• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 有名ゆうめい
  • ·famous; well-known
  N5
• 言葉ことば
  • ·language; dialect
  • ·word; phrase; expression; term
  • ·speech; (manner of) speaking; (use of) language
  • ·words; remark; statement; comment
  • ·learning to speak; language acquisition
  N5
• 見るみる
  • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
  • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
  • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
  • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
  • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
  • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
  N5
• ほか
  • ·another place; some other place; somewhere else; outside
  • ·another (person or thing); other; different; something else; someone else; the rest; et al.
  • ·beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
  • ·except; but; other than; apart from
  • ·besides; in addition to; as well as; on top of
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なら
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• 古いふるい
  • ·old; aged; ancient; antiquated; antique; timeworn
  • ·long; since long ago; time-honored
  • ·of the distant past; long-ago
  • ·stale; threadbare; hackneyed; corny
  • ·old-fashioned; outmoded; out-of-date
  N5
• 人ひと
  • ·person; someone; somebody
  • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
  • ·human (Homo sapiens)
  • ·(other) people; others
  • ·character; personality; nature
  • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
  • ·adult; grown-up
  • ·I; me; one
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しよう
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できない
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• もつAs it appears here: もった
  • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
  • ·to possess; to have; to own
  • ·to maintain; to keep
  • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
  • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
  • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
  • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
  N5
• 持つもつAs it appears here: 持た
  • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
  • ·to possess; to have; to own
  • ·to maintain; to keep
  • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
  • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
  • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
  • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
  N5
• 歴史れきし
  • ·history
  N4
• 場合ばあい
  • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
  N4
• 時代じだい
  • ·period; epoch; era; age
  • ·the times; those days
  • ·oldness; ancientness; antiquity
  • ·antique; period piece
  N4
• 心こころ
  • ·mind; heart; spirit
  • ·the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
  N4
• 生きるいきるAs it appears here: 生きて
  • ·to live; to exist
  • ·to make a living; to subsist
  • ·to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • ·to come to life; to be enlivened
  • ·to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)
  N4
• 研究けんきゅう
  • ·research; study; investigation
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• すべて
  • ·everything; all; the whole
  • ·entirely; completely; wholly; all
  N3
• 示すしめす
  • ·to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent
  • ·to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
  • ·to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display
  N3
• 内容ないよう
  • ·contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
  N3
• われわれ
  • ·we
  N3
• とおすAs it appears here: とおして
  • ·to let pass; to allow through; to let through; to make way (for)
  • ·to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to let permeate (e.g. water through a fabric); to permit through; to let through (e.g. air); to run through (e.g. a pipe); to penetrate; to let in
  • ·to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to thread (e.g. a needle); to put through
  • ·to connect (e.g. two places); to open (a route, path, etc.); to link (e.g. by a road); to establish (a connection between); to join; to extend up to (somewhere)
  • ·to pass (a student, applicant, etc.); to admit (e.g. a student); to let through; to let in
  • ·to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.); to show in; to guide in; to admit (someone)
  • ·to present logically; to make (e.g. one's argument) convincing; to be consistent (in one's reasoning); to stick to (e.g. one's principles)
  • ·to go through (e.g. a middleman); to put as an intermediary; to mediate via (somebody); to do via (something)
  • ·to pass (a law); to put through (e.g. a motion); to make way (for)
  • ·to listen through (a door, wall, etc.); to look through (e.g. a window)
  • ·to heat thorougly (of food); to cook properly; to warm well; to heat evenly
  • ·to dip into (e.g. a sauce); to pass through (e.g. a broth); to put through (e.g. boiling water)
  • ·to make (someone) approve (e.g. a plan); to force agreement; to push through (a proposal, idea, will, etc.); to have one's way
  • ·to continue (in a state); to persist in (doing); to keep doing; to remain (in a state)
  • ·to do through the lens of; to view from the angle of; to do from the perspective of
  • ·to do to the entirety of; to cover all of; to span the whole
  • ·to do from beginning to end without a break; to finish in one session; to do all at once; to do in one go
  • ·to relay (a message, an order, etc.); to convey (an intention, meaning, etc.); to send through; to pass on (e.g. information); to make heard (e.g. one's voice)
  • ·to do ... to the end; to do ... continuously; to carry through ...; to complete ...
  N3
• 過去かこ
  • ·the past; bygone days
  • ·one's past (that one would prefer remained secret)
  • ·past (tense); preterit; preterite
  • ·previous life
  N3
• 現在げんざい
  • ·the present; present time; now
  • ·as of
  • ·present tense
  • ·this world; this life
  • ·to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 人間にんげん
  • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
  • ·character (of a person)
  N3
• 要するにようするに
  • ·in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
  N3
• 性格せいかく
  • ·character (of a person); personality; disposition; nature
  • ·characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
  N3
• 学問がくもん
  • ·study; scholarship; learning; education; knowledge
  • ·discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 感情かんじょう
  • ·emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
  N3
• 公平こうへい
  • ·fairness; impartiality; justice; objectivity
  N3
• 文献ぶんけん
  • ·literature; books (reference); document
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• 要するにN2

  restates the preceding point concisely as a summary, 'in short / to sum up / in a word'

  要するに歴史学は、こうした性格をもった学問である。

  In short, history as an academic discipline has this kind of character.

• に対してN3

  Marks the target or object an action is directed at, or sets up a contrast between two things, 'toward / with regard to / in contrast to'.

  この有名な言葉が示す内容は、われわれが史料に対した場合、けっきょく史料をとおして過去を見るのは、ほかならぬ現在のわれわれであり現在の眼である、ということである。

  What this famous statement means is that when we confront historical materials, it is ultimately none other than our present selves, looking with present-day eyes, who see the past through those materials.

• ということだN3

  Reports hearsay or states a conclusion drawn from what precedes — 'I hear that…' / 'that is to say / it amounts to…'.

  この有名な言葉が示す内容は、われわれが史料に対した場合、けっきょく史料をとおして過去を見るのは、ほかならぬ現在のわれわれであり現在の眼である、ということである。

  What this famous statement means is that when we confront historical materials, it is ultimately none other than our present selves, looking with present-day eyes, who see the past through those materials.

• ようとするN3

  Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.

  われわれは、公平無私に、また古い時代の人の心になって対処しようとしても、われわれが生きている現在の時代の人間である、ということから脱出することはできないからである。

  For even if we try to approach them fairly and impartially, and to put ourselves in the minds of people from earlier ages, we cannot escape the fact that we are people of the present age in which we live.

• ためにN3

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  （注1）史料：歴史研究のために必要な文献や遺物など

  (Note 1) Historical materials: documents, artifacts, and other materials needed for historical research

• ずにN3

  Marks doing one thing without doing another; a more formal equivalent of 〜ないで — 'without …ing'.

  （注2）公平無私に：私的な感情を持たずに公平に

  (Note 2) Fairly and impartially: fairly, without personal feelings

• ということN4

  Nominalizes a whole statement into a noun — 'the fact that', 'it means that'.

  われわれは、公平無私に、また古い時代の人の心になって対処しようとしても、われわれが生きている現在の時代の人間である、ということから脱出することはできないからである。

  For even if we try to approach them fairly and impartially, and to put ourselves in the minds of people from earlier ages, we cannot escape the fact that we are people of the present age in which we live.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  （注1）史料：歴史研究のために必要な文献や遺物など

  (Note 1) Historical materials: documents, artifacts, and other materials needed for historical research

• 〜ているN5

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  われわれは、公平無私に、また古い時代の人の心になって対処しようとしても、われわれが生きている現在の時代の人間である、ということから脱出することはできないからである。

  For even if we try to approach them fairly and impartially, and to put ourselves in the minds of people from earlier ages, we cannot escape the fact that we are people of the present age in which we live.