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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #359
2

よくいるひとあいかたのはかんたんだが、たがよくあいかたというのはじょうむずか

よくいるあいとのきょうつうぶんみゃくできあがっているのでそのぶんみゃくふさわしいぶんていしていけばよいからほぼどうしたかたちかたことできるたとえばあいこちらこといさごうけつ(注1)みなしているならぶんなかゆうでん(注2)てきエピソードちゅうしんかたことなるだろうし、あいこちらことおんこうしんみなしているならぶんなかおだやかぶんちゅうしんかたことなるだろう。あいとのぶんみゃくによってかたからいってけっしてだましているわけではないどちらうそではないのだ。

こまのは、よくひとあいあるあいだ。きょうつうぶんみゃくできあがっていないためどのようぶんかたいけばよいのかがわからないぎゃくきょうつうぶんみゃくによるせいやくないぶんどんなぶんゆうえんしゅつし、かたいくことできるだからこそまよなやしまうのだ。こうしたじょうからわかるのは、ぼくぶんこといろんなふうかたことできるということだ。

ちゅうりゃく

ぶん姿すがたおぼろ(注3)しかうちからまずかたことはじならないかたことによってぶん姿すがたかたほうこうつくられていく

榎木えのきひろあき『(ほんとうぶん)のつくりかた----ものがたりしんがくによる

ちゅう1)ごうけつゆうあるつよひと

ちゅう2)ゆうでんてきな:ここでは、いさ

ちゅう3)おぼろげに:ぼんやり

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1嘘ではないとあるが、何が嘘ではないのか。
  2. 2よく知らない相手に自分を語るのは、なぜ難しいのか。
  3. 3筆者の考えを最もよく表しているものはどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary7 words
  • 自己じこ
    • ·self; oneself
    N1
  • ふさわしい
    • ·appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
    N1
  • 提示ていじ
    • ·presentation (of a passport, ID, etc.); showing; production (e.g. of documents)
    • ·presentation (of a plan, response, etc.); bringing up; citing (an example)
    N1
  • 紳士しんし
    • ·gentleman
    N1
  • 制約せいやく
    • ·limitation; restriction; condition; constraints
    N1
  • 演出えんしゅつ
    • ·direction (of a play, film, etc.); production
    • ·organization (of an event); arrangement; staging (for effect); orchestration
    N1
  • ふう
    • ·seal
    N1
Other levels66 words
  • よく
    • ·nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully
    • ·frequently; often
    • ·I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
    • ·(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知って
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • 知るしるAs it appears here: 知らない
    • ·to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); to learn (of); to find out; to discover
    • ·to sense; to feel; to notice; to realize
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to appreciate
    • ·to remember; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with
    • ·to experience; to go through; to know (e.g. hardship)
    • ·to get acquainted with (a person); to get to know
    • ·to have to do with; to be concerned with; to be one's concern; to be one's responsibility
    N5
  • 難しいむずかしい
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 自分じぶん
    • ·myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
    • ·I; me
    • ·you
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • よい
    • ·good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
    • ·sufficient; enough; ready; prepared
    • ·profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
    • ·OK; all right; fine; no problem
    • ·easy to ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • できる
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • こちら
    • ·this way; this direction
    • ·here
    • ·this (one)
    • ·I; me; we; us
    • ·this person
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • いうAs it appears here: いって
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • どちら
    • ·which way; which direction; where
    • ·which one (esp. of two alternatives)
    • ·who
    N5
  • 困るこまる
    • ·to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be in a fix; to be at a loss; to be stumped; to be embarrassed
    • ·to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be annoyed
    • ·to be badly off; to be hard up; to be in straitened circumstances
    N5
  • どの
    • ·which; what (way)
    N5
  • わかるAs it appears here: わからない
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言えば
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • するAs it appears here:
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • わかる
    • ·to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow
    • ·to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized (realised); to be found out; to make sense
    • ·I know!; I think so too!
    N5
  • つくるAs it appears here: つくられて
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • ほんとう
    • ·truth; reality; actuality; fact
    • ·proper; right; correct; official
    • ·genuine; authentic; real; natural; veritable
    N5
  • つくるAs it appears here: つくり
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • かた
    • ·direction; way
    • ·person; lady; gentleman
    • ·method of; manner of; way of
    • ·care of ...
    • ·person in charge of ...
    • ·side (e.g. "on my mother's side")
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 強いつよい
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • 簡単かんたん
    • ·simple; easy; uncomplicated
    • ·brief; quick; light
    N4
  • 非常にひじょうに
    • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
    N4
  • かたち
    • ·(physical) form; shape; figure
    • ·visage; (facial) features; appearance (of a person); figure; looks
    • ·form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); style; (outward) appearance
    • ·(resultant) state; situation; condition; form
    • ·behaviour (towards others); attitude; demeanor; manners
    • ·shape (positional qualities of a group of stones)
    N4
  • たとえば
    • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
    N4
  • けっして
    • ·(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
    N4
  • わけ
    • ·reason; cause; grounds
    • ·meaning; sense
    • ·(good) sense; reason
    • ·circumstances; case
    • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
    N4
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 見えるみえるAs it appears here: 見えない
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • うち
    • ·inside; within
    • ·while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of
    • ·among; amongst; (out) of; between
    • ·in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)
    • ·within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts
    • ·we; our company; our organization
    • ·one's home; one's family
    • ·my spouse; my husband; my wife
    • ·signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife
    • ·I; me
    • ·imperial palace grounds
    • ·emperor
    N4
  • 始めるはじめるAs it appears here: 始めなければ
    • ·to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
    • ·to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish
    • ·to start ...; to begin to ...
    N4
  • 相手あいて
    • ·companion; partner; company
    • ·other party; addressee; counterparty
    • ·opponent (sports, etc.)
    N3
  • 語るかたる
    • ·to talk about; to speak of; to tell; to narrate
    • ·to recite; to chant
    • ·to indicate; to show
    N3
    • ·time; pause
    • ·space
    • ·room
    N3
  • 共通きょうつう
    • ·common; shared; mutual
    • ·to be common (to); to be shared (by)
    • ·-wide
    N3
  • ほぼ
    • ·almost; nearly; for the most part
    • ·roughly; approximately; about; around
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 中心ちゅうしん
    • ·center; centre; middle; heart; core; focus; pivot; emphasis; balance
    • ·-centered; -centred; -focused; -oriented; centered on; focused on
    N3
  • おだやか
    • ·calm; quiet; gentle; peaceful; mild
    • ·moderate; reasonable; amicable
    N3
  • 部分ぶぶん
    • ·portion; section; part
    N3
  • 語るかたるAs it appears here: 語り
    • ·to talk about; to speak of; to tell; to narrate
    • ·to recite; to chant
    • ·to indicate; to show
    N3
  • 分けるわける
    • ·to divide (into); to split (into); to part; to separate; to divide up; to classify; to sort out; to divide out
    • ·to share; to distribute; to deal out; to dish out
    • ·to distinguish; to discriminate; to differentiate (between)
    • ·to break up (a fight); to mediate
    • ·to call a draw; to tie
    • ·to push one's way through (a crowd)
    • ·to sell
    N3
  • うそ
    • ·lie; fib; falsehood; untruth
    • ·mistake; error
    • ·unwise move; bad decision
    • ·no way!; unbelievable!; really?!
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • ぶん
    • ·part; portion; share
    • ·amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); enough (for)
    • ·one's means; one's place; one's lot; one's social position
    • ·one's duty; one's part
    • ·condition; state (of affairs); extent; rate (as in "at this rate")
    • ·in proportion to; just as much as; to the same degree
    • ·content (e.g. alcohol); percentage
    • ·equivalent to (e.g. an old brother)
    N3
  • 悩むなやむAs it appears here: 悩んで
    • ·to be worried; to be troubled
    N3
  • 事情じじょう
    • ·circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
    N3
  • 姿すがた
    • ·figure; form; shape
    • ·appearance; dress; guise
    • ·state; condition; picture; image
    • ·form (of a waka)
    • ·dressed in ...; wearing ...
    N3
  • まず
    • ·first (of all); firstly; to begin with; before anything else
    • ·probably; most likely; almost certainly; virtually
    • ·more or less (satisfactory); on the whole; reasonably
    • ·anyway; at any rate; for now (at least); for the time being
    N3
  • 方向ほうこう
    • ·direction; orientation; bearing; way
    • ·course (e.g. of action)
    N3
  • 物語ものがたり
    • ·story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 勇気ゆうき
    • ·courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
    N3
  • 文脈ぶんみゃく
    • ·context (of a passage); line of thought
    • ·context (of a matter, event, etc.); circumstances; background
    N2
  • できあがるAs it appears here: できあがって
    • ·to be completed; to be finished; to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat)
    • ·to be very drunk; to get plastered
    N2
  • 勇ましいいさましい
    • ·brave; valiant; gallant; courageous
    • ·stirring; vigorous; rousing
    N2
  • だますAs it appears here: だまして
    • ·to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to swindle; to dupe
    • ·to coax; to wheedle; to soothe; to calm
    N2
Grammar0 patterns

No N1 grammar patterns in this passage.

Other levels24 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • を中心にN22 times in this passage

    Presents X as the center or focal point of an action or trend — 'centering on', 'mainly', 'focused on'.

    たとえば、相手がこちらのことを勇ましい豪傑とみなしているなら、自分の中の武勇伝的なエピソードを中心に語ることになるだろうし、相手がこちらのことを温厚な紳士とみなしているなら、自分の中のおだやかな部分を中心に語ることになるだろう。

    For example, if the other person regards you as a brave and formidable hero, you will probably focus on stories of your exploits; if they regard you as a gentle gentleman, you will probably focus on the calmer aspects of yourself.

  • からといってN2

    Concedes a reason but denies the conclusion normally drawn from it — 'just because ~ doesn't mean ~'.

    相手との文脈によって語り分けるからといって、けっしてだましているわけではない。

    Telling your story differently depending on the context you share with the other person does not mean that you are deceiving them.

  • 逆に(ぎゃくに)N2

    Signals that what follows runs opposite to what was just said or expected — 'on the contrary', 'conversely', 'the other way around'.

    逆に言えば、共通の文脈による制約がないぶん、どんな自分でも自由に演出し、語り出していくことができる。

    Conversely, because there are no constraints imposed by a shared context, you are free to present and talk about any version of yourself.

  • というのはN3

    Introduces an explanation or definition of the topic just named — 'the thing called…' / 'what … means is'.

    よく知っている人を相手に自己を語るのは簡単だが、お互いによく知らない相手に自己を語るというのは非常に難しい。

    It is easy to talk about yourself to someone you know well, but extremely difficult to talk about yourself to someone when neither of you knows the other well.

  • 例えば(たとえば)N3

    Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

    たとえば、相手がこちらのことを勇ましい豪傑とみなしているなら、自分の中の武勇伝的なエピソードを中心に語ることになるだろうし、相手がこちらのことを温厚な紳士とみなしているなら、自分の中のおだやかな部分を中心に語ることになるだろう。

    For example, if the other person regards you as a brave and formidable hero, you will probably focus on stories of your exploits; if they regard you as a gentle gentleman, you will probably focus on the calmer aspects of yourself.

  • 的(てき)N32 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    たとえば、相手がこちらのことを勇ましい豪傑とみなしているなら、自分の中の武勇伝的なエピソードを中心に語ることになるだろうし、相手がこちらのことを温厚な紳士とみなしているなら、自分の中のおだやかな部分を中心に語ることになるだろう。

    For example, if the other person regards you as a brave and formidable hero, you will probably focus on stories of your exploits; if they regard you as a gentle gentleman, you will probably focus on the calmer aspects of yourself.

  • によって/によるN34 times in this passage

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    相手との文脈によって語り分けるからといって、けっしてだましているわけではない。

    Telling your story differently depending on the context you share with the other person does not mean that you are deceiving them.

  • 決して~ないN3

    Adverb pairing with a following negative to stress absolute denial, 'never / by no means / not at all'.

    相手との文脈によって語り分けるからといって、けっしてだましているわけではない。

    Telling your story differently depending on the context you share with the other person does not mean that you are deceiving them.

  • わけではないN3

    Partially denies an assumed conclusion — 'it's not (necessarily) that ~', 'doesn't necessarily mean ~'.

    相手との文脈によって語り分けるからといって、けっしてだましているわけではない

    Telling your story differently depending on the context you share with the other person does not mean that you are deceiving them.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    共通の文脈ができあがっていないため、どのような自分を語り出していけばよいのかがわからない。

    Because no shared context has yet been established, you do not know what kind of self you should begin to talk about.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    だからこそ、迷い、悩んでしまうのだ。

    And that is precisely why we become uncertain and troubled.

  • ということだN3

    Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

    こうした事情からわかるのは、僕たちは自分のことをいろんなふうに語ることができるということだ

    What this tells us is that we can describe ourselves in many different ways.

  • 間(あいだ)N4

    Marks a span of time or space throughout which, or between whose endpoints, something else continuously holds — 'while; during; between'.

    よく知っている相手との間に共通の文脈ができあがっているので、その文脈にふさわしい自分を提示していけばよいから、ほぼ自動化した形で自己を語ることができる。

    Because a shared context has already been established with someone you know well, you need only present the version of yourself appropriate to that context, so talking about yourself can occur almost automatically.

  • 〜ていくN44 times in this passage

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    よく知っている相手との間に共通の文脈ができあがっているので、その文脈にふさわしい自分を提示していけばよいから、ほぼ自動化した形で自己を語ることができる。

    Because a shared context has already been established with someone you know well, you need only present the version of yourself appropriate to that context, so talking about yourself can occur almost automatically.

  • ことになるN42 times in this passage

    Expresses that something has been decided or comes about, often through external circumstances rather than the speaker's own will; 'it has been decided that / it turns out that.'

    たとえば、相手がこちらのことを勇ましい豪傑とみなしているなら、自分の中の武勇伝的なエピソードを中心に語ることになるだろうし、相手がこちらのことを温厚な紳士とみなしているなら、自分の中のおだやかな部分を中心に語ることになるだろう。

    For example, if the other person regards you as a brave and formidable hero, you will probably focus on stories of your exploits; if they regard you as a gentle gentleman, you will probably focus on the calmer aspects of yourself.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    共通の文脈ができあがっていないため、どのような自分を語り出していけばよいのかがわからない。

    Because no shared context has yet been established, you do not know what kind of self you should begin to talk about.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    だからこそ、迷い、悩んでしまうのだ。

    And that is precisely why we become uncertain and troubled.

  • なければならないN4

    Expresses a general, unavoidable obligation or necessity — 'must / have to'.

    自分の姿がおぼろげにしか見えないうちから、まずは語ることを始めなければならない

    Even while the image of yourself is still only vague, you must first begin to tell your story.

  • 〜ているN57 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    よく知っている人を相手に自己を語るのは簡単だが、お互いによく知らない相手に自己を語るというのは非常に難しい。

    It is easy to talk about yourself to someone you know well, but extremely difficult to talk about yourself to someone when neither of you knows the other well.

  • のでN5

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    よく知っている相手との間に共通の文脈ができあがっているので、その文脈にふさわしい自分を提示していけばよいから、ほぼ自動化した形で自己を語ることができる。

    Because a shared context has already been established with someone you know well, you need only present the version of yourself appropriate to that context, so talking about yourself can occur almost automatically.

  • 〜ことができるN53 times in this passage

    States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

    よく知っている相手との間に共通の文脈ができあがっているので、その文脈にふさわしい自分を提示していけばよいから、ほぼ自動化した形で自己を語ることができる

    Because a shared context has already been established with someone you know well, you need only present the version of yourself appropriate to that context, so talking about yourself can occur almost automatically.

  • だろうN52 times in this passage

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    たとえば、相手がこちらのことを勇ましい豪傑とみなしているなら、自分の中の武勇伝的なエピソードを中心に語ることになるだろうし、相手がこちらのことを温厚な紳士とみなしているなら、自分の中のおだやかな部分を中心に語ることになるだろう。

    For example, if the other person regards you as a brave and formidable hero, you will probably focus on stories of your exploits; if they regard you as a gentle gentleman, you will probably focus on the calmer aspects of yourself.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    どちらも嘘ではないのだ。

    Neither version is false.

  • どんなN5

    Asks or specifies what kind or sort of thing something is, "what kind of".

    逆に言えば、共通の文脈による制約がないぶん、どんな自分でも自由に演出し、語り出していくことができる。

    Conversely, because there are no constraints imposed by a shared context, you are free to present and talk about any version of yourself.

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