かのようにN2
Likens a situation to something known to be contrary to fact — 'as if / as though'.
それゆえ、私はインターネットの書評サイトなどで、まるで自分を神であるかのように本の優劣を断定しているものには激しい抵抗を感じる。
For that reason, I feel a strong aversion to reviews on Internet book-review sites that pronounce books superior or inferior as though the reviewer were God.
でしかないN2
Asserts something is nothing more than X, 'is merely / no more than ~'.
だが、あくまでもそれは、その人の知識と関心と人柄によっての判断でしかない。
But ultimately, it is only a judgment shaped by that person's knowledge, interests, and character.
というものだN2
Emphatically asserts the true nature of something or states an emphatic conclusion — "that's just how it is, that's what … really is".
つい神の立場でものを言いたくなる気持ちはわからないでもないが、それはあまりに傲慢というものだろう。
I can understand the temptation to speak as though one were in God's position, but surely that is far too arrogant.
ものがあるN2
Conveys the speaker's strong impression that something genuinely possesses a certain quality — 'there is something ... about it', 'it really does have...'.
私の本も、インターネットの書評サイトでかなり叩かれているものがある。
Some of my own books have also been attacked quite harshly on Internet book-review sites.
に過ぎないN2
Downplays something as merely that and nothing more — 'is nothing more than', 'merely'.
しかし、それは単に自分の背丈にあっていない本を求めただけのことに過ぎない。
But all that means is that they chose a book that did not suit their own level.
からにはN2
Signals that, given a decision or established fact, a fitting resolve or consequence naturally follows — 'now that ~', 'since ~'.
本について語るからには、あらゆる本に愛情を持つべきだと私は考えている。
I believe that anyone who speaks about books should have affection for all books.
〜てこそN2
Emphasizes that only by actually doing X does the result become true — 'it is only by/precisely by doing X that...'.
そうしてこそ、本を批判する資格を持つと思うのだ。
Only then, I believe, does one earn the right to criticize them.
というのはN3
Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.
本というのは、人間と同じようなものだ。
Books are much like people.
たものだN32 times in this passage
recalls a past habitual action with fondness or nostalgia, 'used to (do)'.
本というのは、人間と同じようなものだ。
Books are much like people.
によって/によるN33 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
一律の価値によって優劣を決めることはできない。
They cannot be ranked as better or worse according to a single uniform standard of value.
まるでN3
Signals a vivid simile or comparison, usually closed by ようだ/みたい (or, with a negative, 'not at all'), 'just like / as if'.
それゆえ、私はインターネットの書評サイトなどで、まるで自分を神であるかのように本の優劣を断定しているものには激しい抵抗を感じる。
For that reason, I feel a strong aversion to reviews on Internet book-review sites that pronounce books superior or inferior as though the reviewer were God.
ついN3
Marks an action done unintentionally or on impulse, in spite of oneself — "can't help but, without meaning to".
つい神の立場でものを言いたくなる気持ちはわからないでもないが、それはあまりに傲慢というものだろう。
I can understand the temptation to speak as though one were in God's position, but surely that is far too arrogant.
よりもN3
Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.
本をけなすと、自分が著者よりも偉くなったような気がするのだろう。
Perhaps criticizing a book makes people feel as though they have become superior to its author.
ような気がするN3
Expresses a vague subjective hunch or impression that something is the case — 'I get the feeling that…', 'it seems like…'.
本をけなすと、自分が著者よりも偉くなったような気がするのだろう。
Perhaps criticizing a book makes people feel as though they have become superior to its author.
例えば（たとえば）N3
Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.
たとえば、私はある参考書を出している。
For example, I have published a certain reference book.
としてN32 times in this passage
Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
ためにN32 times in this passage
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
というN3
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
ところがN3
Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".
ところが、の参考書を酷評する書評がある。
And yet there are reviews that severely criticize that reference book.
についてN3
Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.
本について語るからには、あらゆる本に愛情を持つべきだと私は考えている。
I believe that anyone who speaks about books should have affection for all books.
べきだN3
States what one ought to do as the right or expected course of action — 'should / ought to'.
本について語るからには、あらゆる本に愛情を持つべきだと私は考えている。
I believe that anyone who speaks about books should have affection for all books.
ときN4
Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."
それを求めている人の手に求めているときに渡れば、それは良書になる。
If a book reaches the hands of someone who needs it at the very time they need it, it becomes a good book.
などN4
Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.
それゆえ、私はインターネットの書評サイトなどで、まるで自分を神であるかのように本の優劣を断定しているものには激しい抵抗を感じる。
For that reason, I feel a strong aversion to reviews on Internet book-review sites that pronounce books superior or inferior as though the reviewer were God.
と思う（とおもう）N42 times in this passage
Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.
それはそれでやむをえないと思っている。
I regard that as something that cannot be helped.
たがるN4
Auxiliary attached to a verb stem describing the outward signs that a third party wants to do something ('seems eager to / keeps wanting to').
ある程度売れると、それをけなしたがる人間がいるものだ。
Once a book sells reasonably well, there will always be people who want to disparage it.
ようになるN42 times in this passage
Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".
私自身も本を書くようになる前、いや、正直に言うとある程度売れる本を出すようになる前、他人の本をずいぶんけなしたものだ。
I myself, before I started writing books—or, to be honest, before I started publishing books that sold reasonably well—used to criticize other people's books quite a lot.
ようにするN4
Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
〜てほしいN4
Expresses that the speaker wants someone else to perform the action — 'to want (someone) to (do)'.
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
〜の中でN4
Marks a set or group as the domain of a comparison — "among ~ / of all ~", typically paired with a superlative.
だから、私はその本の中では、敢えて難しいことは書いていない。
That is why I deliberately avoided writing anything too difficult in the book.
ようだN42 times in this passage
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
私がそのような意味で敢えてカットしたことを取り上げて、それが書かれていないからと批判されても、こちらとしては困ってしまう。
If people single out the very things I deliberately omitted for that reason and criticize the book because they are not included, there is little I can do.
てもN4
Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.
私がそのような意味で敢えてカットしたことを取り上げて、それが書かれていないからと批判されても、こちらとしては困ってしまう。
If people single out the very things I deliberately omitted for that reason and criticize the book because they are not included, there is little I can do.
〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4
Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.
私がそのような意味で敢えてカットしたことを取り上げて、それが書かれていないからと批判されても、こちらとしては困ってしまう。
If people single out the very things I deliberately omitted for that reason and criticize the book because they are not included, there is little I can do.
にくいN4
Attaches to a verb stem to say an action is hard to perform, 'difficult to ~ / hard to ~.'
知識のある人間が入門書を幼稚すぎるとけなし、知識のない人間が専門書をわかりにくいとけなす。
Knowledgeable people criticize introductory books as too childish, while people without sufficient knowledge criticize specialist books as too difficult to understand.
がありますN52 times in this passage
States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".
人気者がいるのと同じように、ベストセラーがある。
Just as there are popular people, there are bestsellers.
〜ているN514 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
だが、どれもがそれぞれの価値を持っている。
Yet each of them has its own value.
じゃない・ではないN5
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
もちろん、書評をするのは悪いことではない。
Of course, there is nothing wrong with reviewing books.
〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage
Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.
本を批判したりほめたりするのも、もちろん大事なことだ。
Criticizing or praising a book is, of course, important as well.
〜たいN5
Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.
つい神の立場でものを言いたくなる気持ちはわからないでもないが、それはあまりに傲慢というものだろう。
I can understand the temptation to speak as though one were in God's position, but surely that is far too arrogant.
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
本をけなすと、自分が著者よりも偉くなったような気がするのだろう。
Perhaps criticizing a book makes people feel as though they have become superior to its author.
だけN53 times in this passage
Limiting particle marking 'only / just' — restricts to the stated amount, degree, or item.
その趣旨としていることは、「大学の小論文・試験に何とか合格できるだけのレベルの小論文が書けるようにするため、最低限これだけの知識は持っていてほしい」という知識を整理した参考書だ。
Its purpose is to organize the knowledge that I believe students should possess at a minimum in order to become capable of writing short essays at a level just sufficient to somehow pass a university essay examination.
そしてN5
Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.
そして、その評の中には「この本を読んでも、かろうじて合格するくらいの力しかつかない」と書かれている。
One such review says, “Even after reading this book, all you gain is enough ability to barely pass.”
すぎるN5
Attaches to a verb or adjective stem to mean the action or quality is excessive, 'too much / overly ~'.
知識のある人間が入門書を幼稚すぎるとけなし、知識のない人間が専門書をわかりにくいとけなす。
Knowledgeable people criticize introductory books as too childish, while people without sufficient knowledge criticize specialist books as too difficult to understand.
しかしN5
Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.
しかし、それは単に自分の背丈にあっていない本を求めただけのことに過ぎない。
But all that means is that they chose a book that did not suit their own level.
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