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N1 · AdvancedMedium passagePassage #307
2

大おお昔むかしの人ひとびとは、花はなにかこまれていました。だから、花はなをわざわざ表ひょう現げんしようと思おもわなかったのです。ところが、人にん間げんは文ぶん明めいを発達はったつさせるにつれて、自し然ぜんをこわしていきます。そして、自し然ぜんをこわせばこわすほど、人ひとは①花はなを表ひょう現げんするようになったのではないでしようか。

森しん林りんや草くさ地ちを開ひらいて、垣かき根ねをつくります。垣かき根ねのなかには、木きを植うえたり草くさ花ばなを植うえたりして花はなを楽たのしみます。建たて物もののなかはいくつもの部屋へやに分わかれた完かん全ぜんに人じん工こう的てきな空くう間かんです。この人じん工こう的てきな空くう間かんのなかで、人にん間げんは長ながい時じ間かんをすごすようになってきます。そうすると、殺風景さっぷうけいな気き分ぶんを和やわらげるために、そこに自し然ぜんをもちこみたくなります。部屋へやの壁かべに花はなの模も様ようを使つかったり、花はなの絵えを飾かざったりします。生いけ花ばなを飾かざり、鉢はち植うえの花はなをもってきたりします。窓まどの外ほかには花か壇だんをつくります。

(中ちゅう略りゃく）世せ界かい的てきにみても花はなの造ぞう形けいの歴れき史しは新あたらしく、とくに花はな専せん門もんの絵えが出でてくるのはわずか100年ねん前まえのことなのです。このように花はなの造ぞう形けいの歴れき史しがひじょうに新あたらしいという事じ実じつの解かい釈しゃくとして、知ち的てきな発達はったつで人にん間げんは花はなを愛あいするようになったという解かい釈しゃくもあります。しかし私わたしはむしろ、人にん間げんは自し然ぜんをこわせばこわすほど花はなを愛あいするようになったのではないかと考かんがえているのです。

（佐さ原はら真しん「遺い跡せきが語かたる日本人にっぽんじんのくらし」岩いわ波なみジュニア新しん書しょ）

Questions

0/3 answered
  1. 1ここでの①花を表現する例として、適当でないものはどれか。
  2. 2この文章によると、人間が花を愛する気持ちを強くするのはなぜだと考えられるか。
  3. 3この文章では何を説明しているか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary6 words
  • わざわざ
    • ·expressly; especially; specially; taking the trouble (to do); going to the trouble of (doing); going out of one's way (to do)
    • ·intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
    N1
  • 楽しむたのしむAs it appears here: 楽しみます
    • ·to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to have fun; to amuse oneself
    • ·to look forward to
    N1
  • 和らげるやわらげる
    • ·to soften; to moderate; to relieve
    N1
  • 花壇かだん
    • ·flower bed
    N1
  • 知的ちてき
    • ·intellectual
    N1
  • 遺跡いせき
    • ·(archeological) remains; ruins; relics
    N1
Other levels70 words
  • 花はな
    • ·flower; blossom; bloom; petal
    • ·cherry blossom
    • ·beauty
    • ·blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms)
    • ·ikebana
    • ·hanafuda
    • ·(the) best
    • ·glorious; lovely
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しよう
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させる
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 人ひと
    • ·person; someone; somebody
    • ·human beings; mankind; man; people; humans
    • ·human (Homo sapiens)
    • ·(other) people; others
    • ·character; personality; nature
    • ·capable person; competent person; suitable person; right person
    • ·adult; grown-up
    • ·I; me; one
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なった
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 開くひらくAs it appears here: 開いて
    • ·to open (e.g. doors)
    • ·to open (e.g. business, etc.)
    • ·to be empty
    • ·to be vacant; to be available; to be free
    • ·to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.)
    • ·to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
    • ·to come to an end
    • ·to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
    • ·to have a hole; to form a gap; to have an interval (between events)
    N5
  • つくるAs it appears here: つくります
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • なか
    • ·inside; interior
    • ·among; within
    • ·middle; center; centre
    • ·during; while; middle; midst; amid
    • ·interval; gap
    • ·mean; average
    • ·second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes); middle
    • ·medium grade; medium quality
    • ·red-light district
    N5
  • 木き
    • ·tree; shrub; bush
    • ·wood; timber
    • ·wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: して
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 建物たてもの
    • ·building
    N5
  • いくつ
    • ·how many
    • ·how old
    N5
  • 部屋へや
    • ·room; chamber
    • ·apartment; flat; pad
    • ·stable
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 長いながい
    • ·long (distance, length)
    • ·long (time); protracted; prolonged
    N5
  • 時間じかん
    • ·time
    • ·hour
    • ·period; class; lesson
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なって
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • そこ
    • ·there (place relatively near listener)
    • ·there (place just mentioned); that place
    • ·then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)
    • ·you
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なります
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使ったり
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 絵え
    • ·picture; drawing; painting; sketch
    • ·image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: します
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もって
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 窓まど
    • ·window
    N5
  • みるAs it appears here: みて
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしいAs it appears here: 新しく
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • 出るでるAs it appears here: 出て
    • ·to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out
    • ·to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
    • ·to move forward
    • ·to come to; to get to; to lead to; to reach
    • ·to appear; to come out; to emerge; to surface; to come forth; to turn up; to be found; to be detected; to be discovered; to be exposed; to show; to be exhibited; to be on display
    • ·to appear (in print); to be published; to be announced; to be issued; to be listed; to come out
    • ·to attend; to participate; to take part; to enter (an event); to play in; to perform
    • ·to be stated; to be expressed; to come up; to be brought up; to be raised
    • ·to sell
    • ·to exceed; to go over
    • ·to stick out; to protrude
    • ·to break out; to occur; to start; to originate
    • ·to be produced
    • ·to come from; to be derived from
    • ·to be given; to get; to receive; to be offered; to be provided; to be presented; to be submitted; to be handed in; to be turned in; to be paid
    • ·to answer (phone, door, etc.); to get
    • ·to assume (an attitude); to act; to behave
    • ·to pick up (speed, etc.); to gain
    • ·to flow (e.g. tears); to run; to bleed
    • ·to graduate
    • ·to ejaculate; to cum
    N5
  • 前まえ
    • ·in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
    • ·before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
    • ·(the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
    • ·forward; ahead
    • ·(in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
    • ·previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
    • ·portion; helping
    • ·front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
    • ·privates; private parts
    • ·criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
    N5
  • 新しいあたらしい
    • ·new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern
    N5
  • あるAs it appears here: あります
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • しかし
    • ·however; but
    N5
  • 私わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思わなかった
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • こわすAs it appears here: こわして
    • ·to break; to destroy; to demolish
    • ·to wreck; to ruin; to spoil; to damage
    • ·to break (a bill, etc.)
    N4
  • こわすAs it appears here: こわせば
    • ·to break; to destroy; to demolish
    • ·to wreck; to ruin; to spoil; to damage
    • ·to break (a bill, etc.)
    N4
  • こわす
    • ·to break; to destroy; to demolish
    • ·to wreck; to ruin; to spoil; to damage
    • ·to break (a bill, etc.)
    N4
  • 植えるうえるAs it appears here: 植えたり
    • ·to plant; to grow; to raise
    • ·to insert; to transplant; to implant; to set (type)
    • ·to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent)
    • ·to instill (idea, value, etc.); to inculcate
    N4
  • 気分きぶん
    • ·feeling; mood
    N4
  • ため
    • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
    • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
    • ·consequence; result; effect
    • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
    N4
  • 壁かべ
    • ·wall; partition
    • ·barrier; obstacle; hindrance; difficulty
    • ·Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
    • ·wall (of stones)
    N4
  • 飾るかざるAs it appears here: 飾ったり
    • ·to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
    • ·to display; to exhibit; to put on show; to arrange
    • ·to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page); to grace (e.g. the cover)
    • ·to affect (a manner); to keep up (appearances); to embellish; to dress up; to be showy; to be pretentious
    N4
  • 飾るかざるAs it appears here: 飾り
    • ·to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
    • ·to display; to exhibit; to put on show; to arrange
    • ·to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page); to grace (e.g. the cover)
    • ·to affect (a manner); to keep up (appearances); to embellish; to dress up; to be showy; to be pretentious
    N4
  • 歴史れきし
    • ·history
    N4
  • とくに
    • ·particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
    N4
  • ひじょうに
    • ·very; extremely; exceedingly
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • かこむAs it appears here: かこまれて
    • ·to surround; to encircle; to enclose; to fence; to wall in
    • ·to besiege; to lay siege to
    • ·to play (go, shogi, etc.)
    N3
  • 表現ひょうげん
    • ·expression; representation; description
    • ·representation (of a group)
    N3
  • ところが
    • ·even so; however; still; whereupon; even though; nevertheless; on the contrary; as a matter of fact; despite
    N3
  • 人間にんげん
    • ·human being; human; person; man; mankind; humankind
    • ·character (of a person)
    N3
  • 文明ぶんめい
    • ·civilization; civilisation; culture
    • ·Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
    N3
  • 発達はったつ
    • ·development; growth
    • ·progress; development; advancement
    • ·expansion (of a typhoon, low-pressure area, etc.)
    • ·developmental disability; person with a developmental disability
    N3
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • 完全かんぜん
    • ·perfect; complete
    N3
  • すごす
    • ·to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
    • ·to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess
    • ·to take care of; to support
    • ·to overdo; to do too much
    • ·to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
    N3
  • 模様もよう
    • ·pattern; figure; design
    • ·state; condition
    • ·conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems
    • ·model; pattern; example
    • ·indicates that something seems likely (e.g. rain or storm)
    • ·framework; territorial framework; moyo
    N3
  • わずか
    • ·a little; a few; small; slight; trifling; meagre; meager; narrow (margin)
    • ·only; just; merely; no more than
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 事実じじつ
    • ·fact; truth; reality
    N3
  • 解釈かいしゃく
    • ·interpretation; explanation; reading; construction
    N3
  • 愛するあいする
    • ·to love
    N3
  • むしろ
    • ·rather; better; instead; if anything
    N3
  • 語るかたる
    • ·to talk about; to speak of; to tell; to narrate
    • ·to recite; to chant
    • ·to indicate; to show
    N3
  • くらし
    • ·(way of) life; lifestyle; living; life circumstances; livelihood; day-to-day life
    N3
  • 森林しんりん
    • ·forest; woods
    N2
  • 垣根かきね
    • ·hedge; fence
    • ·border; limit
    N2
  • 分かれるわかれるAs it appears here: 分かれた
    • ·to branch; to fork; to diverge
    • ·to separate; to split; to divide
    • ·to disperse; to scatter
    N2
  • 生け花いけばな
    • ·ikebana; (expl.) Japanese art of flower arrangement
    • ·fresh flower; natural flower
    N2
Grammar2 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • をもって / をもちましてN1

    Formal marker of the means used, or the effective time from/at which something takes effect — 'by means of', 'as of'.

    生け花を飾り、鉢植えの花をもってきたりします。

    They display flower arrangements and bring in potted flowers.

  • だの～だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    (中略）世界的にみても花の造形の歴史は新しく、とくに花専門の絵が出てくるのはわずか100年前のことなのです。

    (Omitted) Even from a global perspective, the history of artistic representations of flowers is relatively recent; paintings devoted specifically to flowers appeared only about 100 years ago.

Other levels23 patterns
  • そうするとN2

    Presents the natural consequence of what was just said or done — 'if that's the case', 'then'.

    そうすると、殺風景な気分を和らげるために、そこに自然をもちこみたくなります。

    Then, to soften the bleak and barren feeling, they want to bring nature into that space.

  • ではないかN2

    Rhetorically seeks agreement or expresses a realization — 'isn't it? / right? / surely.'

    しかし私はむしろ、人間は自然をこわせばこわすほど花を愛するようになったのではないかと考えているのです。

    I, however, think rather that the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to love flowers.

  • わざわざN3

    Adverb marking that someone went out of their way or took special trouble to do something — 'expressly, specially, all the way'.

    だから、花をわざわざ表現しようと思わなかったのです。

    Therefore, they did not think of deliberately representing flowers.

  • ところがN3

    Sentence-initial conjunction introducing a result that runs contrary to what was expected — "however; but (unexpectedly)".

    ところが、人間は文明を発達させるにつれて、自然をこわしていきます。

    However, as civilization developed, humans increasingly destroyed nature.

  • につれてN3

    Expresses that as one thing changes, another changes proportionally alongside it; 'as', 'in proportion to'.

    ところが、人間は文明を発達させるにつれて、自然をこわしていきます。

    However, as civilization developed, humans increasingly destroyed nature.

  • 的（てき）N33 times in this passage

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    建物のなかはいくつもの部屋に分かれた完全に人工的な空間です。

    The inside of a building is a completely artificial space divided into numerous rooms.

  • ためにN3

    marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

    そうすると、殺風景な気分を和らげるために、そこに自然をもちこみたくなります。

    Then, to soften the bleak and barren feeling, they want to bring nature into that space.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    このように花の造形の歴史がひじょうに新しいという事実の解釈として、知的な発達で人間は花を愛するようになったという解釈もあります。

    One interpretation of the fact that the history of floral representation is so recent is that intellectual development caused humans to come to love flowers.

  • としてN3

    Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

    このように花の造形の歴史がひじょうに新しいという事実の解釈として、知的な発達で人間は花を愛するようになったという解釈もあります。

    One interpretation of the fact that the history of floral representation is so recent is that intellectual development caused humans to come to love flowers.

  • むしろN3

    Adverb overturning an expectation to present the following as the more fitting statement; "rather / if anything".

    しかし私はむしろ、人間は自然をこわせばこわすほど花を愛するようになったのではないかと考えているのです。

    I, however, think rather that the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to love flowers.

  • と思う（とおもう）N4

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    だから、花をわざわざ表現しようと思わなかったのです。

    Therefore, they did not think of deliberately representing flowers.

  • させるN4

    Causative construction — make or let someone do an action ('make/let ~ do').

    ところが、人間は文明を発達させるにつれて、自然をこわしていきます。

    However, as civilization developed, humans increasingly destroyed nature.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    ところが、人間は文明を発達させるにつれて、自然をこわしていきます。

    However, as civilization developed, humans increasingly destroyed nature.

  • ようになるN44 times in this passage

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    そして、自然をこわせばこわすほど、人は①花を表現するようになったのではないでしようか。

    And perhaps the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to ① represent flowers.

  • 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

    Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

    この人工的な空間のなかで、人間は長い時間をすごすようになってきます。

    Humans have come to spend long periods of time in this artificial space.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    (中略）世界的にみても花の造形の歴史は新しく、とくに花専門の絵が出てくるのはわずか100年前のことなのです。

    (Omitted) Even from a global perspective, the history of artistic representations of flowers is relatively recent; paintings devoted specifically to flowers appeared only about 100 years ago.

  • 〜ているN52 times in this passage

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    大昔の人びとは、花にかこまれていました。

    People in ancient times were surrounded by flowers.

  • だ / ですN55 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    だから、花をわざわざ表現しようと思わなかったのです。

    Therefore, they did not think of deliberately representing flowers.

  • そしてN5

    Additive/sequential conjunction joining clauses, 'and / and then'.

    そして、自然をこわせばこわすほど、人は①花を表現するようになったのではないでしようか。

    And perhaps the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to ① represent flowers.

  • じゃない・ではないN5

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    そして、自然をこわせばこわすほど、人は①花を表現するようになったのではないでしようか。

    And perhaps the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to ① represent flowers.

  • 〜たり〜たりN55 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    垣根のなかには、木を植えたり草花を植えたりして花を楽しみます。

    Inside the fences, they plant trees and flowers and enjoy the blossoms.

  • 〜たいN5

    Expresses the speaker's own desire to do something — “want to do”.

    そうすると、殺風景な気分を和らげるために、そこに自然をもちこみたくなります。

    Then, to soften the bleak and barren feeling, they want to bring nature into that space.

  • しかしN5

    Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

    しかし私はむしろ、人間は自然をこわせばこわすほど花を愛するようになったのではないかと考えているのです。

    I, however, think rather that the more humans destroyed nature, the more they came to love flowers.

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