• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: されたり
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• どこ
  • ·where; what place
  • ·how much (long, far); what extent
  N5
• 書くかくAs it appears here: 書かれて
  • ·to write; to compose; to pen
  • ·to draw; to paint
  N5
• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 海うみ
  • ·sea; ocean; waters
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 中なか
  • ·inside; interior
  • ·among; within
  • ·middle; center; centre
  • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
  • ·interval; gap
  • ·mean; average
  • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
  • ·medium grade; medium quality
  • ·red-light district
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 毎日まいにち
  • ·every day; daily
  N5
• 起きるおきる
  • ·to get up; to rise; to blaze up (fire)
  • ·to wake up; to be awake; to stay awake
  • ·to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen; to take place
  N5
• 自分じぶん
  • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
  • ·I; me
  • ·you
  N5
• どう
  • ·how; in what way; how about
  N5
• するAs it appears here: したら
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• よい
  • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
  • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
  • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
  • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
  • ·easy to ...
  N5
• いるAs it appears here: いられる
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• 約束やくそく
  • ·promise; agreement; arrangement; one's word; contract; pact
  • ·appointment; engagement; date
  • ·convention; rule
  • ·destiny; fate
  N4
• わけ
  • ·reason; cause; grounds
  • ·meaning; sense
  • ·(good) sense; reason
  • ·circumstances; case
  • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
  N4
• 世界せかい
  • ·the world; society; the universe
  • ·sphere; circle; world
  • ·world-renowned; world-famous
  • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
  N4
• 安心あんしん
  • ·peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
  N4
• 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• これから
  • ·from now on; after this; in the future; in future
  • ·from here; from this point
  N4
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 意識いしき
  • ·consciousness
  • ·becoming aware (of); awareness; sense
  • ·mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
  N3
• なかば
  • ·middle; halfway; midway
  • ·half (of); one half
  • ·half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly; in part; partially
  • ·mostly; almost; nearly
  N3
• 守るまもるAs it appears here: 守られて
  • ·to protect; to guard; to defend
  • ·to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe; to obey; to follow
  N3
• 共にともに
  • ·together; jointly
  • ·at the same time; with; as ...; including; along with
  • ·both
  N3
• われわれ
  • ·we
  N3
• 何なに
  • ·what
  • ·you-know-what; that thing
  • ·whatsit; whachamacallit; what's-his-name; what's-her-name
  • ·penis; (one's) thing; dick
  • ·(not) at all; (not) in the slightest
  • ·what?; huh?
  • ·hey!; come on!
  • ·oh, no (it's fine); why (it's nothing); oh (certainly not)
  N3
• 行動こうどう
  • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
  N3
• 著者ちょしゃ
  • ·author (usu. of a particular book); writer
  N3
• 代表だいひょう
  • ·representation; representative; delegate; delegation
  • ·exemplification; typification; being representative of; being typical of; representative example; exemplar; model
  • ·leader
  • ·switchboard number; main number
  N3
• 理解りかい
  • ·understanding; comprehension; appreciation
  • ·sympathy
  N3
• 無数むすう
  • ·innumerable; countless; numberless
  N2
• 相互そうご
  • ·mutual; reciprocal
  N2
• 一々いちいち
  • ·one-by-one; separately
  • ·every single; each and every; without omission; fully; in detail
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• 的（てき）N33 times in this passage

  A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

  人間の社会的な日常生活は、無数の暗黙の約束を相互に共有することで成り立っています。

  Human social life in everyday society is sustained by our mutual sharing of countless tacit agreements.

• というのはN3

  Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

  暗黙というのは、そうした約束が明瞭に意識されたり、どこかにはっきり書かれているわけではないということです。

  By “tacit,” I mean that these agreements are neither clearly conscious nor explicitly written down anywhere.

• わけではないN3

  Partially denies an assumed conclusion — 'it's not (necessarily) that ~', 'doesn't necessarily mean ~'.

  暗黙というのは、そうした約束が明瞭に意識されたり、どこかにはっきり書かれているわけではないということです。

  By “tacit,” I mean that these agreements are neither clearly conscious nor explicitly written down anywhere.

• ということだN3

  Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

  暗黙というのは、そうした約束が明瞭に意識されたり、どこかにはっきり書かれているわけではないということです。

  By “tacit,” I mean that these agreements are neither clearly conscious nor explicitly written down anywhere.

• ずにN3

  Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.

  習慣化し、なかば無意識的に守られている社会的な約束事の海に、共に浸かっているから、われわれはこの世界の中に安心して毎日生きていられるのであり、これから何が起きるのか、自分はどう行動したらよいのか、一々思い悩まずにいられるわけです。

  Because we are all immersed in a sea of social conventions that have become habitual and are observed almost unconsciously, we can live each day in this world with a sense of security, without having to agonize every time over what will happen next or how we should act.

• わけだN3

  Presents a conclusion as the natural consequence of a stated reason — 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'so it means'.

  習慣化し、なかば無意識的に守られている社会的な約束事の海に、共に浸かっているから、われわれはこの世界の中に安心して毎日生きていられるのであり、これから何が起きるのか、自分はどう行動したらよいのか、一々思い悩まずにいられるわけです。

  Because we are all immersed in a sea of social conventions that have become habitual and are observed almost unconsciously, we can live each day in this world with a sense of security, without having to agonize every time over what will happen next or how we should act.

• によって/によるN3

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  （著者代表森亘『異文化への理解』による）

  (Based on “Understanding Other Cultures,” with Mori Wataru representing the authors)

• たらN4

  Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').

  習慣化し、なかば無意識的に守られている社会的な約束事の海に、共に浸かっているから、われわれはこの世界の中に安心して毎日生きていられるのであり、これから何が起きるのか、自分はどう行動したらよいのか、一々思い悩まずにいられるわけです。

  Because we are all immersed in a sea of social conventions that have become habitual and are observed almost unconsciously, we can live each day in this world with a sense of security, without having to agonize every time over what will happen next or how we should act.

• 〜ているN55 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  人間の社会的な日常生活は、無数の暗黙の約束を相互に共有することで成り立っています。

  Human social life in everyday society is sustained by our mutual sharing of countless tacit agreements.

• 〜たり〜たりN5

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  暗黙というのは、そうした約束が明瞭に意識されたり、どこかにはっきり書かれているわけではないということです。

  By “tacit,” I mean that these agreements are neither clearly conscious nor explicitly written down anywhere.

• のでN5

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  習慣化し、なかば無意識的に守られている社会的な約束事の海に、共に浸かっているから、われわれはこの世界の中に安心して毎日生きていられるのであり、これから何が起きるのか、自分はどう行動したらよいのか、一々思い悩まずにいられるわけです。

  Because we are all immersed in a sea of social conventions that have become habitual and are observed almost unconsciously, we can live each day in this world with a sense of security, without having to agonize every time over what will happen next or how we should act.