といったN2
Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".
こういった変化によって、今の若者では消費に対するモノサシが変わり、「クルマ」や「高級ブランド品」といったバブル期の若者の欲していたものへの興味関心が相対的に薄れているのだろう。
Such changes have probably altered the standards by which today's young people judge consumption, relatively reducing their interest in things desired by young people during the bubble era, such as “cars” and “luxury brands.”
なくて済むN2
Manage without having to do X; avoid having to — 'don't have to, get by without doing'.
つまり、「若者はお金を使わない」わけでなく、お金を使わなくて済むようになり、価値観の変化により欲するものが変わってきている。
In other words, it is not that “young people do not spend money”; rather, they can now get by without spending as much, and changes in values have also changed what they want.
に対してN33 times in this passage
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
現在の若者世代は、「車離れ」などの言葉に象徴されるように消費に対して消極的な世代だととらえられることが多い。
Today's younger generation is often regarded as being reluctant to consume, as symbolized by expressions such as “moving away from cars.”
的（てき）N32 times in this passage
A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).
現在の若者世代は、「車離れ」などの言葉に象徴されるように消費に対して消極的な世代だととらえられることが多い。
Today's younger generation is often regarded as being reluctant to consume, as symbolized by expressions such as “moving away from cars.”
というN3
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
高級車やブランド品などかつて若者が憧れたものに見向きもしない若者が増加しているという。
It is said that a growing number of young people show no interest in things such as luxury cars and designer goods, which young people once aspired to own.
としてN3
Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
ためにN32 times in this passage
marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
ことがあるN3
After a plain verb, 'there are times when...'; after a past-tense verb (〜たことがある), 'have (ever) done, have the experience of'.
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
おかげでN3
Attributes a (usually favorable) result to a cause — 'thanks to', 'because of'.
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
わけではないN3
Partially denies an assumed conclusion — 'it's not (necessarily) that ~', 'doesn't necessarily mean ~'.
とはいえ、そのような若者たちも全く消費をしないわけではない。
Even so, this does not mean that such young people do not consume at all.
だけでなくN3
Correlative adding a further item beyond the one stated — 'not only ... (but also)'.
彼らは、単なるものだけではなく、人とのつながりや体験を共有するためにお金を使うのだ。
They spend money not merely on things, but also to connect with other people and share experiences.
によって/によるN34 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
若者の消費実態を俯瞰すると、今の若者は、デフレや流通環境の進化による消費社会の成熟化、情報通信をはじめとする技術進化の恩恵を受けて、バブル期の若者よりもお金をかけずに多様な商品・サービスを楽しめる環境にある。
Looking broadly at how young people actually consume, today's youth benefit from the maturation of consumer society brought about by deflation and advances in distribution, as well as technological progress, particularly in information and communications, and therefore live in an environment where they can enjoy a wider variety of goods and services for less money than young people during the bubble era.
をはじめN3
Cites X as the foremost representative example of a larger group — 'starting with X (among others)', 'X and the like'.
若者の消費実態を俯瞰すると、今の若者は、デフレや流通環境の進化による消費社会の成熟化、情報通信をはじめとする技術進化の恩恵を受けて、バブル期の若者よりもお金をかけずに多様な商品・サービスを楽しめる環境にある。
Looking broadly at how young people actually consume, today's youth benefit from the maturation of consumer society brought about by deflation and advances in distribution, as well as technological progress, particularly in information and communications, and therefore live in an environment where they can enjoy a wider variety of goods and services for less money than young people during the bubble era.
よりもN3
Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.
若者の消費実態を俯瞰すると、今の若者は、デフレや流通環境の進化による消費社会の成熟化、情報通信をはじめとする技術進化の恩恵を受けて、バブル期の若者よりもお金をかけずに多様な商品・サービスを楽しめる環境にある。
Looking broadly at how young people actually consume, today's youth benefit from the maturation of consumer society brought about by deflation and advances in distribution, as well as technological progress, particularly in information and communications, and therefore live in an environment where they can enjoy a wider variety of goods and services for less money than young people during the bubble era.
ずにN3
Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.
若者の消費実態を俯瞰すると、今の若者は、デフレや流通環境の進化による消費社会の成熟化、情報通信をはじめとする技術進化の恩恵を受けて、バブル期の若者よりもお金をかけずに多様な商品・サービスを楽しめる環境にある。
Looking broadly at how young people actually consume, today's youth benefit from the maturation of consumer society brought about by deflation and advances in distribution, as well as technological progress, particularly in information and communications, and therefore live in an environment where they can enjoy a wider variety of goods and services for less money than young people during the bubble era.
つまりN3
Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.
つまり、「若者はお金を使わない」わけでなく、お金を使わなくて済むようになり、価値観の変化により欲するものが変わってきている。
In other words, it is not that “young people do not spend money”; rather, they can now get by without spending as much, and changes in values have also changed what they want.
わけだN3
Presents a conclusion as the natural consequence of a stated reason — 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'so it means'.
つまり、「若者はお金を使わない」わけでなく、お金を使わなくて済むようになり、価値観の変化により欲するものが変わってきている。
In other words, it is not that “young people do not spend money”; rather, they can now get by without spending as much, and changes in values have also changed what they want.
などN42 times in this passage
Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.
現在の若者世代は、「車離れ」などの言葉に象徴されるように消費に対して消極的な世代だととらえられることが多い。
Today's younger generation is often regarded as being reluctant to consume, as symbolized by expressions such as “moving away from cars.”
と言われている（といわれている）N4
Passive 'say' plus progressive to state general hearsay or common belief — 'it is said that', 'people say that'.
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
ときN4
Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."
要因の一つとしては、収入が少なく未来に希望が持てないために節約志向の若者が増えていることがあると言われているが、生まれたときから多くのものに囲まれて育ったおかげで、ものそのものに対する欲求が低いことも挙げられよう。
One factor is said to be the growing number of thrifty young people who have low incomes and little hope for the future, but another may be that, having grown up surrounded by an abundance of things from birth, they have relatively little desire for material goods themselves.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
とはいえ、そのような若者たちも全く消費をしないわけではない。
Even so, this does not mean that such young people do not consume at all.
〜ていたN4
The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.
こういった変化によって、今の若者では消費に対するモノサシが変わり、「クルマ」や「高級ブランド品」といったバブル期の若者の欲していたものへの興味関心が相対的に薄れているのだろう。
Such changes have probably altered the standards by which today's young people judge consumption, relatively reducing their interest in things desired by young people during the bubble era, such as “cars” and “luxury brands.”
ようになるN4
Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".
つまり、「若者はお金を使わない」わけでなく、お金を使わなくて済むようになり、価値観の変化により欲するものが変わってきている。
In other words, it is not that “young people do not spend money”; rather, they can now get by without spending as much, and changes in values have also changed what they want.
〜てくるN4
Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.
つまり、「若者はお金を使わない」わけでなく、お金を使わなくて済むようになり、価値観の変化により欲するものが変わってきている。
In other words, it is not that “young people do not spend money”; rather, they can now get by without spending as much, and changes in values have also changed what they want.
〜ているN56 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
高級車やブランド品などかつて若者が憧れたものに見向きもしない若者が増加しているという。
It is said that a growing number of young people show no interest in things such as luxury cars and designer goods, which young people once aspired to own.
だろうN5
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
こういった変化によって、今の若者では消費に対するモノサシが変わり、「クルマ」や「高級ブランド品」といったバブル期の若者の欲していたものへの興味関心が相対的に薄れているのだろう。
Such changes have probably altered the standards by which today's young people judge consumption, relatively reducing their interest in things desired by young people during the bubble era, such as “cars” and “luxury brands.”
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