきていると考えているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary6 words
  • 恋愛れんあい
    • ·love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
    N1
  • 通常つうじょう
    • ·usual; ordinary; normal; regular; general; common
    N1
  • 自己じこ
    • ·self; oneself
    N1
  • 一面いちめん
    • ·one face; one surface
    • ·the whole surface
    • ·one aspect; one side
    • ·(on) the other hand
    • ·one broad, flat object
    • ·front page (e.g. newspaper)
    N1
  • 個々ここ
    • ·individual; one by one; separate; each
    N1
  • 号ごう
    • ·number; edition; make; model; issue; part of that group
    • ·sobriquet; pen-name
    • ·size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.)
    • ·suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
    N1
Other levels25 words
  • もつAs it appears here: もたない
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • どちら
    • ·which way; which direction; where
    • ·which one (esp. of two alternatives)
    • ·who
    N5
  • 問題もんだい
    • ·question (e.g. on a test); problem
    • ·problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue; subject (e.g. of research); case; matter
    • ·question (i.e. doubt)
    • ·public discussion; controversy
    • ·trouble; problem; inconvenience; difficulty
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 特別とくべつ
    • ·special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
    N4
  • 関係かんけい
    • ·relation; relationship; connection
    • ·participation; involvement; concern
    • ·influence; effect
    • ·sexual relations; sexual relationship
    • ·related to; connected to
    N4
  • 現代げんだい
    • ·present age; present day; today
    • ·modern era; modern times
    N3
  • 部分ぶぶん
    • ·portion; section; part
    N3
  • 個人こじん
    • ·individual; private person; personal; private
    • ·natural person
    N3
  • 経験けいけん
    • ·experience
    N3
  • もちろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 後者こうしゃ
    • ·the latter; the second
    • ·successor; descendant
    N3
  • 方ほう
    • ·direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
    • ·side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
    • ·type; category
    • ·field (of study, etc.)
    • ·indicates one side of a comparison
    • ·way; method; manner; means
    • ·length (of each side of a square)
    N3
  • 月つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • 日にち
    • ·Sunday
    • ·nth day (of the month)
    • ·counter for days
    • ·Japan
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 傾向けいこう
    • ·tendency; trend; inclination
    N3
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • だの～だのN12 times in this passage

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    現代、恋愛は、通常は部分でしか他者とかかわり合いをもたない個人にとって、例外的に全人格と全人格とのぶつかりあいを経験する、特別な関係なのであろうか。

    In modern times, is romantic love perhaps a special relationship in which individuals, who ordinarily engage with others only partially, exceptionally experience a confrontation between one whole personality and another?

Other levels13 patterns
  • それともN2

    Conjunction presenting an alternative between two questions or options, 'or / or else'.

    それとも、｢全人格的｣というのは幻想で、恋愛もまた互いに自己のある一面を見せあう、部分的関係の一例か。

    Or is the idea of a “whole-person” relationship an illusion, with romantic love itself merely another example of a partial relationship in which each person shows the other only one aspect of the self?

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    現代、恋愛は、通常は部分でしか他者とかかわり合いをもたない個人にとって、例外的に全人格と全人格とのぶつかりあいを経験する、特別な関係なのであろうか。

    In modern times, is romantic love perhaps a special relationship in which individuals, who ordinarily engage with others only partially, exceptionally experience a confrontation between one whole personality and another?

  • 的（てき）N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    現代、恋愛は、通常は部分でしか他者とかかわり合いをもたない個人にとって、例外的に全人格と全人格とのぶつかりあいを経験する、特別な関係なのであろうか。

    In modern times, is romantic love perhaps a special relationship in which individuals, who ordinarily engage with others only partially, exceptionally experience a confrontation between one whole personality and another?

  • というのはN3

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    それとも、｢全人格的｣というのは幻想で、恋愛もまた互いに自己のある一面を見せあう、部分的関係の一例か。

    Or is the idea of a “whole-person” relationship an illusion, with romantic love itself merely another example of a partial relationship in which each person shows the other only one aspect of the self?

  • はもちろんN3

    Names one obvious case and adds another — 'not only X (which goes without saying) but also Y'.

    これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問題ではなく、個々の恋愛はこの振幅のどこかにあるということになるだろう。

    Of course, the question is not which of the two it is; rather, each individual romantic relationship lies somewhere along the spectrum between these two extremes.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問題ではなく、個々の恋愛はこの振幅のどこかにあるということになるだろう。

    Of course, the question is not which of the two it is; rather, each individual romantic relationship lies somewhere along the spectrum between these two extremes.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    だが、趨勢としては後者の方へと振れてきているのではないだろうか。

    As an overall trend, however, does it not seem to be shifting toward the latter?

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （草柳千早『AERAMooK』1999年7月10日号による）

    (From Kusayanagi Chihaya, AERA Mook, July 10, 1999 issue)

  • ことになるN4

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問題ではなく、個々の恋愛はこの振幅のどこかにあるということになるだろう。

    Of course, the question is not which of the two it is; rather, each individual romantic relationship lies somewhere along the spectrum between these two extremes.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    だが、趨勢としては後者の方へと振れてきているのではないだろうか。

    As an overall trend, however, does it not seem to be shifting toward the latter?

  • じゃない・ではないN52 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問題ではなく、個々の恋愛はこの振幅のどこかにあるということになるだろう。

    Of course, the question is not which of the two it is; rather, each individual romantic relationship lies somewhere along the spectrum between these two extremes.

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    これはもちろん、そのどちらなのか、という問題ではなく、個々の恋愛はこの振幅のどこかにあるということになるだろう。

    Of course, the question is not which of the two it is; rather, each individual romantic relationship lies somewhere along the spectrum between these two extremes.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    だが、趨勢としては後者の方へと振れてきているのではないだろうか。

    As an overall trend, however, does it not seem to be shifting toward the latter?

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