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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #351
2

げいじゅつさくひんわたしもたらすものは、かんどうばかりではないおどろとかこんわくときかいかんイライラかんだったりするそれまでだれおもようけいじょうしきさいおとは、わたしさまざまわたししたかいひたいるとき心地ここちさにつついるが、そこからあたらものそういうおだ心地ここちぶんは、しゅてきげんじょうこうていてきありそうぞうせいエネルギーとぼしいだからこそあえてあんとかきょうおどろといったげきもたらしてくれる天邪鬼あまのじゃく(注1)としてげいじゅつしゃかいにはひつようなのである

そういうげいじゅつあんていおだものていするところそうしたげいじゅつたんじょうすると、しゃかいおおほうせつせい(注2)もっているからトゲトゲしたものくるんでしまうすると、またしつげきいんとしてげいじゅつひつようなってくる。②そのかえによってしゃかいぶんエネルギーされるのではないか。

ちゅうりゃく

そうしたげいじゅつ天邪鬼あまのじゃくせいは、かつりょくよりおださがゆうせいなりがちせいじゅくしゃかいにおいてよりじゅうようあるしかもいまむかしちがってなかへんサイクルどんどんみじかなっておりこれげいじゅつがわおおへんもといることしているなぜならだいへんすると、ひつぜんてきつぎつぎさくひんならず、さくひんしつたかことむずかしくなるしつたかかんせいいきちかときには、もうだいつぎサイクルはいいてつぎさくひんならない

ちゅう1)天邪鬼あまのじゃくここでは、さかていしたりするようもの

ちゅう2)ほうせつせいなかつつせいしつ

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1筆者によると、①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会に必要なのはなぜか。
  2. 2その繰り返しとあるが、何を繰り返すのか。
  3. 3筆者によると、いまの芸術家はどのような状況に置かれているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary11 words
  • 驚きおどろき
    • ·surprise; astonishment; wonder; amazement
    N1
  • 色彩しきさい
    • ·colour; color; hue; tints
    N1
  • 揺さぶるゆさぶる
    • ·to shake; to jolt; to rock; to swing; to sway
    • ·to shake (e.g. the political world); to disturb; to shock; to upset
    • ·to put off a batter (by varying one's type of pitch)
    N1
  • とぼしい
    • ·meagre; meager; scarce; limited; destitute; hard up; lacking; scanty; poor
    N1
  • あえて
    • ·purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); deliberately; intentionally
    • ·not necessarily; not particularly; not especially
    • ·definitely not
    N1
  • 優勢ゆうせい
    • ·superiority; superior power; predominance; preponderance
    N1
  • がち
    • ·artistry; good taste; elegance; grace
    N1
  • 成熟せいじゅく
    • ·maturity; ripeness
    N1
  • がわ
    • ·side (of something, or taking someone's side); part
    • ·(watch) case
    N1
  • 合わすあわすAs it appears here: 合わそう
    • ·to match (rhythm, speed, etc.)
    • ·to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
    • ·to face; to be opposite (someone)
    • ·to compare; to check with
    • ·to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate)
    • ·to place together; to connect; to overlap
    • ·to mix; to combine
    • ·to put blade to blade; to fight
    N1
  • 個々ここ
    • ·individual; one by one; separate; each
    N1
Other levels69 words
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • だれ
    • ·who
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれるAs it appears here: 生まれない
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • 意味いみ
    • ·meaning; significance; sense
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれる
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • 大きなおおきな
    • ·big; large; great
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もって
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • また
    • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
    • ·also; too; as well; likewise
    • ·on the other hand; while
    • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
    • ·or; otherwise
    • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
    • ·some time (in the future)
    • ·indirect
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: される
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なり
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • いま
    • ·now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately
    • ·another; more
    N5
  • ちがうAs it appears here: ちがって
    • ·to differ (from); to be different; to be distinct; to be unlike; to vary; to disagree (with)
    • ·to be wrong; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
    • ·to become abnormal; to go wrong
    • ·isn't it?; wasn't it?
    N5
  • 短いみじかいAs it appears here: 短く
    • ·short
    • ·brief
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なぜ
    • ·why; how; for what reason
    N5
  • 出すだすAs it appears here: 出さなければ
    • ·to take out; to get out
    • ·to put out; to reveal; to show
    • ·to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in
    • ·to publish; to make public
    • ·to send (e.g. letter)
    • ·to produce (a sound); to start (fire)
    • ·to serve (food)
    • ·... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)
    • ·to begin ...; to start to ...; to burst into ...
    N5
  • むずかしいAs it appears here: むずかしく
    • ·difficult; hard; troublesome; complicated; serious (disease, problem, etc.)
    • ·impossible; unfeasible
    • ·fussy; particular; fastidious; hard to please; displeased
    • ·gloomy; glum; sullen; serious (look)
    • ·dirty; unclean; filthy; detestable
    • ·unpleasant; uncomfortable; creepy; spooky
    N5
  • なる
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • つぎ
    • ·next; following; subsequent
    • ·stage; station
    N5
  • 入るはいるAs it appears here: 入って
    • ·to enter; to come in; to go in; to get in; to arrive
    • ·to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to enroll (in); to go into (e.g. politics); to get into
    • ·to be contained (in); to be included (in); to be inside (e.g. a box); to come under (a heading); to belong (in a category)
    • ·to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.); to be (able to be) held; to be (able to be) accommodated
    • ·to be introduced; to be brought in; to be installed
    • ·to be received; to be obtained
    • ·to be scored (of points); to be won (of votes)
    • ·to turn on; to start functioning; to start working
    • ·to enter (a month, season, etc.); to reach (e.g. a climax); to get to (e.g. the main topic); to enter into (e.g. negotiations); to start (doing); to begin
    • ·to form (of a crack, fissure, etc.); to develop
    • ·to be put in (of effort, spirit, feeling, etc.); to be applied (e.g. of strength)
    • ·to be ready (of tea, coffee, etc.); to be made
    • ·to enter the body (of alcohol); to become drunk
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したり
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • おと
    • ·sound; noise
    • ·(musical) note
    • ·fame
    N4
  • 世界せかい
    • ·the world; society; the universe
    • ·sphere; circle; world
    • ·world-renowned; world-famous
    • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
    N4
  • 包むつつむAs it appears here: 包まれて
    • ·to wrap up; to pack; to bundle; to do up
    • ·to cover; to envelop; to shroud; to engulf
    • ·to conceal (a feeling); to hide
    • ·to give (money in an envelope; as a wedding gift, funeral offering, etc.)
    N4
  • 文化ぶんか
    • ·culture; civilization; civilisation
    • ·Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
    N4
  • 社会しゃかい
    • ·society; public; community; the world
    • ·social studies
    N4
  • 必要ひつよう
    • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
    • ·necessity; need; requirement
    N4
  • むかし
    • ·the old days; the past; former times; a long time ago
    • ·the past ten years; the past decade
    N4
  • 時代じだい
    • ·period; epoch; era; age
    • ·the times; those days
    • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
    • ·antique; period piece
    N4
  • 感動かんどう
    • ·being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
    N3
  • とき
    • ·time; hour; moment
    • ·occasion; case
    • ·chance; opportunity; season
    • ·the times; the age; the day
    • ·tense
    N3
  • イライラいらいら
    • ·to get irritated; to get annoyed; to be on the edge; to fret; to lose patience
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • さまざま
    • ·various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
    N3
  • 穏やかおだやか
    • ·calm; quiet; gentle; peaceful; mild
    • ·moderate; reasonable; amicable
    N3
  • 現状げんじょう
    • ·present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
    N3
  • 不安ふあん
    • ·anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense
    N3
  • 刺激しげき
    • ·stimulus; stimulation; irritation (esp. of the body, e.g. skin, eyes)
    • ·impetus; impulse; stimulus; spur; incentive; encouragement; stimulation; motivation; provocation
    • ·excitement; thrill
    N3
  • 芸術げいじゅつ
    • ·art; the arts
    N3
  • 否定ひてい
    • ·denial; negation; repudiation; disavowal
    • ·negation
    • ·NOT operation
    N3
  • 誕生たんじょう
    • ·birth (of a person); nativity
    • ·creation; formation; birth; origin; making
    • ·one's first birthday
    N3
  • せい
    • ·nature (of a person)
    • ·sex; gender
    • ·sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.)
    • ·gender
    • ·-ty; -ity; -ness; -cy
    N3
  • 維持いじ
    • ·maintenance; preservation; improvement
    N3
  • 重要じゅうよう
    • ·important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
    N3
  • しかも
    • ·moreover; furthermore
    • ·nevertheless; and yet
    N3
  • 世の中よのなか
    • ·society; the world; the times
    N3
  • 変化へんか
    • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
    • ·variety; diversity
    • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
    • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
    N3
  • 求めるもとめるAs it appears here: 求められて
    • ·to want; to wish for
    • ·to request; to demand; to require; to ask for
    • ·to seek; to search for; to look for; to pursue (pleasure); to hunt (a job); to find (a solution)
    • ·to purchase; to buy
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 作品さくひん
    • ·work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
    N3
  • しつ
    • ·quality; value
    • ·nature; inherent quality; character
    • ·logical quality
    N3
  • 完成かんせい
    • ·completion; perfection; accomplishment
    N3
  • ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 逆らうさからうAs it appears here: 逆らったり
    • ·to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
    N3
  • くるむAs it appears here: くるんで
    • ·to wrap up (in); to roll up (in); to tuck (up)
    N2
  • 活力かつりょく
    • ·vitality; energy; dynamism
    N2
  • 高めるたかめる
    • ·to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
    N2
  • 高めるたかめるAs it appears here: 高めて
    • ·to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
    N2
  • 性質せいしつ
    • ·nature (of a person); disposition; temperament; character
    • ·quality; inherent characteristic; property; nature; (chemical) behavior
    N2
Grammar3 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • 敢えて(あえて)N1

    deliberately doing something difficult or unnecessary that one need not do; 'dare to', 'go out of one's way to'

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • だの~だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • をもって / をもちましてN1

    Formal marker of the means used, or the effective time from/at which something takes effect — 'by means of', 'as of'.

    そうした芸術が誕生すると、社会は大きな包摂性をもっているから、トゲトゲしたものもくるんで呑み込んでしまう。

    When such art emerges, society, with its great capacity for inclusion, wraps up and absorbs even these sharp-edged things.

Other levels27 patterns
  • といったN2

    Introduces representative examples before a summarizing noun — "(things) such as ~", "~ and the like".

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • ではないかN2

    Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

    ②その繰り返しによって、社会と文化のエネルギーが維持されるのではないか

    Perhaps it is through this repetition that the energy of society and culture is maintained.

  • しかもN2

    Additive conjunction adding a further, often stronger point — 'moreover, and what's more'.

    しかも、いまは昔とちがって世の中の変化のサイクルがどんどん短くなっており、これは芸術を生み出す側に大きな変化が求められていることを意味している。

    Moreover, unlike in the past, the cycle of social change is becoming shorter and shorter, meaning that major changes are being demanded of those who create art.

  • 的(てき)N33 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    そういう意味で穏やかで心地よい文化は、保守的で現状肯定的であり、創造性やエネルギーにとぼしい。

    In that sense, a calm and comfortable culture is conservative and affirming of the status quo, and lacks creativity and energy.

  • こそN3

    Emphatic particle singling out the preceding word as precisely the right or decisive one — 'precisely, exactly, ...for sure.'

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • としてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    ②その繰り返しによって、社会と文化のエネルギーが維持されるのではないか。

    Perhaps it is through this repetition that the energy of society and culture is maintained.

  • よりもN3

    Emphatic comparison marking one thing as exceeding another — 'even more than, rather than'.

    そうした芸術の天邪鬼性は、活力よりも穏やかさが優勢になりがちな成熟社会においてはより重要である。

    This contrarian quality of art is even more important in a mature society, where calmness tends to prevail over vitality.

  • がちN3

    Suffix on a noun or verb stem meaning "tend to / be prone to / apt to" — something happens often, usually undesirably.

    そうした芸術の天邪鬼性は、活力よりも穏やかさが優勢になりがちな成熟社会においてはより重要である。

    This contrarian quality of art is even more important in a mature society, where calmness tends to prevail over vitality.

  • において/におけるN3

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    そうした芸術の天邪鬼性は、活力よりも穏やかさが優勢になりがちな成熟社会においてはより重要である。

    This contrarian quality of art is even more important in a mature society, where calmness tends to prevail over vitality.

  • なぜならN3

    A sentence-initial conjunction that introduces the reason for what was just said — "because / the reason is that".

    なぜなら時代の変化に合わそうとすると、必然的に次々と作品を世に出さなければならず、個々の作品の質を高めることがむずかしくなる。

    This is because trying to keep pace with the times inevitably requires creators to release work after work, making it difficult to raise the quality of each individual piece.

  • とすれば・としたら・とするとN3

    'If / supposing that…' — sets up a hypothesis and states what would follow from it.

    なぜなら時代の変化に合わそうとすると、必然的に次々と作品を世に出さなければならず、個々の作品の質を高めることがむずかしくなる。

    This is because trying to keep pace with the times inevitably requires creators to release work after work, making it difficult to raise the quality of each individual piece.

  • ばかりN4

    Limits or emphasizes a thing — 'only / nothing but' — or after a past-tense verb means 'just (finished) doing.'

    芸術作品が私たちにもたらすものは、感動ばかりではない。

    What works of art bring us is not limited to emotional inspiration.

  • とか~とかN42 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative, non-exhaustive examples — 'things like X and Y', 'X, Y, and so on'.

    驚きとか困惑、ときに不快感やイライラ感だったりする。

    They may also bring surprise, bewilderment, and at times discomfort or irritation.

  • ときN43 times in this passage

    Marks the time at which something happens — "when X, Y."

    驚きとか困惑、ときに不快感やイライラ感だったりする。

    They may also bring surprise, bewilderment, and at times discomfort or irritation.

  • ようだN42 times in this passage

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    それまでだれも思いつかなかったような形状や色彩や音は、私たちをさまざまに揺さぶる。

    Shapes, colors, and sounds that no one had previously imagined can shake us in many different ways.

  • 〜てくれるN4

    Someone does an action for the benefit of the speaker (or the speaker's in-group) — '(someone) does (something) for me'.

    だからこそ、あえて不安とか狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる①天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。

    That is precisely why society needs art in the role of a contrarian, deliberately bringing stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

  • 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃうN4

    Verb te-form plus しまう, marking an action as fully completed or done regrettably/by accident — 'end up ...ing' / 'finish ...ing'; ちゃう/じゃう is the casual contraction.

    そうした芸術が誕生すると、社会は大きな包摂性をもっているから、トゲトゲしたものもくるんで呑み込んでしまう

    When such art emerges, society, with its great capacity for inclusion, wraps up and absorbs even these sharp-edged things.

  • が必要(がひつよう)N4

    Marks something as necessary or required — 'need X / X is necessary'.

    すると、また異質な刺激因子としての芸術が必要になってくる。

    Then art is once again needed as a new, alien source of stimulation.

  • 〜てくるN4

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    すると、また異質な刺激因子としての芸術が必要になってくる

    Then art is once again needed as a new, alien source of stimulation.

  • よりN4

    Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

    そうした芸術の天邪鬼性は、活力よりも穏やかさが優勢になりがちな成熟社会においてはより重要である。

    This contrarian quality of art is even more important in a mature society, where calmness tends to prevail over vitality.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    芸術作品が私たちにもたらすものは、感動ばかりではない

    What works of art bring us is not limited to emotional inspiration.

  • 〜たり〜たりN53 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    驚きとか困惑、ときに不快感やイライラ感だったりする。

    They may also bring surprise, bewilderment, and at times discomfort or irritation.

  • までN5

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    それまでだれも思いつかなかったような形状や色彩や音は、私たちをさまざまに揺さぶる。

    Shapes, colors, and sounds that no one had previously imagined can shake us in many different ways.

  • 〜ているN55 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    私たちは慣れ親しんだ世界に浸っているとき心地よさに包まれているが、そこから新しいものは生まれない。

    When we are immersed in a familiar world, we are enveloped in comfort, but nothing new is born from it.

  • もうN5

    The adverb "already" (with an affirmative), or "(not) anymore / any longer" (with a negative).

    質を高めて完成域に近づいたときには、もう時代は次のサイクルに入っていて、次の作品に取りかからなくてはならない。

    By the time the quality has been raised and a work approaches completion, the age has already entered its next cycle, and the artist must begin the next work.

  • なくてはならないN5

    Expresses obligation, often a rule or general necessity — 'must' / 'have to'.

    質を高めて完成域に近づいたときには、もう時代は次のサイクルに入っていて、次の作品に取りかからなくてはならない

    By the time the quality has been raised and a work approaches completion, the age has already entered its next cycle, and the artist must begin the next work.

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