結果（けっか）N2
States the outcome that follows from an action or effort, 'as a result of (doing) ~'.
すでに政府は中立の立場で公正に科学的評価を行う機関を設置し、企業も独自の検査や表示を行うなどの対策を始めた結果、以前より安全性は向上していると言える。
The government has already established an independent body to conduct fair scientific assessments from a neutral standpoint, while companies have begun measures such as their own inspections and labeling, with the result that safety can be said to have improved compared with the past.
ということはN22 times in this passage
Draws a logical conclusion or restatement from a preceding fact — "which means…, in other words…, that is to say…".
発生した食品事故に対して適切な対策がとられ、科学的に安全が証明された後も、いつまでもその食品の消費回復が見られないということはよくある。
It is common for consumption of a food product to fail to recover for a long time even after appropriate measures have been taken in response to an incident and its safety has been scientifically demonstrated.
得ない（えない）N2
Suffix on a verb masu-stem stating that an action is impossible or inconceivable — "cannot possibly ~".
安全に関しては、絶対安全ということはあり得ないにしても、コストさえ掛ければ技術的に安全度を上げることが可能である。
As for safety, although absolute safety is impossible, it is technically possible to increase the level of safety if enough money is spent.
しかもN2
Additive conjunction adding a further, often stronger point — 'moreover, and what's more'.
しかも安全度は多くの場合、科学的に数値として明示できる。
Moreover, in many cases the degree of safety can be stated explicitly in scientific numerical terms.
あるいはN2
Presents an alternative or a possibility — 'or; or perhaps; alternatively'.
消費者と生産者あるいは、政府の間に信頼関係が構築されていれば安全証明がほぼ同時に安心へと繋がる。
If a relationship of trust exists between consumers and producers or the government, proof of safety will lead almost immediately to reassurance.
すでにN3
Adverb stating an action is 'already' done or a situation already holds.
すでに政府は中立の立場で公正に科学的評価を行う機関を設置し、企業も独自の検査や表示を行うなどの対策を始めた結果、以前より安全性は向上していると言える。
The government has already established an independent body to conduct fair scientific assessments from a neutral standpoint, while companies have begun measures such as their own inspections and labeling, with the result that safety can be said to have improved compared with the past.
的（てき）N35 times in this passage
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
科学的に安全だと判断された食品が、消費者にも安全だと認知されれば消費者の安心につながる。
If foods scientifically judged to be safe are also recognized as safe by consumers, that will lead to consumer reassurance.
そのためにN3
Connective linking a preceding cause or purpose to what follows, 'for that reason / in order to do that'.
そのためには、提供する側のわかりやすい説明とともに、消費者側もそれを理解するための科学的知識を備える必要があるだろう。
To achieve this, providers must offer clear explanations, while consumers also need enough scientific knowledge to understand those explanations.
と共に（とともに）N3
Links two things that happen together or change at the same time — "together with; along with; as ~ does".
そのためには、提供する側のわかりやすい説明とともに、消費者側もそれを理解するための科学的知識を備える必要があるだろう。
To achieve this, providers must offer clear explanations, while consumers also need enough scientific knowledge to understand those explanations.
ためにN3
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
そのためには、提供する側のわかりやすい説明とともに、消費者側もそれを理解するための科学的知識を備える必要があるだろう。
To achieve this, providers must offer clear explanations, while consumers also need enough scientific knowledge to understand those explanations.
に対してN32 times in this passage
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
発生した食品事故に対して適切な対策がとられ、科学的に安全が証明された後も、いつまでもその食品の消費回復が見られないということはよくある。
It is common for consumption of a food product to fail to recover for a long time even after appropriate measures have been taken in response to an incident and its safety has been scientifically demonstrated.
に関する/に関してN3
Marks the topic that the following statement concerns or relates to; "regarding, concerning, about."
安全に関しては、絶対安全ということはあり得ないにしても、コストさえ掛ければ技術的に安全度を上げることが可能である。
As for safety, although absolute safety is impossible, it is technically possible to increase the level of safety if enough money is spent.
にしてもN3
Concedes a point regardless of the case at hand, 'even if / even though / even in the case of'.
安全に関しては、絶対安全ということはあり得ないにしても、コストさえ掛ければ技術的に安全度を上げることが可能である。
As for safety, although absolute safety is impossible, it is technically possible to increase the level of safety if enough money is spent.
としてN3
Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".
しかも安全度は多くの場合、科学的に数値として明示できる。
Moreover, in many cases the degree of safety can be stated explicitly in scientific numerical terms.
によって/によるN32 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
しかし安心の場合には、示された客観的な事実に納得するかどうかは、消費者一人一人の主観によっており、これを説得するのは簡単なことではない。
With reassurance, however, whether a person accepts the objective facts presented depends on each individual consumer's subjective judgment, making persuasion far from easy.
などN4
Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.
すでに政府は中立の立場で公正に科学的評価を行う機関を設置し、企業も独自の検査や表示を行うなどの対策を始めた結果、以前より安全性は向上していると言える。
The government has already established an independent body to conduct fair scientific assessments from a neutral standpoint, while companies have begun measures such as their own inspections and labeling, with the result that safety can be said to have improved compared with the past.
よりN4
Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".
すでに政府は中立の立場で公正に科学的評価を行う機関を設置し、企業も独自の検査や表示を行うなどの対策を始めた結果、以前より安全性は向上していると言える。
The government has already established an independent body to conduct fair scientific assessments from a neutral standpoint, while companies have begun measures such as their own inspections and labeling, with the result that safety can be said to have improved compared with the past.
ながらN4
Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.
しかし残念ながら、まだ消費者の安心感には結びついていない。
Unfortunately, however, this has still not led to a corresponding sense of reassurance among consumers.
やすいN4
Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').
そのためには、提供する側のわかりやすい説明とともに、消費者側もそれを理解するための科学的知識を備える必要があるだろう。
To achieve this, providers must offer clear explanations, while consumers also need enough scientific knowledge to understand those explanations.
必要がある（ひつようがある）N4
States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.
そのためには、提供する側のわかりやすい説明とともに、消費者側もそれを理解するための科学的知識を備える必要があるだろう。
To achieve this, providers must offer clear explanations, while consumers also need enough scientific knowledge to understand those explanations.
場合は（ばあいは）N4
States the situation or condition under which something applies — 'in the case of; in the event that; if'.
しかし安心の場合には、示された客観的な事実に納得するかどうかは、消費者一人一人の主観によっており、これを説得するのは簡単なことではない。
With reassurance, however, whether a person accepts the objective facts presented depends on each individual consumer's subjective judgment, making persuasion far from easy.
かどうかN4
Embeds a yes/no question inside a larger sentence — 'whether or not', 'if ... or not'.
しかし安心の場合には、示された客観的な事実に納得するかどうかは、消費者一人一人の主観によっており、これを説得するのは簡単なことではない。
With reassurance, however, whether a person accepts the objective facts presented depends on each individual consumer's subjective judgment, making persuasion far from easy.
間（あいだ）N4
Marks a span of time or space throughout which, or between whose endpoints, something else continuously holds — 'while; during; between'.
消費者と生産者あるいは、政府の間に信頼関係が構築されていれば安全証明がほぼ同時に安心へと繋がる。
If a relationship of trust exists between consumers and producers or the government, proof of safety will lead almost immediately to reassurance.
〜ているN53 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
すでに政府は中立の立場で公正に科学的評価を行う機関を設置し、企業も独自の検査や表示を行うなどの対策を始めた結果、以前より安全性は向上していると言える。
The government has already established an independent body to conduct fair scientific assessments from a neutral standpoint, while companies have begun measures such as their own inspections and labeling, with the result that safety can be said to have improved compared with the past.
しかしN52 times in this passage
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし残念ながら、まだ消費者の安心感には結びついていない。
Unfortunately, however, this has still not led to a corresponding sense of reassurance among consumers.
まだN5
Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."
しかし残念ながら、まだ消費者の安心感には結びついていない。
Unfortunately, however, this has still not led to a corresponding sense of reassurance among consumers.
じゃない・ではないN52 times in this passage
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
今後必要なのは、安全なものは安全だと消費者が正しく理解できることではないだろうか。
What is needed from now on, perhaps, is for consumers to be able to correctly understand that products judged to be safe really are safe.
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
今後必要なのは、安全なものは安全だと消費者が正しく理解できることではないだろうか。
What is needed from now on, perhaps, is for consumers to be able to correctly understand that products judged to be safe really are safe.
までN52 times in this passage
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
発生した食品事故に対して適切な対策がとられ、科学的に安全が証明された後も、いつまでもその食品の消費回復が見られないということはよくある。
It is common for consumption of a food product to fail to recover for a long time even after appropriate measures have been taken in response to an incident and its safety has been scientifically demonstrated.
のでN5
Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.
消費者が納得しないのである。
Consumers remain unconvinced.
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