やがてN2
Adverb signalling that something will come to pass after some time — "before long," "eventually," "in time."
そうすれば、相手もやがて心を開いて話し始めるだろう。
If you do that, the other person will eventually open up and begin talking as well.
によって/によるN32 times in this passage
Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.
雑談はいろいろな意見を交換し合うことによって、ヒントを得ようというスケールの大きな場である。
Casual conversation is a broad forum in which people exchange various opinions in the hope of gaining useful ideas.
というN36 times in this passage
Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.
雑談はいろいろな意見を交換し合うことによって、ヒントを得ようというスケールの大きな場である。
Casual conversation is a broad forum in which people exchange various opinions in the hope of gaining useful ideas.
に対してN3
Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.
そして相手の発言に対して、自分の意見を軽い気持ちで述べる、それが雑談である。
Then you casually state your own view in response to what the other person has said; that is casual conversation.
どんなに～てもN3
Concessive "no matter how (much) ..., still ..." — the result holds regardless of degree.
どんなに間違っている、バカバカしいと思われる意見であっても、いったんそれを受け入れること。
No matter how wrong or foolish an opinion may seem, first accept it for the moment.
よりもN3
Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.
「話し上手は聞き上手」という言葉があるように、雑談では「いかに発言するか」よりも「いかに聞くか」が大切になる。
As the saying goes, “A good talker is a good listener”; in casual conversation, “how to listen” is more important than “how to speak.”
てもN43 times in this passage
Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.
仮に自分とは反対意見であっても、まずは聞くという姿勢を保つこと、心理学のカウンセリングと同じである。
Even when an opinion is contrary to your own, you should first maintain an attitude of listening; this is the same principle used in psychological counseling.
と思う（とおもう）N43 times in this passage
Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.
どんなに間違っている、バカバカしいと思われる意見であっても、いったんそれを受け入れること。
No matter how wrong or foolish an opinion may seem, first accept it for the moment.
ようだN4
Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".
「なぜあの人はこのような発言をするのか」と考えていくと、自分がそれまで見落としていたことがあることに気がつくこともある。
When you ask yourself, “Why does that person say something like this?”, you may notice things that you yourself had previously overlooked.
〜ていくN4
Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.
「なぜあの人はこのような発言をするのか」と考えていくと、自分がそれまで見落としていたことがあることに気がつくこともある。
When you ask yourself, “Why does that person say something like this?”, you may notice things that you yourself had previously overlooked.
に気がつく（にきがつく）N4
To notice or become aware of something, the noticed thing marked by に, 'to notice / realize ~.'
「なぜあの人はこのような発言をするのか」と考えていくと、自分がそれまで見落としていたことがあることに気がつくこともある。
When you ask yourself, “Why does that person say something like this?”, you may notice things that you yourself had previously overlooked.
ときN4
Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."
気楽な気持ちのとき、人は本音を話すものだ。
When people feel relaxed, they tend to speak honestly.
らしいN4
Evidential auxiliary expressing an inference or hearsay from evidence — 'it seems / apparently ~'; also 'typical of, befitting ~'.
バカらしいと思う話もあるかもしれないが、雑談の中から相手の人間性が見えてくる。
Some of what is said may seem silly, but casual conversation can reveal the other person's character.
かもしれないN4
Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.
バカらしいと思う話もあるかもしれないが、雑談の中から相手の人間性が見えてくる。
Some of what is said may seem silly, but casual conversation can reveal the other person's character.
〜てくるN42 times in this passage
Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.
バカらしいと思う話もあるかもしれないが、雑談の中から相手の人間性が見えてくる。
Some of what is said may seem silly, but casual conversation can reveal the other person's character.
たらN4
Conditional/temporal ending on the plain-past stem meaning that once or if the first action happens, the second follows ('if / once / when ... then').
相手が話に乗ってきたと思ったら、そこで自分の本音を話してみよう。
Once you feel that the other person has become engaged in the conversation, try sharing your genuine thoughts.
〜てみるN4
Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.
相手が話に乗ってきたと思ったら、そこで自分の本音を話してみよう。
Once you feel that the other person has become engaged in the conversation, try sharing your genuine thoughts.
始める（はじめる）N4
Auxiliary attached to a verb's masu-stem meaning the action begins — 'start to do'.
そうすれば、相手もやがて心を開いて話し始めるだろう。
If you do that, the other person will eventually open up and begin talking as well.
〜ているN53 times in this passage
Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.
そこにいる誰もが自由に発言する権利を持っている。
Everyone present has the right to speak freely.
そしてN5
Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.
そして相手の発言に対して、自分の意見を軽い気持ちで述べる、それが雑談である。
Then you casually state your own view in response to what the other person has said; that is casual conversation.
までN5
Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."
「なぜあの人はこのような発言をするのか」と考えていくと、自分がそれまで見落としていたことがあることに気がつくこともある。
When you ask yourself, “Why does that person say something like this?”, you may notice things that you yourself had previously overlooked.
〜たことがあるN5
States that the speaker has had the experience of doing something at some point — “have done (before)”.
「なぜあの人はこのような発言をするのか」と考えていくと、自分がそれまで見落としていたことがあることに気がつくこともある。
When you ask yourself, “Why does that person say something like this?”, you may notice things that you yourself had previously overlooked.
がありますN5
States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".
「話し上手は聞き上手」という言葉があるように、雑談では「いかに発言するか」よりも「いかに聞くか」が大切になる。
As the saying goes, “A good talker is a good listener”; in casual conversation, “how to listen” is more important than “how to speak.”
だろうN52 times in this passage
Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.
雑談は無駄だという人がいるが、本当にそうだろうか。
Some people say casual conversation is a waste of time, but is that really true?
じゃない・ではないN5
Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".
そうはいっても、気楽に話せる雰囲気を作るのは簡単なことではない。
Even so, creating an atmosphere in which people can talk freely is not easy.
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