• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 時間じかん
  • ·time
  • ·hour
  • ·period; class; lesson
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しない
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• できる
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• するAs it appears here: される
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 手て
  • ·hand; arm
  • ·forepaw; foreleg
  • ·handle
  • ·hand; worker; help
  • ·trouble; care; effort
  • ·means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
  • ·hand; handwriting
  • ·kind; type; sort
  • ·one's hands; one's possession
  • ·ability to cope
  • ·hand (of cards)
  • ·direction
  • ·move (in go, shogi, etc.)
  N5
• 入るはいるAs it appears here: 入り
  • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
  • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
  • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
  • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
  • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
  • ·to be received; to be obtained
  • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
  • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
  • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
  • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
  • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
  • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
  • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
  N5
• するAs it appears here: したい
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 一つひとつ
  • ·one
  • ·for one thing
  • ·only
  • ·(not) even
  • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
  • ·some kind of; one type of
  N5
• するAs it appears here: された
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使って
  • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  • ·to use (language); to speak
  N5
• 書くかく
  • ·to write; to compose; to pen
  • ·to draw; to paint
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• かける
  • ·to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
  • ·to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
  • ·to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
  • ·to make (a call)
  • ·to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
  • ·to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
  • ·to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
  • ·to cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
  • ·to multiply (arithmetic operation)
  • ·to secure (e.g. lock)
  • ·to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
  • ·to bind
  • ·to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
  • ·to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
  • ·to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
  • ·to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
  • ·to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
  • ·to increase further
  • ·to catch (in a trap, etc.)
  • ·to set atop
  • ·to erect (a makeshift building)
  • ·to apply (insurance)
  • ·to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
  • ·to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...
  • ·to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)
  N5
• するAs it appears here: した
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: したり
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• はいるAs it appears here: はいって
  • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
  • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
  • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
  • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
  • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
  • ·to be received; to be obtained
  • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
  • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
  • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
  • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
  • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
  • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
  • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: されない
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: したら
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• どう
  • ·how; in what way; how about
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• もの
  • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
  • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  • ·quality
  • ·reason; the way of things
  • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
  • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
  • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  • ·really; truly
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• それ
  • ·that; it
  • ·then; that point (in time); that time
  • ·there
  • ·you
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できない
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• 少ないすくないAs it appears here: 少なかった
  • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
  N5
• 忙しいいそがしいAs it appears here: 忙しく
  • ·busy; occupied; hectic
  • ·restless; hurried; fidgety
  N5
• 強いつよいAs it appears here: 強く
  • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
  • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
  • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
  • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
  • ·firm; rigid; solid
  • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
  • ·dependable; trustworthy
  N5
• 大人おとな
  • ·adult; grown-up
  N5
• なぜ
  • ·why; how; for what reason
  N5
• 短いみじかい
  • ·short
  • ·brief
  N5
• それほど
  • ·to that degree; to that extent; that much
  N4
• 変わるかわるAs it appears here: 変わらない
  • ·to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
  • ·to move to
  • ·to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual
  N4
• 増えるふえる
  • ·to increase; to multiply
  N4
• わけ
  • ·reason; cause; grounds
  • ·meaning; sense
  • ·(good) sense; reason
  • ·circumstances; case
  • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
  N4
• 思うおもう
  • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
  • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
  • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • ·to expect; to look forward to
  • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
  • ·to recall; to remember
  N4
• 特にとくに
  • ·particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
  N4
• 考えるかんがえる
  • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
  • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
  • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
  • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
  • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
  • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
  • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 増えるふえるAs it appears here: 増えた
  • ·to increase; to multiply
  N4
• 以上いじょう
  • ·not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
  • ·beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; more than; further than
  • ·the above; the above-mentioned; the aforementioned; the foregoing
  • ·since ...; seeing that ...; now that ...; once ...
  • ·that's all; that is the end; the end
  N4
• うち
  • ·inside; within
  • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
  • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
  • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
  • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
  • ·we; our company; our organization
  • ·one's home; one's family
  • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
  • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
  • ·I; me
  • ·imperial palace grounds
  • ·emperor
  N4
• 場合ばあい
  • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
  N4
• はず
  • ·should (be); bound (to be); expected (to be); must (be)
  • ·nock (of a bow)
  • ·nock (of an arrow)
  • ·nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger)
  • ·wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
  N4
• 足りるたりるAs it appears here: 足り
  • ·to be sufficient; to be enough
  • ·to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to deserve
  • ·to do (the job); to serve; to answer
  N4
• 環境かんきょう
  • ·environment; surroundings; circumstances
  N3
• 神経しんけい
  • ·nerve
  • ·nerves; sensitivity
  N3
• 速度そくど
  • ·speed; velocity; pace; rate
  • ·velocity
  N3
• 処理しょり
  • ·processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
  N3
• 変化へんか
  • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
  • ·variety; diversity
  • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
  • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• 数かず
  • ·number; amount
  N3
• 様々さまざま
  • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
  N3
• 情報じょうほう
  • ·information; news; report; intelligence
  • ·information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.)
  • ·informatics (as a subject)
  N3
• もちろん
  • ·of course; certainly; naturally
  N3
• 大いにおおいに
  • ·very; very much; greatly; considerably; highly; exceedingly; a great deal; a lot; to one's heart's content
  N3
• 自身じしん
  • ·(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
  N3
• 論文ろんぶん
  • ·thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• あたり
  • ·(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity; nearby; surroundings
  • ·around; about; or thereabouts
  • ·for instance; say; such as
  N3
• ずいぶん
  • ·very; extremely; surprisingly; fairly; quite; considerably; awfully; terribly
  • ·terrible; horrid; contemptible; reprehensible
  • ·remarkable; extraordinary
  N3
• 減るへるAs it appears here: 減った
  • ·to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
  N3
• どうしても
  • ·by all means; at any cost; no matter what; at any rate; surely
  • ·whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; willy-nilly
  • ·on no account; by no means
  • ·in the end; in the long run; after all; eventually
  N3
• 経験けいけん
  • ·experience
  N3
• 学習がくしゅう
  • ·learning; study
  N3
• 基づくもとづくAs it appears here: 基づいて
  • ·to be based (on); to be founded (on); to be grounded (on); to be in accordance (with)
  • ·to be due to; to come (from); to arise (from); to originate (in)
  N3
• なかなか
  • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
  • ·by no means; not readily
  • ·middle; half-way point
  • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
  N3
• 実現じつげん
  • ·implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization; actualisation
  N3
• 生じるしょうじる
  • ·to produce; to yield; to cause
  • ·to result from; to arise; to be generated
  N3
• むしろ
  • ·rather; better; instead; if anything
  N3
• ころ
  • ·(approximate) time; around; about; toward
  • ·suitable time (or condition)
  • ·time of year; season
  N3
• 感覚かんかく
  • ·sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
  N3
• 筆者ひっしゃ
  • ·writer; author
  N2
• 原稿げんこう
  • ·manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution
  N2
• 清書せいしょ
  • ·fair copy; clean copy
  N2
• 段階だんかい
  • ·stage; step; phase
  • ·level; rank; grade; gradation
  • ·order
  • ·stairs
  N2
• 展開てんかい
  • ·development; evolution; progression; unfolding; (plot) twist
  • ·expansion; spreading out; extending; deployment; building up
  • ·expansion (of an algebraic expression)
  • ·development (of a three-dimensional shape)
  • ·extraction (of compressed data); decompression; unpacking
  • ·sharing (information)
  N2
• まとめる
  • ·to collect; to put (it all) together; to integrate; to consolidate; to unify
  • ·to summarize; to aggregate
  • ·to bring to a conclusion; to finalize; to settle; to put in order
  • ·to establish; to decide
  N2
• 一定いってい
  • ·to fix; to settle; to standardize; to regularize
  • ·constant; definite; uniform; defined; certain; prescribed
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• としてもN2

  Concessive hypothetical attached to a plain form; 'even if / even supposing (that)'.

  このことは、様々な情報が手に入り、やりたいこと、したいこと、そして実際にできる可能性が高まったとしても、①実際にできる事柄の数がそれほど増えるわけではないことを示唆している。

  This suggests that even if more kinds of information become available, the number of things we want to do increases, and the possibility of actually doing them grows, ① the number of things we can in fact accomplish does not increase all that much.

• 際にN2

  Formal 'on the occasion of / when', marking the time at which a (usually formal) action takes place.

  しかし、そうはいっても、論文を書く際に論理展開をまとめるのに要する時間はそれほど短縮されるわけではない。

  Even so, however, the time needed to organize the logical development of an argument when writing a paper is not reduced very much.

• 以上に（いじょうに）N2

  Marks that something exceeds a stated or expected degree — 'more than ~; even more than'.

  その時間が技術革新や経験、学習によって、増えた欲望を満たすのに必要な時間以上に短縮されないとしたらどうするだろうか。

  What would happen if technological innovation, experience, and learning could not shorten that time sufficiently in relation to the time required to satisfy our increased desires?

• に基づいてN2

  Marks the standard, rule, or evidence an action rests on; 'based on / on the basis of'.

  当然、潜在的な可能性に基づいて肥大する欲望のうち、実際に満たされるものは一部のみということになる。

  Naturally, of the desires that expand on the basis of our potential possibilities, only some will actually be satisfied.

• のみN2

  formal/written equivalent of だけ, limiting to one thing — 'only ~', 'nothing but ~'

  当然、潜在的な可能性に基づいて肥大する欲望のうち、実際に満たされるものは一部のみということになる。

  Naturally, of the desires that expand on the basis of our potential possibilities, only some will actually be satisfied.

• 的（てき）N32 times in this passage

  A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

  環境が高速化しても、私たちの神経的な伝達速度や知覚認知の処理時間は変化しないことから、人間が一時にできる認知的課題の数もそれほど変わらないことが推察される。

  Since our neural transmission speed and the time required for perceptual and cognitive processing do not change even when our environment becomes faster, it can be inferred that the number of cognitive tasks humans can perform at one time does not change very much either.

• ことからN3

  Introduces the fact or evidence from which a conclusion, name, or judgment follows — 'because of the fact that / which is why.'

  環境が高速化しても、私たちの神経的な伝達速度や知覚認知の処理時間は変化しないことから、人間が一時にできる認知的課題の数もそれほど変わらないことが推察される。

  Since our neural transmission speed and the time required for perceptual and cognitive processing do not change even when our environment becomes faster, it can be inferred that the number of cognitive tasks humans can perform at one time does not change very much either.

• わけではないN32 times in this passage

  Partially denies an assumed conclusion — 'it's not (necessarily) that ~', 'doesn't necessarily mean ~'.

  このことは、様々な情報が手に入り、やりたいこと、したいこと、そして実際にできる可能性が高まったとしても、①実際にできる事柄の数がそれほど増えるわけではないことを示唆している。

  This suggests that even if more kinds of information become available, the number of things we want to do increases, and the possibility of actually doing them grows, ① the number of things we can in fact accomplish does not increase all that much.

• によって/によるN33 times in this passage

  Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

  もちろん、技術革新によって、一つの事柄をやり遂げるまでに要する時間は大いに短縮された。

  Of course, technological innovation has greatly shortened the time required to complete a task.

• というN33 times in this passage

  Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

  特に、原稿を清書したり作図したり、という手作業の段階に要する時間はかなり減った。

  In particular, the time required for manual stages such as producing a clean copy of a manuscript or drawing figures has been greatly reduced.

• ためにN3

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  考えるためには、どうしてもそれなりの時間が必要だ。

  Thinking inevitably requires a certain amount of time.

• どうしてもN32 times in this passage

  Fixed adverb "no matter what / by all means"; with a negative predicate it means "(simply) cannot ... however hard one tries."

  考えるためには、どうしてもそれなりの時間が必要だ。

  Thinking inevitably requires a certain amount of time.

• とすれば・としたら・とするとN3

  'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

  その時間が技術革新や経験、学習によって、増えた欲望を満たすのに必要な時間以上に短縮されないとしたらどうするだろうか。

  What would happen if technological innovation, experience, and learning could not shorten that time sufficiently in relation to the time required to satisfy our increased desires?

• なかなかN3

  An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

  この場合、やりたいと、やれるはずのことは数多くあるのに、なかなかそれが実現できない②ジレンマが生じる。

  In that case, a ② dilemma arises: there are many things we want to do and ought to be able to do, yet we cannot readily make them happen.

• むしろN3

  Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

  そうなると、むしろ、できる事柄が少なかったころよりも時間が足りず、忙しく、やりたいことができないという感覚が強くなっているかもしれない。

  If so, we may actually feel more pressed for time, busier, and less able to do what we want than when there were fewer things we could do.

• よりもN3

  Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.

  そうなると、むしろ、できる事柄が少なかったころよりも時間が足りず、忙しく、やりたいことができないという感覚が強くなっているかもしれない。

  If so, we may actually feel more pressed for time, busier, and less able to do what we want than when there were fewer things we could do.

• てもN42 times in this passage

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  環境が高速化しても、私たちの神経的な伝達速度や知覚認知の処理時間は変化しないことから、人間が一時にできる認知的課題の数もそれほど変わらないことが推察される。

  Since our neural transmission speed and the time required for perceptual and cognitive processing do not change even when our environment becomes faster, it can be inferred that the number of cognitive tasks humans can perform at one time does not change very much either.

• までにN4

  Marks a deadline by which an action must be completed; 'by (a certain time).'

  もちろん、技術革新によって、一つの事柄をやり遂げるまでに要する時間は大いに短縮された。

  Of course, technological innovation has greatly shortened the time required to complete a task.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  筆者自身、パーソナルコンピュータを使って論文などを書くようになって、論文一本あたりにかける時間と労力はずいぶん減少したと思う。

  The author himself feels that since he began using a personal computer to write academic papers and the like, the time and effort spent on each paper have decreased considerably.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  筆者自身、パーソナルコンピュータを使って論文などを書くようになって、論文一本あたりにかける時間と労力はずいぶん減少したと思う。

  The author himself feels that since he began using a personal computer to write academic papers and the like, the time and effort spent on each paper have decreased considerably.

• と思う（とおもう）N4

  Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

  筆者自身、パーソナルコンピュータを使って論文などを書くようになって、論文一本あたりにかける時間と労力はずいぶん減少したと思う。

  The author himself feels that since he began using a personal computer to write academic papers and the like, the time and effort spent on each paper have decreased considerably.

• 〜のにN43 times in this passage

  Links two clauses so the result contradicts what the first clause leads you to expect — "even though ~ / although ~".

  しかし、そうはいっても、論文を書く際に論理展開をまとめるのに要する時間はそれほど短縮されるわけではない。

  Even so, however, the time needed to organize the logical development of an argument when writing a paper is not reduced very much.

• が必要（がひつよう）N4

  Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

  考えるためには、どうしてもそれなりの時間が必要だ。

  Thinking inevitably requires a certain amount of time.

• ことになるN4

  Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

  当然、潜在的な可能性に基づいて肥大する欲望のうち、実際に満たされるものは一部のみということになる。

  Naturally, of the desires that expand on the basis of our potential possibilities, only some will actually be satisfied.

• 頃（ころ / ごろ）N4

  Suffix/noun marking an approximate point in time; 'around (the time of), about when, back when'.

  そうなると、むしろ、できる事柄が少なかったころよりも時間が足りず、忙しく、やりたいことができないという感覚が強くなっているかもしれない。

  If so, we may actually feel more pressed for time, busier, and less able to do what we want than when there were fewer things we could do.

• かもしれないN4

  Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

  そうなると、むしろ、できる事柄が少なかったころよりも時間が足りず、忙しく、やりたいことができないという感覚が強くなっているかもしれない。

  If so, we may actually feel more pressed for time, busier, and less able to do what we want than when there were fewer things we could do.

• 〜たいN54 times in this passage

  Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

  このことは、様々な情報が手に入り、やりたいこと、したいこと、そして実際にできる可能性が高まったとしても、①実際にできる事柄の数がそれほど増えるわけではないことを示唆している。

  This suggests that even if more kinds of information become available, the number of things we want to do increases, and the possibility of actually doing them grows, ① the number of things we can in fact accomplish does not increase all that much.

• そしてN5

  Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

  このことは、様々な情報が手に入り、やりたいこと、したいこと、そして実際にできる可能性が高まったとしても、①実際にできる事柄の数がそれほど増えるわけではないことを示唆している。

  This suggests that even if more kinds of information become available, the number of things we want to do increases, and the possibility of actually doing them grows, ① the number of things we can in fact accomplish does not increase all that much.

• 〜ているN52 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  このことは、様々な情報が手に入り、やりたいこと、したいこと、そして実際にできる可能性が高まったとしても、①実際にできる事柄の数がそれほど増えるわけではないことを示唆している。

  This suggests that even if more kinds of information become available, the number of things we want to do increases, and the possibility of actually doing them grows, ① the number of things we can in fact accomplish does not increase all that much.

• 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  特に、原稿を清書したり作図したり、という手作業の段階に要する時間はかなり減った。

  In particular, the time required for manual stages such as producing a clean copy of a manuscript or drawing figures has been greatly reduced.

• しかしN5

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし、そうはいっても、論文を書く際に論理展開をまとめるのに要する時間はそれほど短縮されるわけではない。

  Even so, however, the time needed to organize the logical development of an argument when writing a paper is not reduced very much.

• だろうN5

  Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

  その時間が技術革新や経験、学習によって、増えた欲望を満たすのに必要な時間以上に短縮されないとしたらどうするだろうか。

  What would happen if technological innovation, experience, and learning could not shorten that time sufficiently in relation to the time required to satisfy our increased desires?

• 〜ことができるN5

  States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

  そうなると、むしろ、できる事柄が少なかったころよりも時間が足りず、忙しく、やりたいことができないという感覚が強くなっているかもしれない。

  If so, we may actually feel more pressed for time, busier, and less able to do what we want than when there were fewer things we could do.