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N3 · IntermediateShort passagePassage #296
2

普ふ通つうのガラスは、落おとしたり何なにか物ものがぶつかったりすると簡かん単たんに割われるが、車くるまなどに使つかわれる強きょう化かガラスはなかなか割われない。実じつは、二ふたつのガラスの違ちがいは作つくる方ほう法ほうにある。普ふ通つうのガラスは、原げん料りょうを加か熱ねつした後のちゆっくり冷ひやすので、その過か程てい（注1）で、表ひょう面めんに目めに見みえないたくさんの傷きずができ、力ちからを加くわえると傷きずが広ひろがって割われる。―方かた、強きょう化かガラスは加か熱ねつ後ご急きゅう激げき（注2）に冷ひやすので、ガラスの表ひょう面めん近ちかくは圧あっ縮しゅく（注3）された層そう（注4）となり、力ちからが加くわわっても表ひょう面めんの傷きずが広ひろがりにくく、割われにくい。


（注ちゅう1）過か程てい：物もの事ごとが進すすむ途と中ちゅうのこと

（注ちゅう2）急きゅう激げき：変へん化かや動うごきが急きゅうで、激はげしい様よう子す

（注ちゅう3）圧あっ縮しゅく：力ちからを加くわえて、縮ちぢめたり小ちいさくしたりすること

（注ちゅう4）層そう：上じょう下げに重かさなること、重かさなっているもの

Questions

0/1 answered
  1. 1普通のガラスと強化ガラスの違いは何か。

Study this passage

Vocabulary20 words
  • 何かなにか
    • ·something; some; any
    • ·somehow; for some reason
    • ·(so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
    N3
  • なかなか
    • ·very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather
    • ·by no means; not readily
    • ·middle; half-way point
    • ·excellent; wonderful; very good
    N3
  • 実はじつは
    • ·as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
    N3
  • 違いちがい
    • ·difference; distinction; discrepancy
    • ·mistake; error
    N3
  • 方法ほうほう
    • ·method; way; manner; process; procedure; means; measure
    N3
  • 後のち
    • ·later; afterwards
    • ·future
    • ·after one's death
    • ·descendant
    N3
  • 表面ひょうめん
    • ·surface; face
    • ·outside; exterior
    • ·appearances; superficiality
    N3
  • 傷きず
    • ·wound; injury; cut; gash; bruise; scratch; scrape; scar
    • ·chip; crack; scratch; nick
    • ·flaw; defect; weakness; weak point
    • ·stain (on one's reputation); disgrace; dishonor; dishonour
    • ·(emotional) hurt; hurt feelings
    N3
  • 加えるくわえる
    • ·to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
    • ·to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
    • ·to include; to count in; to let join
    • ·to inflict (damage); to deal; to give
    N3
  • 広がるひろがるAs it appears here: 広がって
    • ·to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
    N3
  • 急激きゅうげき
    • ·sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
    N3
  • 加わるくわわるAs it appears here: 加わって
    • ·to be added to; to be appended
    • ·to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate
    • ·to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence); to grow; to gather (speed)
    • ·to be applied (e.g. heat, pressure); to be exerted
    N3
  • 広がるひろがるAs it appears here: 広がり
    • ·to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
  • 物事ものごと
    • ·things; everything
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 変化へんか
    • ·change; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; transformation
    • ·variety; diversity
    • ·inflection; declension; conjugation
    • ·henka; (expl.) evasive sidestep at the beginning of a bout
    N3
  • 激しいはげしい
    • ·violent; furious; tempestuous
    • ·extreme; intense; fierce; strong
    • ·fervent; vehement
    • ·incessant; relentless
    • ·precipitous; steep
    N3
  • 様子ようす
    • ·state (of affairs); situation; circumstances
    • ·appearance; look(s); air; manner; behaviour; demeanor
    • ·sign; indication
    N3
  • 加えるくわえるAs it appears here: 加えて
    • ·to add; to add up; to sum up; to append; to annex
    • ·to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to pick up
    • ·to include; to count in; to let join
    • ·to inflict (damage); to deal; to give
    N3
Other levels41 words
  • 物もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 車くるま
    • ·car; automobile; vehicle
    • ·wheel; castor; caster
    N5
  • 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使われる
    • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
    • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
    • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
    • ·to use (language); to speak
    N5
  • 二つふたつ
    • ·two
    N5
  • 作るつくる
    • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
    • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
    • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
    • ·to till
    • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
    • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
    • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
    • ·to have (a child)
    • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
    • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
    • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
    • ·to form (a line, etc.)
    • ·to set (a record)
    • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
    N5
  • ある
    • ·to be; to exist; to live
    • ·to have
    • ·to be located
    • ·to be equipped with
    • ·to happen; to come about
    • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 目め
    • ·eye; eyeball
    • ·eyesight; sight; vision
    • ·look; stare; gaze; glance
    • ·notice; attention; observation; eyes (of the world, public, etc.)
    • ·an experience
    • ·viewpoint
    • ·discrimination; discernment; judgement; eye (e.g. for quality)
    • ·(an) appearance
    • ·chance (of success); possibility (of a good result)
    • ·spacing (between crossed strands of a net, mesh, etc.); opening; stitch; texture; weave
    • ·grain (of wood, paper)
    • ·eye (of a storm, needle, etc.)
    • ·intersection (on a go board); square (on a chessboard)
    • ·dot (on a dice); pip; rolled number
    • ·graduation; division (of a scale)
    • ·tooth (of a saw, comb, etc.)
    • ·ordinal number suffix
    • ·somewhat; -ish
    • ·point (e.g. of change)
    • ·eye (empty space inside a group of stones)
    N5
  • たくさん
    • ·a lot; lots; plenty; many; a large number; much; a great deal; a good deal
    • ·enough; sufficient
    • ·enough; too many; too much
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: でき
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • 方かた
    • ·direction; way
    • ·person; lady; gentleman
    • ·method of; manner of; way of
    • ·care of ...
    • ·person in charge of ...
    • ·side (e.g. "on my mother's side")
    N5
  • 近くちかく
    • ·near; neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
    • ·nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to
    • ·shortly; soon
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: された
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なり
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 小さいちいさいAs it appears here: 小さく
    • ·small; little; tiny
    • ·slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); minor; small
    • ·low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
    • ·unimportant; petty; insignificant; trifling; trivial
    • ·young; juvenile
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: したり
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 普通ふつう
    • ·normal; ordinary; regular; usual; common; average
    • ·normally; ordinarily; usually; generally; commonly
    • ·local train; train that stops at every station
    N4
  • ガラスがらす
    • ·glass; pane
    N4
  • 簡単かんたん
    • ·simple; easy; uncomplicated
    • ·brief; quick; light
    N4
  • 割れるわれる
    • ·to break; to be smashed
    • ·to split; to crack; to fissure; to be torn
    • ·to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party)
    • ·to come to light; to become clear; to be identified; to be revealed
    • ·to become distorted (of sound); to clip
    • ·to be divisible (without a remainder)
    • ·to drop below a minimum
    N4
  • 割れるわれるAs it appears here: 割れない
    • ·to break; to be smashed
    • ·to split; to crack; to fissure; to be torn
    • ·to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party)
    • ·to come to light; to become clear; to be identified; to be revealed
    • ·to become distorted (of sound); to clip
    • ·to be divisible (without a remainder)
    • ·to drop below a minimum
    N4
  • 見えるみえるAs it appears here: 見えない
    • ·to be seen; to be visible; to be in sight
    • ·to look; to seem; to appear
    • ·to come
    N4
  • 力ちから
    • ·force; strength; might; vigour; vigor; energy
    • ·capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty
    • ·efficacy; effect
    • ·effort; endeavours; endeavors; exertions
    • ·power; authority; influence; good offices; agency
    • ·support; help; aid; assistance
    • ·stress; emphasis
    • ·means; resources
    N4
  • 割れるわれるAs it appears here: 割れ
    • ·to break; to be smashed
    • ·to split; to crack; to fissure; to be torn
    • ·to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party)
    • ·to come to light; to become clear; to be identified; to be revealed
    • ·to become distorted (of sound); to clip
    • ·to be divisible (without a remainder)
    • ·to drop below a minimum
    N4
  • 進むすすむ
    • ·to advance; to go forward
    • ·to precede; to go ahead (of)
    • ·to make progress; to improve
    • ·to deepen; to heighten
    • ·to be fast (of a clock); to be ahead
    • ·to do of one's own free will
    N4
  • 途中とちゅう
    • ·on the way; en route
    • ·in the middle of; midway; halfway
    N4
  • 急きゅう
    • ·sudden; abrupt; unexpected
    • ·urgent; pressing
    • ·steep; sharp; precipitous
    • ·rapid; swift; fast
    • ·emergency; crisis; danger
    • ·urgency; hurrying; haste
    • ·(in gagaku or noh) end of a song
    N4
  • 原料げんりょう
    • ·raw materials; ingredient
    N2
  • 加熱かねつ
    • ·heating; application of heat
    N2
  • 冷やすひやす
    • ·to cool; to chill; to refrigerate
    • ·to calm down; to cool off; to regain one's composure; to relax
    • ·to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)
    N2
  • 過程かてい
    • ·process; course; mechanism
    N2
  • 圧縮あっしゅく
    • ·compression
    • ·condensing; shortening; summarizing
    • ·compression (of data)
    N2
  • 縮めるちぢめるAs it appears here: 縮めたり
    • ·to shorten; to reduce; to condense; to shrink
    • ·to crumple (fabric); to wrinkle
    • ·to make (one's body) smaller; to draw in (one's legs); to duck (one's head)
    N2
  • 上下じょうげ
    • ·top and bottom; high and low; above and below; upper and lower ends; up and down
    • ·going up and down; rising and falling; fluctuating
    • ·going and coming back
    • ·upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled; the government and the people
    • ·first and second volumes
    • ·top and bottom; two-piece (outfit)
    N2
  • 重なるかさなる
    • ·to be piled up; to lie on top of one another
    • ·to come one after another; to happen over and over; to pile up (e.g. stress); to accumulate
    • ·to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time; to happen simultaneously
    N2
  • 重なるかさなるAs it appears here: 重なって
    • ·to be piled up; to lie on top of one another
    • ·to come one after another; to happen over and over; to pile up (e.g. stress); to accumulate
    • ·to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time; to happen simultaneously
    N2
  • 落とすおとすAs it appears here: 落としたり
    • ·to drop; to lose; to let fall; to shed (light); to cast (one's gaze); to pour in (liquid); to leave behind
    • ·to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose; to spend money at a certain place; to omit; to leave out; to secretly let escape
    • ·to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to fail (a course); to defeat (in an election)
    • ·to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice); to lessen (e.g. production or body weight); to worsen (quality); to reduce (e.g. rank or popularity); to speak badly of; to make light of; to fall into straitened circumstances
    • ·to fall into (e.g. a dilemma or sin); to make one's own; to have one's bid accepted; to force surrender; to take (e.g. an enemy camp or castle); to forcefully convince; to press for a confession; to deal with
    • ·to download; to copy from a computer to another medium
    • ·to make someone swoon (judo)
    • ·to finish a story (e.g. with the punch line)
    • ·to finish (a period, e.g. of fasting)
    • ·to win over; to seduce; to conquer (unwillingness)
    N1
  • 動きうごき
    • ·movement; move; motion
    • ·trend; development; change; fluctuation
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • なかなかN3

    An adverb meaning "quite / considerably", or with a following negative verb "not easily / just won't".

    普通のガラスは、落としたり何か物がぶつかったりすると簡単に割れるが、車などに使われる強化ガラスはなかなか割れない。

    Ordinary glass breaks easily if it is dropped or struck by something, but tempered glass used in cars and similar applications does not break easily.

Other levels7 patterns
  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    普通のガラスは、落としたり何か物がぶつかったりすると簡単に割れるが、車などに使われる強化ガラスはなかなか割れない。

    Ordinary glass breaks easily if it is dropped or struck by something, but tempered glass used in cars and similar applications does not break easily.

  • に見える（にみえる）N4

    Expresses how something appears or seems to an observer, 'to look ~ / to seem ~.'

    普通のガラスは、原料を加熱した後ゆっくり冷やすので、その過程で、表面に目に見えないたくさんの傷ができ、力を加えると傷が広がって割れる。

    Ordinary glass is cooled slowly after the raw material is heated, so during that process many invisible scratches form on its surface; when force is applied, the scratches spread and the glass breaks.

  • てもN4

    Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

    ―方、強化ガラスは加熱後急激に冷やすので、ガラスの表面近くは圧縮された層となり、力が加わっても表面の傷が広がりにくく、割れにくい。

    Tempered glass, on the other hand, is cooled rapidly after heating, creating a compressed layer near the surface; therefore, even when force is applied, surface scratches are less likely to spread, making the glass harder to break.

  • にくいN42 times in this passage

    Attaches to a verb stem to say an action is hard to perform, 'difficult to ~ / hard to ~.'

    ―方、強化ガラスは加熱後急激に冷やすので、ガラスの表面近くは圧縮された層となり、力が加わっても表面の傷が広がりにくく、割れにくい。

    Tempered glass, on the other hand, is cooled rapidly after heating, creating a compressed layer near the surface; therefore, even when force is applied, surface scratches are less likely to spread, making the glass harder to break.

  • 〜たり〜たりN54 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    普通のガラスは、落としたり何か物がぶつかったりすると簡単に割れるが、車などに使われる強化ガラスはなかなか割れない。

    Ordinary glass breaks easily if it is dropped or struck by something, but tempered glass used in cars and similar applications does not break easily.

  • のでN52 times in this passage

    Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

    普通のガラスは、原料を加熱した後ゆっくり冷やすので、その過程で、表面に目に見えないたくさんの傷ができ、力を加えると傷が広がって割れる。

    Ordinary glass is cooled slowly after the raw material is heated, so during that process many invisible scratches form on its surface; when force is applied, the scratches spread and the glass breaks.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    （注4）層：上下に重なること、重なっているもの

    (Note 4) 層: things stacked one above another, or something formed in layers

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