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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #431
2

おおひとは、せいぬしあこがれてできればならものだとおもながらじつ一方いっぽうひと」であることひそかもといる。「ひとからはずれていたりおくいたりすることは、かれきょくあんする。「おなおもいたこと発見はっけんすることは、おおあんしんあたはずあるから、「おなおもつうなかと、すぐでもする。①そういうにんげんけいこうは、べつ日本人にっぽんじんだけそなものというわけでもなくほとんどほんのうてきものとしておおすくだれかかいるようあるいってよい

にもかかわらぼんよう(注1)さは、おもてなぜこれほどきら(注2)のか。それは、おそらくにんげんというものだいすうぼんようなまほかなくぶんらいまたそのげんかいなかあることうすうすいるのだが、そのことそうことは、ぶんなまぼうないかくていてきイメージしまうことありそれは②としてていされてしまうことつながるかんからある

よくげんあるのにおまえらいこのとおりまえものしかないていされることは、らいものとしてあるなまよく」のほんしつてきじょうけんしてしまうみずかゆうげんそんざいあることおおすじではわきまえつつしかもそのはんないぶんかならいくらかはのこおくそこみずかあることかくしょうかろうじてもとするのだ。

ばまいつこのくになぜさびのかー「ものさし」をうしな日本人にっぽんじんによる

ちゅう1)ぼんようさ:ここでは、ひとへいぼんあること

ちゅう2)きらひどくきら

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1そういう人間の傾向とあるが、どのような傾向か。
  2. 2何か②個としての価値を否定されてしまうことにつながるのか。
  3. 3筆者の考えに合っているのはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary10 words
  • 個性こせい
    • ·individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
    N1
  • ひそか
    • ·secret; private; surreptitious
    N1
  • すぐ
    • ·immediately; at once; right away; directly
    • ·soon; before long; shortly
    • ·easily; readily; without difficulty
    • ·right (near); nearby; just (handy)
    • ·honest; upright; frank; straightforward
    N1
  • 備わるそなわるAs it appears here: 備わった
    • ·to be furnished with; to be provided with; to be equipped with
    • ·to be possessed of; to be endowed with; to be gifted with
    • ·to be among; to be one of
    N1
  • 込めるこめるAs it appears here: 込めて
    • ·to load (a gun, etc.); to charge
    • ·to put into (e.g. emotion, effort)
    • ·to include (e.g. tax in a sales price)
    • ·to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
    N1
  • 意欲いよく
    • ·will; desire; eagerness; interest; drive; motivation; urge; ambition
    N1
  • 規定きてい
    • ·stipulation; prescription; provision; regulation; rule
    • ·normal (unit of normality)
    • ·compulsory exercise (in gymnastics); compulsory routine; compulsory dance (figure skating); (a) compulsory
    N1
  • 大筋おおすじ
    • ·outline; summary; gist; basic points
    N1
  • 未知みち
    • ·not yet known; unknown; strange
    N1
  • かろうじて
    • ·barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
    N1
Other levels80 words
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できれば
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • いる
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 同じおなじ
    • ·same; identical; equal; alike; equivalent
    • ·anyway; in any case; if one must ...; if one has to ...; as long as ...
    N5
  • 大きなおおきな
    • ·big; large; great
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いって
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • よい
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • なぜ
    • ·why; how; for what reason
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • ほか
    • ·another place; some other place; somewhere else; outside
    • ·another (person or thing); other; different; something else; someone else; the rest; et al.
    • ·beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
    • ·except; but; other than; apart from
    • ·besides; in addition to; as well as; on top of
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知って
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • いくら
    • ·how much
    • ·something over; and something; -odd
    • ·however (much); no matter how
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • くに
    • ·country; state
    • ·region
    • ·national government; central government
    • ·home (i.e. hometown, home country)
    • ·province (of Japan)
    • ·land; earth
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思い
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 遅れるおくれるAs it appears here: 遅れて
    • ·to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind schedule; to be overdue
    • ·to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be behind (the times)
    • ·to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
    • ·to be slow (of a clock or watch)
    N4
  • 安心あんしん
    • ·peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
    N4
  • はず
    • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
    • ·nock (of a bow)
    • ·nock (of an arrow)
    • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
    • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
    N4
  • 見つかるみつかる
    • ·to be found; to be discovered
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • ほとんど
    • ·almost; nearly; mostly; practically; virtually; basically; just about; all but
    • ·hardly; barely; scarcely; little
    • ·large majority; large proportion; greater part; most (of); almost all (of)
    N4
  • 生きるいきる
    • ·to live; to exist
    • ·to make a living; to subsist
    • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
    • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
    • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
    N4
  • 塗るぬるAs it appears here: 塗り
    • ·to paint; to spread; to plaster; to apply (cream, lotion); to smear; to lacquer; to varnish; to put up (wallpaper)
    N4
  • 向かうむかう
    • ·to face
    • ·to go towards; to head towards
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • 寂しいさびしい
    • ·lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
    N4
  • 実はじつは
    • ·as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求めて
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 不安ふあん
    • ·anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense
    N3
  • 抱くいだくAs it appears here: 抱いて
    • ·to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug
    • ·to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
    N3
  • 発見はっけん
    • ·discovery; detection; finding
    N3
  • 与えるあたえる
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 仲間なかま
    • ·companion; fellow; friend; mate; comrade; partner; colleague; coworker; associate
    • ·group; company; circle; set; gang
    • ·member of the same category (family, class)
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 傾向けいこう
    • ·tendency; trend; inclination
    N3
  • 別にべつに
    • ·(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially
    • ·separately; apart; additionally; extra
    N3
  • 抱えるかかえるAs it appears here: 抱えて
    • ·to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to carry under one's arm; to hold (one's head) in one's hands
    • ·to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to be burdened with (e.g. care of a family member); to have (children, etc.) to provide for
    • ·to employ; to have (on one's staff); to hire
    N3
  • 要素ようそ
    • ·component; factor; item (e.g. in list)
    • ·element (e.g. in array); member (e.g. data structure)
    N3
  • おそらく
    • ·probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
    N3
  • なま
    • ·raw; uncooked; fresh
    • ·natural; as it is; unedited; unprocessed
    • ·unprotected (sex); raw; bareback
    • ·live (i.e. not recorded)
    • ·inexperienced; unpolished; green; crude
    • ·impudence; sauciness
    • ·unpasteurized beer; draft beer; draught beer
    • ·blank (e.g. disk); unused
    • ·just a little; somehow; vaguely; partially; somewhat; half-; semi-
    • ·insufficient; incomplete; half-baked; half-hearted; perfunctory
    • ·cash
    • ·tipsiness
    N3
  • 未来みらい
    • ·(distant) future
    • ·future existence; world beyond the grave; the world to come
    • ·future (tense)
    N3
  • 限界げんかい
    • ·limit; bound
    N3
  • 希望きぼう
    • ·hope; wish; aspiration
    • ·(bright) prospects; expectation
    N3
  • 価値かち
    • ·value; worth; merit
    N3
  • 否定ひてい
    • ·denial; negation; repudiation; disavowal
    • ·negation
    • ·NOT operation
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じられる
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • おまえ
    • ·you
    • ·before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
    N3
  • とおり
    • ·street; road; avenue; thoroughfare
    • ·traffic; coming and going
    • ·flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; running
    • ·transmission (of sound); reach (of voice)
    • ·reputation; favor; favour; popularity
    • ·understanding; comprehension; comprehensibility; clarity
    • ·the same way (as); as (follows, stated, expected, etc.)
    • ·counter for sets of things
    • ·counter for methods, ways, kinds, etc.
    N3
  • 条件じょうけん
    • ·condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
    N3
  • 存在そんざい
    • ·existence; being; presence
    N3
  • しかも
    • ·moreover; furthermore
    • ·nevertheless; and yet
    N3
  • 部分ぶぶん
    • ·portion; section; part
    N3
  • 残すのこすAs it appears here: 残して
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to leave (undone); to not finish
    • ·to save; to set aside; to reserve
    • ·to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death); to bequeath
    • ·to stay (in the ring); to hold on
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求めよう
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 失ううしなうAs it appears here: 失った
    • ·to lose
    • ·to miss (a chance, opportunity)
    • ·to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of
    • ·to concede (goals, points, etc.)
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 嫌うきらう
    • ·to hate; to dislike; to loathe; to abhor
    • ·to avoid
    • ·to disregard; to act without regard (for)
    • ·to be bad for (e.g. dust in machinery)
    N3
  • あこがれるAs it appears here: あこがれて
    • ·to long for; to yearn for; to hanker after; to be attracted by; to be drawn to; to aspire to; to admire; to adore
    N2
  • はずれるAs it appears here: はずれて
    • ·to be disconnected; to get out of place; to be off; to be out (e.g. of gear)
    • ·to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to draw a blank (e.g. lottery)
    • ·to be removed; to be excluded
    • ·to be contrary to; to go against
    N2
  • 通ずるつうずる
    • ·to be open (to traffic); to lead (to); to connect (to); to run (from, between; e.g. bus service); to extend (up to); to go (to); to reach
    • ·to flow (of a liquid, current, etc.); to pass (through); to get through (e.g. of a signal); to connect (e.g. of a call); to work (of a phone line)
    • ·to be conveyed (of an intention, meaning, etc.); to be understood (by); to be comprehended; to get across (e.g. of an idea)
    • ·to be well versed (in); to be proficient (in); to know a lot (about); to be familiar (with)
    • ·to be widespread; to be commonly known; to be prevalent
    • ·to have an effect; to work; to be on par (with)
    • ·to communicate secretly (with the enemy); to conspire (with); to betray
    • ·to have an affair (with); to have an illicit relationship; to be intimate (with)
    • ·to be relevant (to); to concern
    • ·to have bowel movement; to (be able to) defacate
    • ·to convey (an intention, feeling, etc.); to get (something) across; to communicate; to make (someone) understand
    • ·to give out (e.g. a business card); to hand out (a name card)
    • ·to do via (something); to go through (someone); to do by using
    • ·to span the entirety (of); to concern (all of); to extend (all across)
    N2
  • つながる
    • ·to be connected (to); to be joined together; to be linked; to be tied together; to lead (to)
    • ·to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through
    • ·to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result)
    • ·to be lined up (e.g. of cars); to extend; to stretch out
    • ·to be related (e.g. to a matter); to be connected (to); to have something to do (with)
    • ·to be related (by blood)
    N2
  • 現にげんに
    • ·actually; really
    N2
  • 当たり前あたりまえ
    • ·natural; reasonable; obvious
    • ·usual; common; ordinary; commonplace; the norm
    N2
  • ものさし
    • ·ruler; measure; measuring stick
    • ·standard; criterion; yardstick; scale
    N2
  • 平凡へいぼん
    • ·ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished; uneventful
    N2
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • というわけだN1

    Presents the statement as the natural conclusion or explanation of what came before — "so that means...", "that's why...".

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

  • ものとしてN12 times in this passage

    'On the assumption that…; treating it as (if)…', proceeding as though something were already the case.

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

  • かれ~かれN1

    Pairs two contrasting adjective stems to mean 'whether one or the other, either way' — as in 'sooner or later,' 'more or less.'

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

  • というものN1

    Emphasizes the entire stretch of a stated time period, or foregrounds the essential nature of a thing — "for the whole (time)...", "the very idea of...".

    それは、おそらく、人間というものの大多数が凡庸な生を生きるほかなく、自分の未来もまたその限界のなかにあることをうすうす知っているのだが、そのことをそう決めつけられることは、自分の生を希望のない確定的なイメージに塗り込めてしまうことであり、それは②個としての価値を否定されてしまうことにつながると感じられるからである。

    Perhaps it is because most people vaguely know that they have little choice but to live ordinary lives and that their own futures also lie within those limits; yet to have that declared as a certainty would confine their lives within a fixed and hopeless image, which they feel amounts to a denial of their value as individuals.

Other levels24 patterns
  • にも関わらずN2

    the outcome runs counter to what the preceding fact would lead you to expect — 'despite; even though; in spite of'.

    にもかかわらず凡庸さは、表向き、なぜこれほど忌み嫌われるのか。

    Why, then, is mediocrity so intensely despised, at least outwardly?

  • 恐らくN2

    Adverb marking the speaker's likely conjecture — "probably, most likely".

    それは、おそらく、人間というものの大多数が凡庸な生を生きるほかなく、自分の未来もまたその限界のなかにあることをうすうす知っているのだが、そのことをそう決めつけられることは、自分の生を希望のない確定的なイメージに塗り込めてしまうことであり、それは②個としての価値を否定されてしまうことにつながると感じられるからである。

    Perhaps it is because most people vaguely know that they have little choice but to live ordinary lives and that their own futures also lie within those limits; yet to have that declared as a certainty would confine their lives within a fixed and hopeless image, which they feel amounts to a denial of their value as individuals.

  • でしかないN2

    Asserts something is nothing more than X, 'is merely / no more than ~'.

    生きる意欲が現にあるのに、おまえの未来はこのとおり当たり前のものでしかないと規定されることは、未来に向かうものとしてある「生の意欲」の本質的条件を根こそぎにしてしまう。

    When the will to live is genuinely present, being told that “your future will be nothing more than this ordinary one” uproots an essential condition of the “will to live” as something directed toward the future.

  • に向かってN2

    Indicates the direction, goal, or target that motion or an action is aimed at; 'toward / facing'.

    生きる意欲が現にあるのに、おまえの未来はこのとおり当たり前のものでしかないと規定されることは、未来に向かうものとしてある「生の意欲」の本質的条件を根こそぎにしてしまう。

    When the will to live is genuinely present, being told that “your future will be nothing more than this ordinary one” uproots an essential condition of the “will to live” as something directed toward the future.

  • つつN2

    Attaches to a verb stem to mark two actions happening at the same time, 'while ~ing' (concessive 'even though' when written つつも).

    自らが有限な存在であることを大筋ではわきまえつつ、しかもその範囲内に未知の部分を必ずいくらかは残しておく。

    While broadly recognizing that they are finite beings, people nevertheless make sure to leave some unknown portion within those limits.

  • しかもN2

    Additive conjunction adding a further, often stronger point — 'moreover, and what's more'.

    自らが有限な存在であることを大筋ではわきまえつつ、しかもその範囲内に未知の部分を必ずいくらかは残しておく。

    While broadly recognizing that they are finite beings, people nevertheless make sure to leave some unknown portion within those limits.

  • 一方で(いっぽうで)N3

    A connective presenting a second, contrasting or simultaneous aspect — 'on the other hand; while; meanwhile'.

    多くの人は、個性の持ち主にあこがれて、できれば見習いたいものだと思いながら、実は一方で「人並み」であることをひそかに求めてもいる。

    Many people admire those with distinctive individuality and wish, if possible, to follow their example, yet at the same time they secretly desire to be “just like everyone else.”

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    それは、おそらく、人間というものの大多数が凡庸な生を生きるほかなく、自分の未来もまたその限界のなかにあることをうすうす知っているのだが、そのことをそう決めつけられることは、自分の生を希望のない確定的なイメージに塗り込めてしまうことであり、それは②個としての価値を否定されてしまうことにつながると感じられるからである。

    Perhaps it is because most people vaguely know that they have little choice but to live ordinary lives and that their own futures also lie within those limits; yet to have that declared as a certainty would confine their lives within a fixed and hopeless image, which they feel amounts to a denial of their value as individuals.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    (小浜逸郎『この国はなぜ寂しいのかー「ものさし」を失った日本人』による

    (From Kohama Itsuo, Why Is This Country So Lonely?—The Japanese Who Lost Their “Yardstick”)

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    多くの人は、個性の持ち主にあこがれて、できれば見習いたいものだと思いながら、実は一方で「人並み」であることをひそかに求めてもいる。

    Many people admire those with distinctive individuality and wish, if possible, to follow their example, yet at the same time they secretly desire to be “just like everyone else.”

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    多くの人は、個性の持ち主にあこがれて、できれば見習いたいものだと思いながら、実は一方で「人並み」であることをひそかに求めてもいる。

    Many people admire those with distinctive individuality and wish, if possible, to follow their example, yet at the same time they secretly desire to be “just like everyone else.”

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    多くの人は、個性の持ち主にあこがれて、できれば見習いたいものだと思いながら、実は一方で「人並み」であることをひそかに求めてもいる。

    Many people admire those with distinctive individuality and wish, if possible, to follow their example, yet at the same time they secretly desire to be “just like everyone else.”

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    「同じ」思いを抱いていたことを発見することは、大きな安心を与えるはずであるから、「同じ」思いの通ずる仲間が見つかると、すぐにでも群れようとする。

    Discovering that others have had the “same” feelings should provide great reassurance, so as soon as people find companions with whom those “same” feelings resonate, they want to flock together.

  • はずだN4

    Expresses the speaker's reasoned confidence that something is or should be the case — 'should, ought to, is supposed to'.

    「同じ」思いを抱いていたことを発見することは、大きな安心を与えるはずであるから、「同じ」思いの通ずる仲間が見つかると、すぐにでも群れようとする。

    Discovering that others have had the “same” feelings should provide great reassurance, so as soon as people find companions with whom those “same” feelings resonate, they want to flock together.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN43 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    それは、おそらく、人間というものの大多数が凡庸な生を生きるほかなく、自分の未来もまたその限界のなかにあることをうすうす知っているのだが、そのことをそう決めつけられることは、自分の生を希望のない確定的なイメージに塗り込めてしまうことであり、それは②個としての価値を否定されてしまうことにつながると感じられるからである。

    Perhaps it is because most people vaguely know that they have little choice but to live ordinary lives and that their own futures also lie within those limits; yet to have that declared as a certainty would confine their lives within a fixed and hopeless image, which they feel amounts to a denial of their value as individuals.

  • 〜のにN4

    Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

    生きる意欲が現にあるのに、おまえの未来はこのとおり当たり前のものでしかないと規定されることは、未来に向かうものとしてある「生の意欲」の本質的条件を根こそぎにしてしまう。

    When the will to live is genuinely present, being told that “your future will be nothing more than this ordinary one” uproots an essential condition of the “will to live” as something directed toward the future.

  • 〜ておくN4

    Verb te-form plus 置く, doing something in advance as preparation or leaving it done for later — 'do ... in advance'.

    自らが有限な存在であることを大筋ではわきまえつつ、しかもその範囲内に未知の部分を必ずいくらかは残しておく

    While broadly recognizing that they are finite beings, people nevertheless make sure to leave some unknown portion within those limits.

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    多くの人は、個性の持ち主にあこがれて、できれば見習いたいものだと思いながら、実は一方で「人並み」であることをひそかに求めてもいる。

    Many people admire those with distinctive individuality and wish, if possible, to follow their example, yet at the same time they secretly desire to be “just like everyone else.”

  • 〜ているN54 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    「ひと」からはずれていたり、遅れていたりすることは、彼らを極度に不安にする。

    Being out of step with “other people” or falling behind them makes such people extremely anxious.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    「ひと」からはずれていたり、遅れていたりすることは、彼らを極度に不安にする。

    Being out of step with “other people” or falling behind them makes such people extremely anxious.

  • にするN52 times in this passage

    To decide on or turn something into a given state or choice, 'to make it ~ / to go with ~.'

    「ひと」からはずれていたり、遅れていたりすることは、彼らを極度に不安にする

    Being out of step with “other people” or falling behind them makes such people extremely anxious.

  • だけN5

    Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.

    ①そういう人間の傾向は、別に日本人にだけ備わったものというわけでもなく、ほとんど本能的なものとして、多かれ少なかれ誰もが抱えている要素であるといってよい。

    It is fair to say that this human tendency is by no means unique to Japanese people, but is an almost instinctive element present in everyone to a greater or lesser degree.

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