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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #35
2

カンニングレポートまるうつなぜけしからんのか。きょういくうえゆういろいろあるだろうが、おおゆうひとつぶんかんがことほうするつみあるこれ日本にっぽんほろかねないのであるふくしまげんぱつで、日本にっぽんさいしょげん設計せっけいしたもとこくはくよれば日本にっぽん設計せっけいノウハウなくべいこくせいげん設計せっけいそのままデッドコピーしたそうだ。とうべいこくではハリケーンたいさくしゅりゅうで、しんなみそうていされていなかったそのためハリケーンにはつよなみよわところずいしょあったそうだ。たとえばじょうようでんげんのはハリケーンたいさくありなみにはよわ日本にっぽんじょうきょうそのとうしっかりかんがいればここまでひどいことにはならなかったかもしれないこうかいしているとのことだ。

ぶんかんがことそれはんてきかんがことがくせいぜひつけてここいうはんすること」は「なんすること」ではないにん欠点けってんのではなくしんじょうきょうそのとうせいかんがのであるひょうまでにんまえレポートへいていしゅつしたりインターネットけんさくしてじゅぎょうないようとはあいぶんコピペすることやっていたのでははんてきこうつかないこういうがくせいがいそつぎょうけんきゅうなかなかすすけんきゅうにはかいまだないどこにもないかいたんさくするこうからぶんかんがことうつそつけんできないだからそつけんたいていどのがくせいも※ひとかわのである

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1放棄する罪の例として正しいのは?
  2. 2ここでいう「批判的な思考」にもっとも近いのは?
  3. 3※の意味にもっとも近いのは何なのか?

Study this passage

Vocabulary11 words
  • 放棄ほうき
    • ·abandonment; renouncement; renunciation; resignation; abdication; surrender; relinquishing; waiving; giving up
    N1
  • 滅ぼすほろぼすAs it appears here: 滅ぼし
    • ·to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
    N1
  • 告白こくはく
    • ·confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.); admission
    • ·professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love
    • ·profession (of faith)
    • ·confession (of sins)
    N1
  • 津波つなみ
    • ·tsunami; tidal wave
    N1
  • 電源でんげん
    • ·source of electricity; electrical power
    • ·power (button on TV, etc.)
    N1
  • 後悔こうかい
    • ·regret; repentance; remorse
    N1
  • 非難ひなん
    • ·criticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
    N1
  • やるAs it appears here: やって
    • ·to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study
    • ·to send; to dispatch; to despatch
    • ·to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
    • ·to make (a vehicle) go faster
    • ·to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
    • ·to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
    • ·to hold (a performance); to perform; to show
    • ·to ease (one's mind)
    • ·to harm; to injure; to kill
    • ·to have sex; to fuck; to bang
    • ·to live; to get by; to get along
    • ·to do ... completely
    • ·to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance
    • ·to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to
    • ·to make active efforts to ...
    • ·to suffer from (an illness); to experience (a medical condition); to be afflicted with
    N1
  • 思考しこう
    • ·thought; consideration; thinking
    N1
  • 行為こうい
    • ·act; deed; conduct
    N1
  • 終わるおわる
    • ·to end; to come to an end; to finish; to close; to be over
    • ·to finish; to complete; to conclude
    • ·to finish doing
    • ·to be past its (one's) prime
    • ·to be awful; to be terrible; to suck; to be hopeless
    N1
Other levels70 words
  • なぜ
    • ·why; how; for what reason
    N5
  • いろいろ
    • ·various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
    • ·variously; in various ways; in many ways
    • ·various things; this and that
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 大きなおおきな
    • ·big; large; great
    N5
  • ひとつ
    • ·one
    • ·for one thing
    • ·only
    • ·(not) even
    • ·just (e.g. "just try it")
    • ·some kind of; one type of
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • これ
    • ·this; this one
    • ·this person
    • ·now; this point (in time)
    • ·here
    • ·used to stress the subject of a sentence
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: されて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 強いつよい
    • ·strong; potent; competent; domineering; tough
    • ·strong; brawny; powerful; healthy; rugged
    • ·good (at); skilled; knowledgeable
    • ·being able to handle; know how to deal (with); durable (against); resistant (to); resilient
    • ·firm; rigid; solid
    • ·intense; strong; fierce; high
    • ·dependable; trustworthy
    N5
  • 弱いよわい
    • ·weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
    N5
  • ところ
    • ·place; spot; scene; site
    • ·address
    • ·district; area; locality
    • ·one's house
    • ·point; aspect; side; facet
    • ·passage (in text); part
    • ·space; room
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·whereupon; as a result
    • ·about to; on the verge of
    • ·was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing
    • ·approximately; around; about
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あった
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • 置くおくAs it appears here: 置いた
    • ·to put; to place
    • ·to leave (behind)
    • ·to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up
    • ·to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ
    • ·to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)
    • ·to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool
    • ·to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house
    • ·to separate spatially or temporally
    • ·to do something in advance
    • ·to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state
    N5
  • ここ
    • ·here; this place
    • ·this point; here; now
    • ·these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
    • ·the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: ならなかった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • それ
    • ·that; it
    • ·then; that point (in time); that time
    • ·there
    • ·you
    N5
  • 学生がくせい
    • ·student (esp. a university student)
    N5
  • つけるAs it appears here: つけて
    • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
    • ·to furnish (a house with)
    • ·to wear; to put on
    • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
    • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
    • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
    • ·to bring alongside
    • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
    • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
    • ·to load; to give (courage to)
    • ·to keep (an eye on)
    • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
    • ·to turn on (a light)
    • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
    • ·to attach; to play an attachment
    • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
    • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
    N5
  • 欲しいほしい
    • ·wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for
    • ·I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
    N5
  • いう
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • 名前なまえ
    • ·name
    • ·given name; first name
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したり
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 授業じゅぎょう
    • ·lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
    N5
  • まだ
    • ·still; as yet; only
    • ·(not) yet
    • ·more; (more) still
    • ·at least; comparatively; relatively
    • ·unfinished; incomplete; not yet done
    N5
  • どこ
    • ·where; what place
    • ·how much (long, far); what extent
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できない
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • どの
    • ·which; what (way)
    N5
  • 教育きょういく
    • ·education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
    • ·culture; cultivation; education
    N4
  • 理由りゆう
    • ·reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえる
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 最初さいしょ
    • ·beginning; outset; first; onset
    N4
  • 地震じしん
    • ·earthquake
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • たとえば
    • ·for example; for instance; e.g.
    N4
  • しっかり
    • ·tightly (holding on); firmly; securely
    • ·strongly (built); solidly; sturdily; steadily
    • ·properly; well; sufficiently; hard (working, etc.); fully; completely
    • ·reliably; dependably; levelheadedly; shrewdly; wisely; cleverly
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • ひどい
    • ·cruel; heartless; hard; harsh; severe
    • ·violent; intense; strong; heavy; extreme
    • ·very bad; terrible; awful
    • ·excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; outrageous; unfair; unjust
    N4
  • 進むすすむAs it appears here: 進まない
    • ·to advance; to go forward
    • ·to precede; to go ahead (of)
    • ·to make progress; to improve
    • ·to deepen; to heighten
    • ·to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead
    • ·to do of one's own free will
    N4
  • 研究けんきゅう
    • ·research; study; investigation
    N4
  • 移れるうつれるAs it appears here: 移れない
    • ·to move (to another place or state); to change (e.g. of state, affiliation, scenery, etc.); to be transferred
    • ·to spread (of a fire, smell, etc.); to catch (an illness); to be infected; to be contagious
    • ·to move (e.g. of one's focus); to change (e.g. of one's interest)
    • ·to be permeated (by a color or scent); to seep into
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    N4
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • つみ
    • ·crime; sin; wrongdoing; indiscretion
    • ·penalty; sentence; punishment
    • ·fault; responsibility; culpability
    • ·thoughtlessness; lack of consideration
    N3
  • 設計せっけい
    • ·plan; design; layout
    N3
  • もと
    • ·origin; source; beginning
    • ·basis; base; foundation; root
    • ·cause
    • ·(raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock
    • ·(one's) side
    • ·capital; principal; cost price
    • ·root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
    • ·part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
    • ·first three lines of a waka
    • ·counter for plants or trees
    • ·counter for falcons (in falconry)
    N3
  • 技師ぎし
    • ·engineer; technical officer
    N3
  • そのまま
    • ·without change; as is
    • ·just like; extremely similar
    • ·immediately; just after; without a pause
    N3
  • 当時とうじ
    • ·at that time; in those days
    N3
  • 地下ちか
    • ·underground; below the ground
    • ·world of the dead; the grave
    • ·underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret; illegal; in hiding
    N3
  • 状況じょうきょう
    • ·state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
    N3
  • 合わせるあわせるAs it appears here: 合わせて
    • ·to match (rhythm, speed, etc.)
    • ·to join together; to unite; to combine; to add up
    • ·to face; to be opposite (someone)
    • ·to compare; to check with
    • ·to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate)
    • ·to place together; to connect; to overlap
    • ·to mix; to combine
    • ·to put blade to blade; to fight
    N3
    • ·time; pause
    • ·space
    • ·room
    N3
  • ぜひ
    • ·certainly; without fail
    • ·right and wrong; pros and cons
    N3
    • ·one's body; one's person
    • ·oneself; one's appearance
    • ·one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
    • ·main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.); wood (as opposed to bark); blade (as opposed to its handle); container (as opposed to its lid)
    N3
  • 批判ひはん
    • ·criticism; judgement; judgment; comment
    N3
  • 他人たにん
    • ·another person; other people; others
    • ·unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood)
    • ·outsider; stranger
    N3
  • 欠点けってん
    • ·fault; defect; flaw; weak point; weakness; shortcoming; drawback
    • ·failure (in an examination); failing grade
    N3
  • 責めるせめる
    • ·to condemn; to blame; to criticize; to criticise; to reproach; to accuse
    • ·to urge; to press; to pester
    • ·to torture; to torment; to persecute
    • ·to break in (a horse)
    N3
  • 自身じしん
    • ·(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
    N3
  • 提出ていしゅつ
    • ·presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
    N3
  • 内容ないよう
    • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
    N3
  • ぶん
    • ·sentence
    • ·composition; text; writings
    • ·the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; literature
    • ·statement
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • 上のうえの
    • ·to ascend; to go up; to climb
    • ·to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise
    • ·to go to (the capital)
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to add up to
    • ·to advance (in price)
    • ·to swim up (a river); to sail up
    • ·to come up (on the agenda)
    N2
  • 対策たいさく
    • ·measure; step; countermeasure; counterplan; countermove; strategy; preparation (e.g. for a test)
    N2
  • 照らすてらすAs it appears here: 照らして
    • ·to shine on; to illuminate
    • ·to compare (with); to refer to
    N2
  • 表紙ひょうし
    • ·cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding
    • ·to appear on the cover of a magazine
    N2
  • つくAs it appears here: つかない
    • ·to be lit (of a lamp, burner, etc.); to catch fire; to ignite; to start burning
    • ·to be turned on (of a light, appliance, etc.); to come on
    N2
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • に照らして(にてらして)N1

    Judges or acts according to a stated standard, law, or precedent — 'in light of', 'in accordance with'.

    他人の欠点を責めるのではなく、自身の状況に照らしてその妥当性を考えるのである。

    It means not blaming others for their faults, but considering whether something is valid in light of one's own circumstances.

Other levels19 patterns
  • かねないN2

    Warns that an undesirable outcome is quite possible — 'might well,' 'could end up (doing).'

    これは日本を滅ぼしかねないのである。

    This could even bring about Japan's ruin.

  • によると/によればN3

    Cites the source of reported/hearsay information, typically paired with a hearsay ending; 'according to'.

    福島の原発で、日本最初の原子炉を設計した元技師の告白によれば、日本に設計ノウハウがなく、米国製の原子炉の設計をそのままデッドコピーしたそうだ。

    According to the confession of a former engineer who designed Japan's first nuclear reactor at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, Japan lacked design know-how at the time and therefore made an exact copy of the design of an American-made reactor.

  • ままN3

    Expresses that a state is left unchanged while something else is done or happens; 'as it is / while still (in that state).'

    福島の原発で、日本最初の原子炉を設計した元技師の告白によれば、日本に設計ノウハウがなく、米国製の原子炉の設計をそのままデッドコピーしたそうだ。

    According to the confession of a former engineer who designed Japan's first nuclear reactor at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, Japan lacked design know-how at the time and therefore made an exact copy of the design of an American-made reactor.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    そのためハリケーンには強いが津波に弱いところが随所にあったそうだ。

    As a result, there were reportedly many features that were strong against hurricanes but vulnerable to tsunamis.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    そのためハリケーンには強いが津波に弱いところが随所にあったそうだ。

    As a result, there were reportedly many features that were strong against hurricanes but vulnerable to tsunamis.

  • 例えば(たとえば)N3

    Introduces an illustrative instance, 'for example / for instance'.

    たとえば地下に非常用電源を置いたのはハリケーン対策であり、津波には弱い。

    For example, placing the emergency power supply underground was a hurricane countermeasure, but it made the system vulnerable to tsunamis.

  • 的(てき)N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    自分で考えること、それも批判的に考えることを学生の間にぜひ身につけて欲しい。

    I very much want students to acquire the ability to think for themselves—and to think critically—while they are still students.

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    こういう学生は概して卒業研究がなかなか進まない。

    Students like this generally have great difficulty making progress on their graduation research.

  • かもしれないN4

    Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

    日本の状況に合わせてその当時しっかり考えていればここまでひどいことにはならなかったかもしれないと後悔しているとのことだ。

    He reportedly regrets that if they had thought things through carefully at the time and adapted the design to conditions in Japan, the outcome might not have been this disastrous.

  • 間(あいだ)N4

    Marks a span of time or space throughout which, or between whose endpoints, something else continuously holds — 'while; during; between'.

    自分で考えること、それも批判的に考えることを学生の間にぜひ身につけて欲しい。

    I very much want students to acquire the ability to think for themselves—and to think critically—while they are still students.

  • ぜひN4

    Emphatic adverb urging or strongly wishing for something, usually paired with a request or a desire — "by all means / definitely".

    自分で考えること、それも批判的に考えることを学生の間にぜひ身につけて欲しい。

    I very much want students to acquire the ability to think for themselves—and to think critically—while they are still students.

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    表紙まで他人の名前のレポートを平気で提出したり、インターネットで検索して授業内容とは相容れない文をコピペすることをやっていたのでは批判的思考は身につかない。

    If students casually submit reports that even bear someone else's name on the cover, or search the Internet and copy and paste passages incompatible with the course content, they will never develop critical thinking.

  • だろうN5

    Presumptive expressing conjecture — 'probably', 'I think', or seeking agreement 'right?'; plain だろう / polite でしょう.

    教育上の理由はいろいろあるだろうが、大きな理由のひとつは自分で考えることを放棄する罪である。

    There are probably many educational reasons, but one major reason is that doing so amounts to the offense of abandoning thought for oneself.

  • のでN55 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    これは日本を滅ぼしかねないのである。

    This could even bring about Japan's ruin.

  • 〜ているN53 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    当時の米国ではハリケーン対策が主流で、地震と津波は想定されていなかった。

    In the United States at the time, hurricane protection was the main concern, while earthquakes and tsunamis were not anticipated.

  • までN52 times in this passage

    Particle marking the spatial, temporal, or extent limit of an action — "until / up to / as far as."

    日本の状況に合わせてその当時しっかり考えていればここまでひどいことにはならなかったかもしれないと後悔しているとのことだ。

    He reportedly regrets that if they had thought things through carefully at the time and adapted the design to conditions in Japan, the outcome might not have been this disastrous.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    ここでいう「批判すること」は「非難すること」ではない

    The “criticism” referred to here does not mean “condemnation.”

  • 〜たり〜たりN5

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    表紙まで他人の名前のレポートを平気で提出したり、インターネットで検索して授業内容とは相容れない文をコピペすることをやっていたのでは批判的思考は身につかない。

    If students casually submit reports that even bear someone else's name on the cover, or search the Internet and copy and paste passages incompatible with the course content, they will never develop critical thinking.

  • まだN5

    Adverb showing an action or state still continues, or (with a negative) has not happened yet — "still / (not) yet."

    研究には解がまだない。

    In research, the answer does not yet exist.

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