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N1 · AdvancedThematic comprehensionPassage #364
2

わたしは、がくふたたぶんのみするいとなもどべきかんがいるかべかざピカソように、なければないが、そこあればたのなければなにこころくうはくかんしまうそんなようようとしてがくあるなかやくというようしんぜんたわむ(注1)ながらぜんだいさをまないくがくのではないだろうか。こうしんたんきゅうしんもとこころそうぞうするちからつうせいへのあこがそのようにんげんかんせいさいだいげんれん(注2)してにんげんのうせいかくだいするいとなことある

むろんけいざい一辺倒いっぺんとうげんだいしゃかいでは、そんなげんしょてきがくゆる一般いっぱんぶんそうぞうにはきんかかるましてやがくこう実験じっけんコンピューターひつようから一定いっていとうしなければならず、そうすればかならそのぶんかえようきゅうされる。「ぶんよりしたコメを」というこえことないしゃかいムダおもものきんとうのを(注3)するからだ。それが「やくがくならねばならないよういんで、がくしゃセールスマンようつぎつぎあたらしょうひんようしてしゃかいようきゅうげいごうしていかねばならなくなるそれさかにとってあたかもなかぎゅう(注4)っているかようそんだいふるがくしゃすらとうじょうするようなったこれほどしゃかいこうけんしているのだからもっときんよこせ(注5)というわけあるきんとおがくしゃしゃかいあみ(注6)じょうたいだろうか。

それでいいのかとあらたかんがなおみるひつようあるたしがくにはきんかかりそれにはしゃかい。「ようよう」にすらならないムダおおだろう。しかしときがくかいかたおおちからいるじつがくそのちからによってぜんかんかいかん一変いっぺんさせしゃかいありようおおへんもたらしてきたしゃかいへのかえとは、そのようがいねんそうていきょうするやくあるのではないか。それまんひとくらいかくりつあるかもしれないが、がくいとなしてこうけんあるむろんてんさいとうじょうひつようあいおおが、そのいんすうめいがくしゃいたことわすならないそれらあってこそてんさいかつやくできるのである

こんひつようなのは、「ぶんとしてがく」をひろみんつたことありがくたのみんとともにきょうゆうすることある実際じっさいほんとうみんは「やくがく」ではなく、「やくけれどてきスリルあじがく」をもといるみんてきぼうけんしたいのだ。(ちゅうりゃくがくこうがくしゃというにんげんいとなからそこにはかずおおエピソードありせいこうしっぱいあるそれら一緒いっしょつむ(注7)ことによってぶんとしてがく」がゆたなっていくのではないだろうか。それ結果的けっかてきみんゆうよろこあたしんいる

いけうちりょうがくげんかいによる

ちゅう1)ここでは、

ちゅう2)れんするきたみが

ちゅう3)するきら

ちゅう4)ぎゅうおもどおうご

ちゅう5)よこせくれ

ちゅう6)もうじょうたいここでは、じょうたい

ちゅう7)つむここでは、

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1筆者によると、原初的な科学とはどういうものか。
  2. 2それでいいのかと改めて考え直してみる必要があるとあるが、筆者は何を考え直してみる必要があると述べているか。
  3. 3筆者は科学が社会にどのような貢献をしてきたと考えているか。
  4. 4筆者が言いたいことは何か。

Study this passage

Vocabulary22 words
  • 寄与きよ
    • ·contribution; service
    N1
  • 取り戻すとりもどす
    • ·to take back; to get back; to regain; to recover; to restore; to recoup
    N1
  • 役立つやくだつAs it appears here: 役立とう
    • ·to be useful; to be helpful; to serve the purpose
    N1
  • 野心やしん
    • ·ambition; aspiration
    • ·sinister designs; treachery
    N1
    • ·beauty
    N1
  • むろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N1
  • 創造そうぞう
    • ·creation
    • ·Creation (by God)
    N1
  • 投資とうし
    • ·investment
    N1
  • 絶えるたえる
    • ·to die out; to peter out; to become extinct
    • ·to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued; to be cut off
    N1
  • 要因よういん
    • ·main cause; primary factor
    N1
  • あみ
    • ·net; netting
    • ·web
    N1
  • 支持しじ
    • ·support; backing; endorsement; approval
    • ·propping up; holding up; support
    N1
  • 欠くかくAs it appears here: 欠かせない
    • ·to chip; to nick; to break; to crack
    • ·to lack
    N1
  • 見方みかた
    • ·viewpoint; point of view; way of looking (at something); view; angle
    • ·way of appreciating (e.g. opera); way of understanding; how to read (a map, train timetable, etc.)
    N1
  • 一変いっぺん
    • ·complete change; about-face
    N1
  • 概念がいねん
    • ·general idea; concept; notion
    N1
  • 提供ていきょう
    • ·offer; tender; providing; supplying; making available; donating (blood, organs, etc.)
    • ·sponsoring (a TV program)
    N1
  • 天才てんさい
    • ·genius; prodigy; natural gift
    N1
  • 知的ちてき
    • ·intellectual
    N1
  • 味わえるあじわえる
    • ·flavour; flavor; taste
    • ·charm; appeal; interest; meaning; significance
    N1
  • 行為こうい
    • ·act; deed; conduct
    N1
  • 鍛えるきたえるAs it appears here: 鍛えて
    • ·to forge; to temper
    • ·to drill; to train; to discipline
    N1
Other levels121 words
  • わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
    • ·picture; drawing; painting; sketch
    • ·image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あれば
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしい
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • 良いよい
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • かかる
    • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
    • ·to hang
    • ·to come into view; to arrive
    • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
    • ·to start (engines, motors)
    • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
    • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
    • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
    • ·to (come) at
    • ·to be fastened
    • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
    • ·to be caught in
    • ·to get a call
    • ·to depend on
    • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しなければ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: すれば
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 明日あした
    • ·tomorrow
    • ·near future
    N5
  • こえ
    • ·voice
    • ·singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); hoot
    • ·voice; opinion (as expressed in words); view; wish; attitude; will
    • ·sound
    • ·sense (of something's arrival); feeling
    • ·voice; voiced sound
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なら
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • かかるAs it appears here: かかり
    • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
    • ·to hang
    • ·to come into view; to arrive
    • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
    • ·to start (engines, motors)
    • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
    • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
    • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
    • ·to (come) at
    • ·to be fastened
    • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
    • ·to be caught in
    • ·to get a call
    • ·to depend on
    • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: ならない
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 多いおおい
    • ·many; numerous; a lot
    • ·large amount of; large quantity of; a lot; much
    • ·frequent; common
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • 大きなおおきな
    • ·big; large; great
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させ
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あり
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • いるAs it appears here: いた
    • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
    • ·to stay
    • ·to be ...-ing
    • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
    N5
  • 忘れるわすれるAs it appears here: 忘れて
    • ·to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あって
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 広いひろいAs it appears here: 広く
    • ·spacious; vast; wide
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したい
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 磨くみがく
    • ·to polish; to shine; to burnish; to scour; to scrub; to brush (teeth); to grind (e.g. a lens)
    • ·to refine (a skill, etc.); to improve; to hone; to polish (up); to cultivate (one's character)
    N5
  • 科学かがく
    • ·science
    • ·to think about scientifically; to think in terms of science
    N4
  • 文化ぶんか
    • ·culture; civilization; civilisation
    • ·Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • かべ
    • ·wall; partition
    • ·barrier; obstacle; hindrance; difficulty
    • ·Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
    • ·wall (of stones)
    N4
  • 飾るかざるAs it appears here: 飾られた
    • ·to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
    • ·to display; to exhibit; to put on show; to arrange
    • ·to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page); to grace (e.g. the cover)
    • ·to affect (a manner); to keep up (appearances); to embellish; to dress up; to be showy; to be pretentious
    N4
  • こころ
    • ·mind; heart; spirit
    • ·the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
    N4
  • 捨てるすてるAs it appears here: 捨て
    • ·to throw away; to cast away; to dump; to discard
    • ·to abandon; to desert; to leave
    • ·to give up; to resign
    • ·to sacrifice (stones)
    N4
  • ちから
    • ·force; strength; might; vigour; vigor; energy
    • ·capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty
    • ·efficacy; effect
    • ·effort; endeavours; endeavors; exertions
    • ·power; authority; influence; good offices; agency
    • ·support; help; aid; assistance
    • ·stress; emphasis
    • ·means; resources
    N4
  • 普通ふつう
    • ·normal; ordinary; regular; usual; common; average
    • ·normally; ordinarily; usually; generally; commonly
    • ·local train; train that stops at every station
    N4
  • 経済けいざい
    • ·economy; economics
    • ·finance; (one's) finances; financial circumstances
    • ·being economical; economy; thrift
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • コメこめ
    • ·(husked grains of) rice
    • ·staple (product, etc.); necessity
    • ·(online) comment
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思われる
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 役に立つやくにたつ
    • ·to be helpful; to be useful
    N4
  • 用意ようい
    • ·preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • それで
    • ·so; therefore; and; (and) then
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • 変えるかえる
    • ·to change; to alter; to transform; to convert; to turn; to vary
    • ·to reform; to revise; to amend
    N4
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • 市民しみん
    • ·citizen (of a country); citizenry
    • ·citizen (of a city); resident; inhabitant; townspeople
    • ·bourgeoisie; middle class
    N4
  • 伝えるつたえる
    • ·to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
    N4
  • 楽しみたのしみ
    • ·enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; delight; joy; fun; diversion; hobby
    • ·anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
    N4
  • 役に立つやくにたつAs it appears here: 役に立たない
    • ·to be helpful; to be useful
    N4
  • 失敗しっぱい
    • ·failure; mistake; blunder
    N4
  • くれるAs it appears here: くれ
    • ·to give; to let (one) have
    • ·to give
    • ·to do for one; to take the trouble to do
    • ·to do to someone's disadvantage
    N4
  • 再びふたたび
    • ·again; once more; a second time
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 済ませるすませるAs it appears here: 済ませられる
    • ·to finish; to make an end of; to get through with; to let end
    • ·to make do (with); to manage (with)
    • ·to resolve; to settle; to bring to a conclusion
    N3
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • 感じるかんじるAs it appears here: 感じて
    • ·to feel; to sense; to experience
    • ·to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to be impressed (by); to respond (to)
    • ·to become infected with (an illness); to catch
    N3
  • 世の中よのなか
    • ·society; the world; the times
    N3
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • 偉大いだい
    • ·great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
    N3
  • 学ぶまなぶAs it appears here: 学んで
    • ·to learn; to study; to take lessons in
    N3
  • 求めるもとめる
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 想像そうぞう
    • ·imagination; supposition; guess
    N3
  • せい
    • ·nature (of a person)
    • ·sex; gender
    • ·sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.)
    • ·gender
    • ·-ty; -ity; -ness; -cy
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 拡大かくだい
    • ·expansion; extension
    • ·magnification; enlargement
    • ·escalation; spread
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 許すゆるすAs it appears here: 許されない
    • ·to permit; to allow; to approve; to consent to
    • ·to forgive; to pardon; to excuse; to tolerate
    • ·to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to release; to let off
    • ·to acknowledge; to admit
    • ·to trust; to confide in; to let one's guard down
    • ·to give up (points in a game, distance in a race, etc.); to yield
    N3
  • きん
    • ·gold (metal)
    • ·gold (color)
    • ·gold (medal); first place (prize)
    • ·something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence)
    • ·money; gold coin
    • ·sum (of money)
    • ·Friday
    • ·karat (measure of purity of gold); carat
    • ·metal (fourth phase of Wu Xing)
    • ·Jin dynasty (of China; 1115-1234); Chin dynasty; Jurchen dynasty
    • ·gold general
    • ·testicles
    N3
  • 高価こうか
    • ·highly priced; expensive; valuable; costly
    N3
  • 実験じっけん
    • ·experiment; experimentation
    N3
  • 要求ようきゅう
    • ·demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
    N3
  • ムダむだ
    • ·futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
    N3
  • 商品しょうひん
    • ·commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
    N3
  • 貢献こうけん
    • ·contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
    • ·paying tribute; tribute
    N3
  • 状態じょうたい
    • ·state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • 事実じじつ
    • ·fact; truth; reality
    N3
  • 変化へんか
    • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
    • ·variety; diversity
    • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
    • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
    N3
  • 思想しそう
    • ·thought; idea; ideology
    N3
  • 起こるおこるAs it appears here: 起こり
    • ·to occur; to happen
    N3
  • 実際じっさい
    • ·reality; actuality; truth; fact; actual conditions
    • ·practice (as opposed to theory)
    • ·truly; really; indeed; actually
    • ·bhutakoti (limit of reality)
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求めて
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • 冒険ぼうけん
    • ·adventure; venture
    • ·venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger; hazard; risk
    N3
  • 成功せいこう
    • ·success; achievement
    • ·succeeding (in life); (worldly) success; prosperity
    N3
  • 合わせるあわせる
    • ·to match (rhythm, speed, etc.)
    • ·to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
    • ·to face; to be opposite (someone)
    • ·to compare; to check with
    • ·to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate)
    • ·to place together; to connect; to overlap
    • ·to mix; to combine
    • ·to put blade to blade; to fight
    N3
  • 豊かゆたか
    • ·abundant; plentiful; rich; ample
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent; well-off
    • ·open (mind); relaxed; easy
    • ·plump (e.g. breasts); full; ample
    • ·(well) over; (easily) in excess of
    N3
  • 勇気ゆうき
    • ·courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
    N3
  • 喜びよろこび
    • ·joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing; congratulations; felicitations
    N3
  • 与えるあたえる
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 信じるしんじるAs it appears here: 信じて
    • ·to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
    N3
  • 限界げんかい
    • ·limit; bound
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 嫌うきらうAs it appears here: 嫌って
    • ·to hate; to dislike; to loathe; to abhor
    • ·to avoid
    • ·to disregard; to act without regard (for)
    • ·to be bad for (e.g. dust in machinery)
    N3
  • 避けるさける
    • ·to avoid (physical contact with)
    • ·to avoid (situation); to evade (question, subject); to shirk (one's responsibilities)
    • ·to ward off; to avert
    • ·to put aside; to move out of the way
    N3
  • 動かすうごかす
    • ·to move; to shift; to stir; to budge; to change position
    • ·to inspire; to rouse; to move (e.g. feeling); to influence
    • ·to change; to alter; to deny
    • ·to operate; to set in motion; to get going
    • ·to mobilize (e.g. troops); to mobilise; to deploy
    • ·to manage (e.g. funds)
    N3
  • 引っ張るひっぱるAs it appears here: 引っ張り
    • ·to pull; to draw; to pull tight
    • ·to string (lines); to run (cable); to stretch
    • ·to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve)
    • ·to drag; to haul; to tow
    • ·to lead (e.g. one's followers)
    • ·to take someone somewhere (e.g. a suspect to the police)
    • ·to tempt into joining; to strongly invite to join
    • ·to delay; to prolong
    • ·to lengthen the pronunciation (of a word)
    • ·to quote; to cite; to reference
    • ·to pull the ball
    • ·to wear; to put on
    N3
  • 憧れるあこがれるAs it appears here: 憧れ
    • ·to long for; to yearn for; to hanker after; to be attracted by; to be drawn to; to aspire to; to admire; to adore
    N2
  • 器具きぐ
    • ·utensil; implement; tool; instrument; appliance; apparatus
    N2
  • 一定いってい
    • ·to fix; to settle; to standardize; to regularize
    • ·constant; definite; uniform; defined; certain; prescribed
    N2
  • 振舞うふるまう
    • ·to behave; to conduct oneself; to act
    • ·to treat (someone) to (food or drink); to entertain (e.g. to lunch)
    N2
  • 登場とうじょう
    • ·entrance (on the stage); appearance (in a book, film, etc.)
    • ·appearance (on the scene); arrival (on the market); emergence; introduction; advent
    N2
  • 改めてあらためて
    • ·another time; again; over again; once again; anew
    • ·formally; especially; intentionally; deliberately
    N2
  • 役目やくめ
    • ·duty; role; function
    N2
  • 確率かくりつ
    • ·probability; likelihood; chances
    N2
  • 無数むすう
    • ·innumerable; countless; numberless
    N2
  • 活躍かつやく
    • ·activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation
    • ·walking about with great vigor
    N2
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • すら / ですらN12 times in this passage

    Emphatic particle presenting an extreme example to imply all lesser cases hold — "even".

    それを逆手にとって、あたかも世の中を牛耳っているかのように尊大に振舞う科学者すら登場するようになった。

    Some scientists have even turned this situation to their advantage and begun behaving arrogantly as though they controlled the world.

  • というわけだN1

    Presents the statement as the natural conclusion or explanation of what came before — "so that means...", "that's why...".

    これほど社会に貢献しているのだから、もっと金をよこせというわけである。

    Their argument amounts to: since we contribute so much to society, give us more money.

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    今必要なのは、「文化としての科学」を広く市民に伝えることであり、科学の楽しみを市民とともに共有することである。

    What is needed now is to communicate “science as culture” widely to the public and share the enjoyment of science with them.

Other levels39 patterns
  • 再び(ふたたび)N2

    Adverb marking that an action occurs once more — "again", "a second time".

    私は、科学が再び文化のみに寄与する営みを取り戻すべきと考えている。

    I believe science should once again become an endeavor that contributes solely to culture.

  • のみN2

    formal/written equivalent of だけ, limiting to one thing — 'only ~', 'nothing but ~'

    私は、科学が再び文化のみに寄与する営みを取り戻すべきと考えている。

    I believe science should once again become an endeavor that contributes solely to culture.

  • ねばならないN2

    Formal, somewhat literary way of stating an obligation, "must / have to (do)".

    それが「役に立つ」科学とならねばならない要因で、科学者もセールスマンのように次々に目新しい商品を用意して社会の要求に迎合していかねばならなくなる。

    This is what forces science to become “useful,” and scientists in turn are compelled to act like salespeople, continually preparing novel products to cater to society’s demands.

  • かのようにN2

    Likens a situation to something known to be contrary to fact — 'as if / as though'.

    それを逆手にとって、あたかも世の中を牛耳っているかのように尊大に振舞う科学者すら登場するようになった。

    Some scientists have even turned this situation to their advantage and begun behaving arrogantly as though they controlled the world.

  • を通じて/を通してN2

    Marks the means or intermediary something happens through, or a span it holds throughout — 'through', 'via', 'throughout'.

    を通しての科学者と社会の網引き状態と言えるだろうか。

    One might describe it as a tug-of-war between scientists and society conducted through money.

  • 確かにN2

    concedes a point as true before countering it, or asserts certainty, 'admittedly / certainly (~ but)'.

    確かに科学には金がかかり、それには社会の支持が欠かせない。

    Certainly, science costs money, and the support of society is indispensable.

  • ではないかN2

    Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

    社会への見返りとは、そのような概念や思想を提供する役目にあるのではないか

    Might not science’s return to society lie precisely in its role of providing such concepts and ideas?

  • 抜きにして / 抜きでN2

    Sets something aside or excludes it from consideration — "without ~; leaving ~ aside; not counting ~".

    それは万に一つくらいの確率であるかもしれないが、科学の営み抜きにしては起こり得ない貢献である。

    The probability may be only about one in ten thousand, but it is a contribution that could never occur without scientific endeavor.

  • てはならないN2

    States a firm prohibition — an action that must not be done — "must not ~", "it won't do to ~".

    むろん、天才の登場を必要とする場合が多いが、その陰には無数の無名の科学者がいたことを忘れてはならない

    Of course, the appearance of a genius is often required, but we must not forget the countless unknown scientists who stand behind such a genius.

  • 〜てこそN2

    Emphasizes that only by actually doing X does the result become true — 'it is only by/precisely by doing X that...'.

    それらの積み上げがあってこそ天才も活躍できるのである。

    It is only because of that accumulated work that a genius can flourish.

  • としてN33 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    壁に飾られたピカソの絵のように、なければないで済ませられるが、そこにあれば楽しい、なければ何か心の空白を感じてしまう、そんな「無用の用」としての科学である。

    It would be science as “the usefulness of the useless,” like a Picasso painting on a wall: one can manage without it, but it is enjoyable when present, and when absent one feels some kind of emptiness in the heart.

  • というN33 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    むろん、経済一辺倒の現代社会では、そんな原初的な科学は許されない。

    Of course, in today’s society, which is overwhelmingly focused on economics, such primordial science would not be permitted.

  • にとってN3

    Marks the person or thing from whose standpoint something is judged or matters; 'for', 'to'.

    それを逆手にとって、あたかも世の中を牛耳っているかのように尊大に振舞う科学者すら登場するようになった。

    Some scientists have even turned this situation to their advantage and begun behaving arrogantly as though they controlled the world.

  • によって/によるN33 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    事実、科学はその力によって自然観や世界観を一変させ、社会のありように大きな変化をもたらしてきた。

    In fact, through that power, science has transformed our views of nature and the world and brought major changes to the form of society.

  • と共に(とともに)N3

    Links two things that happen together or change at the same time — "together with; along with; as ~ does".

    今必要なのは、「文化としての科学」を広く市民に伝えることであり、科学の楽しみを市民とともに共有することである。

    What is needed now is to communicate “science as culture” widely to the public and share the enjoyment of science with them.

  • ように / ようなN42 times in this passage

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    壁に飾られたピカソの絵のように、なければないで済ませられるが、そこにあれば楽しい、なければ何か心の空白を感じてしまう、そんな「無用の用」としての科学である。

    It would be science as “the usefulness of the useless,” like a Picasso painting on a wall: one can manage without it, but it is enjoyable when present, and when absent one feels some kind of emptiness in the heart.

  • ないでN4

    Negative te-form that links a clause — "without doing ~", or a soft "don't ~".

    壁に飾られたピカソの絵のように、なければないで済ませられるが、そこにあれば楽しい、なければ何か心の空白を感じてしまう、そんな「無用の用」としての科学である。

    It would be science as “the usefulness of the useless,” like a Picasso painting on a wall: one can manage without it, but it is enjoyable when present, and when absent one feels some kind of emptiness in the heart.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    壁に飾られたピカソの絵のように、なければないで済ませられるが、そこにあれば楽しい、なければ何か心の空白を感じてしまう、そんな「無用の用」としての科学である。

    It would be science as “the usefulness of the useless,” like a Picasso painting on a wall: one can manage without it, but it is enjoyable when present, and when absent one feels some kind of emptiness in the heart.

  • ようだN43 times in this passage

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • 〜ていくN43 times in this passage

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    「文化より明日のコメを」という声も絶えることがない。

    Nor do voices saying “rice for tomorrow rather than culture” ever disappear.

  • と思う(とおもう)N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    社会もムダと思われるものに金を投ずるのを忌避するからだ。

    This is because society too is reluctant to invest money in things regarded as wasteful.

  • ようになるN4

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    それを逆手にとって、あたかも世の中を牛耳っているかのように尊大に振舞う科学者すら登場するようになった

    Some scientists have even turned this situation to their advantage and begun behaving arrogantly as though they controlled the world.

  • 〜てみるN4

    Verb te-form plus 見る, doing something on a trial basis to see what happens — 'try ...ing'.

    それでいいのかと改めて考え直してみる必要がある。

    We need to reconsider whether this is really acceptable.

  • 必要がある(ひつようがある)N4

    States that doing something is necessary or required — 'need to, it is necessary to'.

    それでいいのかと改めて考え直してみる必要がある

    We need to reconsider whether this is really acceptable.

  • ときN4

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    しかし、ときに科学は世界の見方を変える大きな力を秘めている。

    Yet science sometimes contains a great power capable of changing the way we see the world.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    事実、科学はその力によって自然観や世界観を一変させ、社会のありように大きな変化をもたらしてきた

    In fact, through that power, science has transformed our views of nature and the world and brought major changes to the form of society.

  • かもしれないN4

    Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

    それは万に一つくらいの確率であるかもしれないが、科学の営み抜きにしては起こり得ない貢献である。

    The probability may be only about one in ten thousand, but it is a contribution that could never occur without scientific endeavor.

  • 〜ているN56 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    私は、科学が再び文化のみに寄与する営みを取り戻すべきと考えている

    I believe science should once again become an endeavor that contributes solely to culture.

  • じゃない・ではないN53 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • だろうN54 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    世の中に役立とうというような野心を捨て、自然と戯れながら自然の偉大さを学んでいく科学で良いのではないだろうか。

    Would it not be enough for science to abandon its ambition to be useful to society and simply engage with nature while learning of nature’s greatness?

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし、ときに科学は世界の見方を変える大きな力を秘めている。

    Yet science sometimes contains a great power capable of changing the way we see the world.

  • がありますN52 times in this passage

    States the existence or possession of an inanimate thing, "there is / to have".

    それらの積み上げがあってこそ天才も活躍できるのである。

    It is only because of that accumulated work that a genius can flourish.

  • のでN5

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    それらの積み上げがあってこそ天才も活躍できるのである。

    It is only because of that accumulated work that a genius can flourish.

  • けれどもN5

    More formal contrastive conjunction linking two clauses — "but / however / although."

    実際、本当のところ市民は「役に立つ科学」ではなく、「役に立たないけれど知的なスリルを味わえる科学」を求めている。

    In truth, what the public seeks is not “useful science,” but “science that may not be useful yet offers an intellectual thrill.”

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    市民も知的冒険をしたいのだ。

    The public too wants intellectual adventure.

  • 一緒に(いっしょに)N5

    Indicates doing something jointly with someone or something else — "together (with)".

    それらも一緒に紡ぎ合わせることによって「文化としての科学」が豊かになっていくのではないだろうか。

    Would not weaving all of these together make “science as culture” richer?

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