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N1 · AdvancedThematic comprehensionPassage #422
2

アジアあれヨーロッパあれあるいはみっあれ1げつあれたびからかえなりくうこう(注1)。(ちゅうりゃくわたしいつもバスではなくて列車れっしゃいえまでかえ

しん列車れっしゃには、たびからかえきたひとと、これからたびひといるはないるひといても、しずだ。かえひとつかと、たびひときんちょうような、ほかせんではなかなかあじしずある

列車れっしゃトンネルと、わたしまどそと景色けしきくうこうからしばらくは、でんえんふうけいつづなたまでつづは、せつによっていちめんみどりだったりちゃいろだったりはられたみずそらうつあおするやまやまが、とおちかせまきたりするふゆ景色けしきでも、みどりしょでも、ぜんしきさいじょうやわらかいことまいかいあらためてそうしてかえきたなあ実感じっかんする

アジアにもヨーロッパにもそれがいどこでもゆたかだっそうではなかったりするぜんある田舎いなかたびすればむせかえるよう(注2)みどりなかあることなるそっくりこうけいことあるはりようえだそら景色けしきことあるみどりおおまちだ、とかすいぼく(注3)みたいだ、とかそのていかんそういだが、そのしきさいについてとくべつなにおも

かえきてしゃそうから景色けしきみておものだ。このくにしきさいほんとうやわらかい、と。みどりも、(注4)そくやまいろも、かわそらも。たびさききたそらうみといったものが、なんときょうれついろはないたのかとこのときなって

まどほかみどりすくなってだいいえビルくるしんちかにつれどんどんたてものかんばんくるさっきよりああかえきた」がすこふくらむしんの、そらせまごたついた(注5)ふうけいきれいだとおもこといちないけれどでもかえくるまいかいちか(注6)おもとかきらではなくてわたしふくいるかのようちかさをおぼのだ。

せんなりくうこうまでひとむかいったたびにおいまだのうこうただよいるひととうちゃくぐちむかいっしょ列車れっしゃたびはなしながらまどそとながいてちょっとびっくりしたたびからかえ景色けしきぜんぜんちが退たいくつな、べきところないでんえんふうけいひろいるのであるそうか、たびあとじゃないと、ただにちじょうこうけいなのか。しんちかくるまどほかわたしいるこうけいと、たびからかえひとからいる景色けしきは、まったくちがだろなあおも

たびというのは、くうこうときのではなくてしゅう景色けしきが、わざわざことないにちじょうもどときのだと

つのみつトランヴェール2012ねん3つきごうによる

ちゅう1)なりくうこう日本にっぽんこくさいくうこう

ちゅう2)むせかえるような:ここでは、あっとうされるよう

ちゅう3)すいぼくすみ使つかしろくろのうたんえが

ちゅう4)そくここでは、によって

ちゅう5)ごたつくごちゃごちゃする

ちゅう6)ちかここでは、しんてきちか

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1帰ってきたなあと実感するのは、どんなときか。
  2. 2外国を旅しているときの、筆者の自然に対する反応はどのようなものか。
  3. 3帰国したときに都心の風景を見て、筆者はどう感じるのか。
  4. 4筆者は、旅というものをどのようにとらえているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary12 words
  • 味わえるあじわえるAs it appears here: 味わえない
    • ·flavour; flavor; taste
    • ·charm; appeal; interest; meaning; significance
    N1
  • 一面いちめん
    • ·one face; one surface
    • ·the whole surface
    • ·one aspect; one side
    • ·(on) the other hand
    • ·one broad, flat object
    • ·front page (e.g. newspaper)
    N1
  • 色彩しきさい
    • ·colour; color; hue; tints
    N1
  • なんと
    • ·what; how
    • ·what (a) ...!; how ...!
    • ·surprisingly; to my amazement; believe it or not; why, ...!
    • ·oh my; wow
    • ·well, ...; so, ...
    N1
  • 強烈きょうれつ
    • ·strong; intense; severe
    N1
  • 先だってせんだって
    • ·the other day; some time ago; recently
    N1
  • 漂うただようAs it appears here: 漂わせて
    • ·to drift; to float
    • ·to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air
    • ·to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood)
    • ·to wander; to walk around aimlessly
    • ·to be unsteady; to be unstable
    • ·to falter; to flinch; to wince
    • ·to live in unreliable circumstances
    N1
  • 乗り込むのりこむAs it appears here: 乗り込んだ
    • ·to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to go on board; to get aboard
    • ·to march into; to enter; to arrive (at, in)
    N1
  • 終わるおわる
    • ·to end; to come to an end; to finish; to close; to be over
    • ·to finish; to complete; to conclude
    • ·to finish doing
    • ·to be past its (one's) prime
    • ·to be awful; to be terrible; to suck; to be hopeless
    N1
  • わざわざ
    • ·expressly; especially; specially; taking the trouble (to do); going to the trouble of (doing); going out of one's way (to do)
    • ·intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
    N1
  • ごう
    • ·number; edition; make; model; issue; part of that group
    • ·sobriquet; pen-name
    • ·size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.)
    • ·suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
    N1
  • 即するそくする
    • ·to conform to; to agree with; to be adapted to; to be based on
    N1
Other levels144 words
  • 三日みっか
    • ·3rd day of the month
    • ·three days
    N5
  • 帰るかえるAs it appears here: 帰って
    • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
    • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
    • ·to get home; to get to home plate
    N5
  • 着くつく
    • ·to arrive at; to reach
    • ·to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
    N5
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • いつも
    • ·always; all the time; at all times
    • ·never
    • ·usual; regular; habitual; customary
    N5
  • いえ
    • ·house; residence; dwelling; home
    • ·family; household
    • ·lineage; family name
    N5
  • 帰るかえる
    • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
    • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
    • ·to get home; to get to home plate
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 乗るのるAs it appears here: 乗って
    • ·to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to board; to take; to embark
    • ·to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to jump on; to sit on; to mount
    • ·to reach; to go over; to pass
    • ·to follow; to stay (on track); to go with (the times, etc.)
    • ·to take part; to participate; to join
    • ·to get into the swing (and sing, dance, etc.)
    • ·to be deceived; to be taken in
    • ·to be carried; to be spread; to be scattered
    • ·to stick; to attach; to take; to go on
    N5
  • 話すはなすAs it appears here: 話して
    • ·to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
    • ·to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
    • ·to speak (a language)
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いて
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 静かしずか
    • ·quiet; silent
    • ·slow; unhurried
    • ·calm; peaceful
    N5
  • ほか
    • ·another place; some other place; somewhere else; outside
    • ·another (person or thing); other; different; something else; someone else; the rest; et al.
    • ·beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
    • ·except; but; other than; apart from
    • ·besides; in addition to; as well as; on top of
    N5
  • 出るでる
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • まど
    • ·window
    N5
  • そと
    • ·outside; exterior
    • ·the open (air)
    • ·other place; somewhere else; outside one's group (family, company, etc.)
    N5
  • 見るみる
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • みどり
    • ·green
    • ·greenery; verdure
    N5
  • 茶色ちゃいろ
    • ·brown; light brown; tawny
    N5
  • みず
    • ·water (esp. cool or cold)
    • ·fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid
    • ·flood; floodwaters
    • ·water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
    • ·break granted to wrestlers engaged in a prolonged bout
    N5
  • そら
    • ·sky; the air; the heavens
    • ·weather
    • ·far-off place; distant place
    • ·state of mind; feeling
    • ·(from) memory; (by) heart
    • ·falsehood; lie
    • ·somehow; vaguely
    • ·fake
    N5
  • 青いあおいAs it appears here: 青かったり
    • ·blue; azure
    • ·green
    • ·pale (facial color); gray; grey
    • ·unripe; inexperienced
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 近くちかく
    • ·near; neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
    • ·nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to
    • ·shortly; soon
    N5
  • そうして
    • ·and; like that
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • 歩くあるく
    • ·to walk
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • まち
    • ·town; block; neighbourhood; neighborhood
    • ·downtown; main street
    • ·street; road
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • みるAs it appears here: みて
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • くに
    • ·country; state
    • ·region
    • ·national government; central government
    • ·home (i.e. hometown, home country)
    • ·province (of Japan)
    • ·land; earth
    N5
  • やま
    • ·mountain; hill
    • ·mine
    • ·(mountain) forest
    • ·heap; pile; stack; mountain
    • ·protruding or high part of an object; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw); tread (of a tire)
    • ·climax; peak; critical point
    • ·guess; speculation; gamble
    • ·(criminal) case; crime
    • ·mountain climbing; mountaineering
    • ·festival float (esp. one mounted with a decorative halberd)
    • ·deck (from which players draw cards); draw pile; stock
    • ·wall; wall tile
    • ·wild
    N5
  • いろ
    • ·colour; color; hue; tint; tinge; shade
    • ·complexion; skin colour; skin color
    • ·look (on one's face); expression
    • ·appearance; air; feeling
    • ·personality; character
    • ·tone (of one's voice, etc.); tune; sound; ring
    • ·love; lust; sensuality; love affair
    • ·lover; paramour
    • ·beauty; sexiness; physical appeal
    • ·kind; type; variety
    N5
  • かわ
    • ·river; stream
    • ·River; the ... river
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here: 見て
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • うみ
    • ·sea; ocean; waters
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 少ないすくないAs it appears here: 少なく
    • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
    N5
  • 建物たてもの
    • ·building
    N5
  • 狭いせまい
    • ·narrow; confined; small; cramped
    • ·limited; narrow-minded; confining
    N5
  • 好きすき
    • ·liking; being fond of; to one's liking; to one's taste; preferred; favourite
    • ·liking (romantically); being in love with; beloved
    • ·faddism; eccentricity
    • ·as one likes; as it suits one
    • ·lecherous; lustful; salacious
    N5
  • 嫌いきらい
    • ·disliked; hated; disagreeable
    • ·tendency; smack (of); touch (of)
    • ·distinction; discrimination
    N5
  • 覚えるおぼえる
    • ·to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
    • ·to learn; to pick up; to acquire
    • ·to feel
    • ·to think; to regard
    N5
  • いくAs it appears here: いった
    • ·to go; to move (towards); to head (towards); to leave (for)
    • ·to move through; to travel across; to walk along (e.g. a road)
    • ·to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to turn out; to get along
    • ·to do (in a particular way); to go (with; a choice); to try
    • ·to pass (of time, seasons, etc.); to go by
    • ·to stream; to flow
    • ·to die; to pass away
    • ·to reach (a stage, extent, age, etc.); to get to; to go (so far as ...)
    • ·to reach (of information, instructions, wind, etc.); to arrive
    • ·to continue ...; to go on ...; to (progress) steadily; to gradually ...; to progressively ...
    • ·to have an orgasm; to come; to cum
    • ·to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination
    N5
  • まだ
    • ·still; as yet; only
    • ·(not) yet
    • ·more; (more) still
    • ·at least; comparatively; relatively
    • ·unfinished; incomplete; not yet done
    N5
  • ぐち
    • ·mouth
    • ·opening; hole; gap; orifice
    • ·mouth (of a bottle); spout; nozzle; mouthpiece
    • ·gate; door; entrance; exit
    • ·speaking; speech; talk (i.e. gossip)
    • ·taste; palate
    • ·mouth (to feed)
    • ·opening (i.e. vacancy); available position
    • ·invitation; summons
    • ·kind; sort; type
    • ·opening (i.e. beginning)
    • ·counter for mouthfuls, shares (of money) and stove burners
    • ·counter for swords, blades, etc.
    N5
  • いっしょ
    • ·(doing) together
    • ·one lump; one mixture; the same category
    • ·the same; identical
    • ·(at) the same time
    N5
  • はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞き
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • ちょっと
    • ·a little; a bit; slightly
    • ·just a minute; for a moment; briefly
    • ·somewhat; rather; fairly; pretty; quite
    • ·(not) easily; (not) readily
    • ·hey!; come on; excuse me
    • ·thanks, but no; not feasible; not possible
    • ·a little more than (a week, month, etc.); slightly more than
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 違うちがう
    • ·to differ (from); to be different; to be distinct; to be unlike; to vary; to disagree (with)
    • ·to be wrong; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
    • ·to become abnormal; to go wrong
    • ·isn't it?; wasn't it?
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • あと
    • ·behind; rear
    • ·after; later
    • ·remainder; the rest
    • ·more (e.g. five more minutes); left
    • ·also; in addition
    • ·descendant; successor; heir
    • ·after one's death
    • ·past; previous
    N5
  • 帰るかえるAs it appears here: 帰った
    • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
    • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
    • ·to get home; to get to home plate
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 着くつくAs it appears here: 着いた
    • ·to arrive at; to reach
    • ·to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知った
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使って
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
    • ·picture; drawing; painting; sketch
    • ·image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
    N5
  • 近いちかい
    • ·near; close; short (distance)
    • ·close (in time); soon
    • ·close (relationship); friendly; intimate
    • ·closely related
    • ·similar; almost the same; close to; nearly
    N5
  • 向かうむかう
    • ·to face
    • ·to go towards; to head towards
    N4
  • これから
    • ·from now on; after this; in the future; in future
    • ·from here; from this point
    N4
  • 景色けしき
    • ·scenery; scene; landscape
    N4
  • 空港くうこう
    • ·airport
    N4
  • しばらく
    • ·for a moment; for a minute
    • ·for a while; for some time
    • ·for the time being; for now
    • ·it's been a long time; long time no see
    N4
  • 続くつづく
    • ·to continue; to last; to go on
    • ·to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
    • ·to occur again and again
    • ·to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
    • ·to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
    • ·to hold out; to keep; to last
    N4
  • 季節きせつ
    • ·season; time of year
    N4
  • 遠くとおく
    • ·far away; distant place; a (great) distance; a long way off; afar
    • ·long ago; far back; far (into the future)
    • ·by far
    N4
  • 見えるみえるAs it appears here: 見えたり
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • 非常にひじょうに
    • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
    N4
  • やわらかい
    • ·soft; tender; supple; flexible; limber; limp
    • ·gentle; mild; soft; mellow
    • ·light (topic, book, etc.); informal
    • ·flexible (thinking, mind, etc.); malleable; adaptable
    N4
  • 以外いがい
    • ·excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
    • ·outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
    N4
  • 田舎いなか
    • ·rural area; countryside; the sticks
    • ·hometown
    N4
    • ·leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; frond; foliage
    N4
  • 落ちるおちるAs it appears here: 落ちた
    • ·to fall; to drop; to come down; to crash; to collapse; to cave in; to give way
    • ·to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to dip; to go down
    • ·to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to drop; to go down; to decline; to deteriorate; to abate (of wind)
    • ·to be inferior (to); to be not as good (as); to fall short (of)
    • ·to come off (of dirt, paint, makeup, etc.); to come out (of a stain); to fade (of colour); to be removed (of an illness, possessing spirit, etc.)
    • ·to disappear (of excess fat); to become thinner; to become leaner
    • ·to be left out; to be omitted; to be missing
    • ·to fail (an exam); to lose (a contest, election, etc.); to be unsuccessful
    • ·to decline (of morals, character, etc.); to become vulgar (e.g. of a conversation); to stoop (to); to sink (so low)
    • ·to be ruined; to go under; to fall (into hell)
    • ·to fall (in love, asleep, etc.)
    • ·to fall (into someone's hands); to be accepted (of a bid); to be won (of a tender); to be honoured (of a bill)
    • ·to fall into (a trap); to fall for (a trick)
    • ·to give in
    • ·to confess; to own up
    • ·to come to (a conclusion, topic, etc.); to arrive at (in the end)
    • ·to leave (a city, castle, etc.); to (be defeated and) flee
    • ·to sink in; to be accepted (in one's heart)
    • ·to fall (to the enemy); to be defeated
    • ·to come in (of money)
    • ·to fall (upon; of light, a shadow, one's gaze, etc.)
    • ·to pass out (in judo); to fall unconscious
    • ·to go down (of a website, server, etc.); to crash
    • ·to log out (of an online game, chat room, etc.); to drop out; to leave; to go offline
    • ·to move to deeper water (of a fish in cold weather)
    • ·to die (of an animal)
    • ·to strike (of lightning)
    N4
  • えだ
    • ·branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
    N4
  • とくべつ
    • ·special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思わない
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 思うおもう
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 増えるふえるAs it appears here: 増えて
    • ·to increase; to multiply
    N4
  • さっき
    • ·a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思った
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 一度いちど
    • ·once; one time; on one occasion
    • ·temporarily; for a moment
    • ·one degree; one tone; one musical interval
    N4
  • 迎えるむかえるAs it appears here: 迎え
    • ·to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to greet; to salute; to hail
    • ·to call for; to summon; to invite
    • ·to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
    • ·to reach (a certain time, a point in one's life, etc.); to enter (a new phase, new era, etc.); to approach (e.g. death)
    N4
  • 戻るもどるAs it appears here: 戻った
    • ·to turn back (e.g. half-way)
    • ·to return; to go back
    • ·to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned
    • ·to rebound; to spring back
    N4
  • 変わるかわる
    • ·to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
    • ·to move to
    • ·to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual
    N4
  • あるいは
    • ·or; either ... or
    • ·maybe; perhaps; possibly
    • ·some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
    N3
  • たび
    • ·travel; trip; journey
    N3
  • 列車れっしゃ
    • ·train; railway train
    N3
  • 不思議ふしぎ
    • ·wonderful; marvelous; strange; incredible; amazing; curious; miraculous; mysterious
    • ·strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason; curiously
    N3
  • 疲れつかれ
    • ·tiredness; fatigue
    N3
  • 緊張きんちょう
    • ·tension; strain; nervousness; stress
    • ·tensions (between countries, groups, etc.)
    • ·tonus; muscle tone
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • はるAs it appears here: はられた
    • ·to stick; to paste; to affix
    • ·to stretch; to spread; to strain; to tighten; to put up (e.g. a tent)
    • ·to form (e.g. ice on a pond)
    • ·to fill; to swell
    • ·to stick out; to push out
    • ·to post (a link, etc. online)
    • ·to be expensive
    • ·to keep a watch on; to be on the lookout
    • ·to slap
    • ·to become one tile away from completion
    • ·to span; to generate
    N3
  • 濃いこい
    • ·deep (colour); dark
    • ·strong (flavour, smell, etc.)
    • ·thick (consistency); dense
    • ·strong (possibility, etc.)
    • ·thick (i.e. "as thick as thieves"); close; deep (love, etc.)
    N3
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • ゆたか
    • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
    • ·open (mind); relaxed; easy
    • ·plump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
    • ·(well) over; (easily) in excess of
    N3
  • 光景こうけい
    • ·scene; spectacle; sight; view
    N3
  • はり
    • ·needle; pin
    • ·hook
    • ·stinger; thorn
    • ·hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
    • ·staple (for a stapler)
    • ·needlework; sewing
    • ·malice
    • ·counter for stitches
    N3
  • 程度ていど
    • ·degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about; approximately
    N3
  • 抱くいだく
    • ·to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug
    • ·to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.); to harbor; to bear (a grudge, ill will, etc.); to entertain (hope, illusions, etc.); to cherish (e.g. an ambition)
    N3
  • 何もなにも
    • ·(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any; nothing
    • ·and everything else; and all
    • ·(not) at all; (not) in the least; (not) especially; (not) to that extent
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • 風景ふうけい
    • ·scenery; scene; landscape; view; sight
    • ·scene (e.g. of a crime)
    N3
  • 含むふくむAs it appears here: 含まれて
    • ·to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace
    • ·to hold in the mouth
    • ·to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour
    • ·to express (emotion, etc.); to imply
    N3
  • におい
    • ·smell; scent; odour; odor; stench
    • ·aura; whiff; smack; flavour; flavor; mood
    • ·faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
    N3
  • 到着とうちゃく
    • ·arrival
    N3
  • 眺めるながめるAs it appears here: 眺めて
    • ·to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
    • ·to look out over; to get a view of; to admire (e.g. the scenery)
    • ·to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch; to observe
    N3
  • びっくり
    • ·to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be astonished; to get startled; to jump
    • ·surprise (e.g. surprise party)
    N3
  • ぜんぜん
    • ·(not) at all; (not) in the slightest
    • ·wholly; entirely; completely; totally
    • ·extremely; very
    N3
  • 退屈たいくつ
    • ·tedious; boring; dull; uninteresting; tiresome; monotonous
    • ·to feel bored; to get bored (with); to get tired (of)
    N3
  • 広がるひろがるAs it appears here: 広がって
    • ·to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
    N3
  • ただ
    • ·ordinary; common; usual
    • ·free of charge
    • ·unaffected; as is; safe
    • ·only; merely; just; simply
    • ·but; however; nevertheless
    N3
  • 日常にちじょう
    • ·everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
    N3
  • まったく
    • ·really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly
    • ·indeed
    • ·good grief
    N3
  • 周囲しゅうい
    • ·surroundings; environs
    • ·circumference
    N3
  • つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 描くえがくAs it appears here: 描かれた
    • ·to draw; to paint; to sketch
    • ·to depict; to describe
    • ·to picture in one's mind; to imagine
    • ·to form a certain shape (e.g. path of an action, appearance of an object, etc.)
    N3
  • 都心としん
    • ·city centre (esp. of Tokyo); heart of a city; downtown area
    N2
  • 混ざるまざるAs it appears here: 混ざり
    • ·to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
    N2
  • 映すうつすAs it appears here: 映して
    • ·to project; to reflect; to cast (shadow)
    N2
  • 迫るせまるAs it appears here: 迫って
    • ·to approach; to draw near; to be imminent
    • ·to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
    N2
  • あらためて
    • ·another time; again; over again; once again; anew
    • ·formally; especially; intentionally; deliberately
    N2
  • 実感じっかん
    • ·real feeling; actual feeling
    • ·to actually feel; to have a real feeling (that ...); to experience personally
    N2
  • 見慣れるみなれるAs it appears here: 見慣れた
    • ·to get used to seeing; to become accustomed to seeing; to be familiar with
    N2
  • 感想かんそう
    • ·impressions; thoughts; feelings; reactions
    N2
  • 四季しき
    • ·the four seasons
    N2
  • 看板かんばん
    • ·signboard; sign; billboard; hoarding; doorplate
    • ·draw; attraction; feature; highlight; spokesman; figurehead
    • ·reputation (of a shop); name
    • ·appearance; look; show
    • ·closing (for the day, esp. of a restaurant or bar); closing time
    N2
  • ふくらむ
    • ·to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated
    N2
  • すみ
    • ·sumi; India ink; Chinese ink; ink stick; ink-cake
    • ·squid ink; octopus ink
    • ·carpenter's inking string
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • に即してN1

    Marks acting in conformity with facts, rules, or circumstances — 'in accordance with; based on; in line with.'

    木々の緑も、四季に即した山の色も、川も空も。

    The green of the trees, the colors of the mountains changing with the four seasons, the rivers, and the sky—all of them.

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    そうか、旅のあとじゃないと、ただの日常の光景なのか。

    So unless I have just returned from a journey, it is simply ordinary everyday scenery.

Other levels40 patterns
  • あるいはN2

    Presents an alternative or a possibility — 'or; or perhaps; alternatively'.

    アジアであれヨーロッパであれ、あるいは、三日であれ1カ月であれ、旅から帰って成田空港に着く。

    Whether I have been to Asia or Europe, whether for three days or a month, I return from my journey and arrive at Narita Airport.

  • に向かってN2

    Indicates the direction, goal, or target that motion or an action is aimed at; 'toward / facing'.

    都心に向かう列車には、旅から帰ってきた人と、これから旅する人たちが乗っている。

    On the train heading toward the city center are both people returning from trips and people about to set out on one.

  • 以外(いがい)N2

    Marks everything except the named item — 'other than ~', 'apart from ~', 'besides ~'.

    アジアにもヨーロッパにもそれ以外のどこにでも、ゆたかだったそうではなかったりする自然がある。

    In Asia, Europe, and everywhere else, too, there is nature—sometimes abundant, sometimes not.

  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    旅先で見てきた木々や空や海といったものが、なんと強烈な色を放っていたのかとこのときになって気づく。

    Only then do I realize just how intensely colored the trees, skies, and seas I saw on my travels had been.

  • 次第にN2

    Adverb describing a slow, incremental change — 'gradually, little by little'.

    窓の外に緑が少なくなって、次第に家やビルが増えてくる。

    The greenery outside the window diminishes, while houses and buildings gradually increase.

  • かのようにN2

    Likens a situation to something known to be contrary to fact — 'as if / as though'.

    好きとか嫌いではなくて、私に含まれているかのような近しさを覚えるのだ。

    It is not a matter of liking or disliking it; I feel a closeness as though it were somehow contained within me.

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    帰る人の疲れと、旅する人の緊張が混ざり合ったような、ほかの路線ではなかなか味わえない静けさである。

    It is a kind of quiet rarely experienced on other train lines, as though the fatigue of those returning were mingled with the tension of those about to travel.

  • しばらくN3

    For a short while / for some time — 'for a while', 'for the time being'.

    空港からしばらくは、田園風景が続く。

    For some time after leaving the airport, rural scenery continues.

  • によって/によるN33 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    彼方まで続く田んぼは、季節によって一面の緑だったり茶色だったり、はられた水が空を映して青かったりする。

    The rice fields stretching into the distance may be entirely green or brown depending on the season, or blue when the water filling them reflects the sky.

  • についてN3

    Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.

    緑の多い町だ、とか、水墨画みたいだ、とか、その程度の感想は抱くが、その色彩についてとくべつ何も思わない。

    I may think something like, “What a green city,” or “It looks like an ink-wash painting,” but I do not think anything in particular about the colors themselves.

  • につれてN3

    Expresses that as one thing changes, another changes proportionally alongside it; 'as', 'in proportion to'.

    都心が近づくにつれ、どんどん建物や看板が増えてくる。

    As the city center draws nearer, buildings and signs multiply rapidly.

  • というのはN3

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    というのは、空港に着いたときに終わるのではなくて、周囲の景色が、わざわざ目を凝らすこともない日常に戻ったときに終わるのだと知った。

    I realized that a journey does not end when one arrives at the airport; it ends when the surrounding scenery returns to being so ordinary that one no longer makes any effort to look closely at it.

  • わざわざN3

    Adverb marking that someone went out of their way or took special trouble to do something — 'expressly, specially, all the way'.

    旅というのは、空港に着いたときに終わるのではなくて、周囲の景色が、わざわざ目を凝らすこともない日常に戻ったときに終わるのだと知った。

    I realized that a journey does not end when one arrives at the airport; it ends when the surrounding scenery returns to being so ordinary that one no longer makes any effort to look closely at it.

  • 的(てき)N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    (注6)近しい:ここでは、心理的に近い

    (Note 6) 近しい: here, psychologically close or familiar

  • 〜てくるN410 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    都心に向かう列車には、旅から帰ってきた人と、これから旅する人たちが乗っている。

    On the train heading toward the city center are both people returning from trips and people about to set out on one.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    話している人たちがいても、不思議に静かだ。

    Even when people are talking, the train is strangely quiet.

  • ようだN44 times in this passage

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    帰る人の疲れと、旅する人の緊張が混ざり合ったような、ほかの路線ではなかなか味わえない静けさである。

    It is a kind of quiet rarely experienced on other train lines, as though the fatigue of those returning were mingled with the tension of those about to travel.

  • に見える(にみえる)N4

    Expresses how something appears or seems to an observer, 'to look ~ / to seem ~.'

    山々が、遠くに見えたり近くに迫ってきたりする。

    The mountains sometimes appear far away and sometimes seem to draw close.

  • ことになるN4

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    田舎を旅すればむせかえるような緑のなかを歩くことになる

    Traveling through the countryside, one may walk amid greenery so dense that it feels overwhelming.

  • ように / ようなN4

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    葉の落ちた木々が針のような枝を空に突き刺す景色に見とれることもある。

    At other times one is captivated by the sight of leafless trees thrusting needle-like branches into the sky.

  • とか~とかN43 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    緑の多い町だ、とか、水墨画みたいだ、とか、その程度の感想は抱くが、その色彩についてとくべつ何も思わない。

    I may think something like, “What a green city,” or “It looks like an ink-wash painting,” but I do not think anything in particular about the colors themselves.

  • みたいだN4

    Expresses an impression or inference that something appears to be the case, "seems like / looks like".

    緑の多い町だ、とか、水墨画みたいだ、とか、その程度の感想は抱くが、その色彩についてとくべつ何も思わない。

    I may think something like, “What a green city,” or “It looks like an ink-wash painting,” but I do not think anything in particular about the colors themselves.

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    旅先で見てきた木々や空や海といったものが、なんと強烈な色を放っていたのかとこのときになって気づく。

    Only then do I realize just how intensely colored the trees, skies, and seas I saw on my travels had been.

  • ときN43 times in this passage

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    旅先で見てきた木々や空や海といったものが、なんと強烈な色を放っていたのかとこのときになって気づく。

    Only then do I realize just how intensely colored the trees, skies, and seas I saw on my travels had been.

  • さっきN4

    Colloquial adverb meaning a short time ago — 'a moment ago, just now'.

    さっきより「ああ、帰ってきた」がもう少しふくらむ。

    My sense of “Ah, I am back” swells a little more than before.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    さっきより「ああ、帰ってきた」がもう少しふくらむ。

    My sense of “Ah, I am back” swells a little more than before.

  • と思う(とおもう)N42 times in this passage

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    都心の、空の狭い、ごたついた風景がきれいだと思ったことは一度もないけれど、でも、帰ってくると毎回近しく思う。

    I have never once thought the cramped, cluttered city-center landscape with its narrow sky was beautiful, yet whenever I return, it feels familiar and close to me.

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    旅の話を聞きながら、窓の外を眺めていて、ちょっとびっくりした。

    As I listened to stories of the trip and looked out the window, I was slightly startled.

  • いつもN5

    Adverb expressing habitual, unchanging frequency, "always / usually".

    (中略)私はいつもバスではなくて列車で家まで帰る。

    (Omitted) I always travel home by train rather than by bus.

  • じゃない・ではないN52 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    (中略)私はいつもバスではなくて列車で家まで帰る。

    (Omitted) I always travel home by train rather than by bus.

  • までN53 times in this passage

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    (中略)私はいつもバスではなくて列車で家まで帰る。

    (Omitted) I always travel home by train rather than by bus.

  • 〜ているN58 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    都心に向かう列車には、旅から帰ってきた人と、これから旅する人たちが乗っている

    On the train heading toward the city center are both people returning from trips and people about to set out on one.

  • 〜たり〜たりN56 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    彼方まで続く田んぼは、季節によって一面の緑だったり茶色だったり、はられた水が空を映して青かったりする。

    The rice fields stretching into the distance may be entirely green or brown depending on the season, or blue when the water filling them reflects the sky.

  • なあN52 times in this passage

    Sentence-ending particle that voices emotion, admiration, or a wish, like "..., isn't it!" or "I wish...".

    冬枯れの景色でも、緑濃い初夏でも、自然の色彩が非常にやわらかいことに毎回あらためて気づかされて、そうして、帰ってきたなあと実感する。

    Whether it is the withered landscape of winter or the deep green of early summer, every time I am struck anew by how extraordinarily soft the colors of nature are, and then I truly feel: “I am home.”

  • がありますN5

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    アジアにもヨーロッパにもそれ以外のどこにでも、ゆたかだったそうではなかったりする自然がある

    In Asia, Europe, and everywhere else, too, there is nature—sometimes abundant, sometimes not.

  • けれどもN5

    More formal contrastive conjunction linking two clauses — "but / however / although."

    都心の、空の狭い、ごたついた風景がきれいだと思ったことは一度もないけれど、でも、帰ってくると毎回近しく思う。

    I have never once thought the cramped, cluttered city-center landscape with its narrow sky was beautiful, yet whenever I return, it feels familiar and close to me.

  • まだN5

    Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."

    旅のにおいをまだ濃厚に漂わせている人を到着口で迎え、いっしょに列車に乗り込んだ。

    I met at the arrivals gate someone who still strongly carried the scent of travel, and we boarded the train together.

  • 一緒に(いっしょに)N5

    Indicates doing something jointly with someone or something else — "together (with)".

    旅のにおいをまだ濃厚に漂わせている人を到着口で迎え、いっしょに列車に乗り込んだ。

    I met at the arrivals gate someone who still strongly carried the scent of travel, and we boarded the train together.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    退屈な、見るべきところもない田園風景が広がっているのである。

    What spread before me was dull countryside with nothing particularly worth seeing.

  • んですN5

    Explanatory ending that supplies a reason, context, or emphasis — 'the thing is…', 'it's that…'.

    窓の外に私が見ている光景と、旅から帰ったひとから見ている景色は、まったく違うんだろうなあと思った。

    I thought that the scene I was seeing outside the window and the scene being seen by the person returning from a journey must be entirely different.

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