• なるAs it appears here: なった
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• その
  • ·that; the
  • ·part (as in "part two")
  • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
  N5
• するAs it appears here: し
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 雑誌ざっし
  • ·magazine; journal; periodical
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 読むよむ
  • ·to read
  • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
  • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
  • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
  • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
  • ·to count; to estimate
  • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なって
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• 新聞しんぶん
  • ·newspaper
  N5
• 速いはやい
  • ·fast; quick; rapid; swift; speedy; brisk; prompt
  • ·early; soon; earlier than usual
  • ·premature; too soon; too early
  • ·easy; simple; quick; fast
  • ·as soon as ...; the moment ...; the instant ...
  N5
• お金おかね
  • ·money
  N5
• かかるAs it appears here: かからない
  • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
  • ·to hang
  • ·to come into view; to arrive
  • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
  • ·to start (engines, motors)
  • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
  • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
  • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
  • ·to (come) at
  • ·to be fastened
  • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
  • ·to be caught in
  • ·to get a call
  • ·to depend on
  • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: されて
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 万まん
  • ·10,000; ten thousand
  • ·myriad
  • ·everything; all
  • ·various
  N5
• ある
  • ·to be; to exist; to live
  • ·to have
  • ·to be located
  • ·to be equipped with
  • ·to happen; to come about
  • ·to exist (in a completed state); to be (something unchanged in its current state)
  N5
• 体からだ
  • ·body
  • ·torso; trunk
  • ·build; physique; frame; figure
  • ·health; constitution
  N5
• 映画えいが
  • ·movie; film; motion picture
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なったり
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できない
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• なる
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 会社かいしゃ
  • ·company; corporation; firm
  • ·one's workplace
  N5
• 本ほん
  • ·book; volume; script
  • ·this; present; current; ... in question; ... at issue
  • ·main; head; principal
  • ·real; genuine; regular; proper
  • ·counter for long, thin objects (sticks, tubes, strings, bottles, pillars, rivers, rail lines, etc.)
  • ·counter for films, TV shows, etc.
  • ·counter for telephone calls, letters, and emails
  • ·counter for goals, home runs, etc.
  • ·counter for rounds or points (in judo, kendo, etc.)
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: でき
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• つけるAs it appears here: つけて
  • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
  • ·to furnish (a house with)
  • ·to wear; to put on
  • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
  • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
  • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
  • ·to bring alongside
  • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
  • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
  • ·to load; to give (courage to)
  • ·to keep (an eye on)
  • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
  • ·to turn on (a light)
  • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
  • ·to attach; to play an attachment
  • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
  • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
  N5
• するAs it appears here: した
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• とても
  • ·very; awfully; exceedingly
  • ·(not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
  N5
• 買うかうAs it appears here: 買い
  • ·to buy; to purchase
  • ·to value (highly); to think highly of; to have a high opinion of; to appreciate; to recognize
  • ·to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers); to invite (e.g. scorn); to evoke; to arouse; to win (someone's favour)
  • ·to accept; to take on; to take up
  • ·to pay for (a prostitute, geisha, etc.)
  N5
• 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使って
  • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  • ·to use (language); to speak
  N5
• いるAs it appears here: いたり
  • ·to be (of animate objects); to exist
  • ·to stay
  • ·to be ...-ing
  • ·to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
  N5
• 読むよむAs it appears here: 読まれたり
  • ·to read
  • ·to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant
  • ·to predict; to guess; to forecast; to read (someone's thoughts); to see (e.g. into someone's heart); to divine
  • ·to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
  • ·to decipher; to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.); to tell (the time)
  • ·to count; to estimate
  • ·to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
  N5
• 億おく
  • ·hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
  N4
• わけ
  • ·reason; cause; grounds
  • ·meaning; sense
  • ·(good) sense; reason
  • ·circumstances; case
  • ·(romantic) relationship; love affair
  N4
• 迎えるむかえるAs it appears here: 迎えて
  • ·to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to greet; to salute; to hail
  • ·to call for; to summon; to invite
  • ·to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
  • ·to reach (a certain time, a point in one's life, etc.); to enter (a new phase, new era, etc.); to approach (e.g. death)
  N4
• ほとんど
  • ·almost; nearly; mostly; practically; virtually; basically; just about; all but
  • ·hardly; barely; scarcely; little
  • ·large majority; large proportion; greater part; most (of); almost all (of)
  N4
• 最近さいきん
  • ·recently; lately; these days; nowadays; right now
  • ·nearest; closest
  N4
• 小説しょうせつ
  • ·novel; story; (work of) fiction
  N4
• 集めるあつめるAs it appears here: 集めて
  • ·to collect; to assemble; to gather
  N4
• 残るのこる
  • ·to remain; to be left
  N4
• 似るにるAs it appears here: 似た
  • ·to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
  N4
• 値段ねだん
  • ·price; cost
  N4
• 販売はんばい
  • ·sale; sales; selling; marketing
  N3
• 金額きんがく
  • ·amount of money; sum
  N3
• 約やく
  • ·approximately; about
  • ·promise; appointment; engagement
  • ·shortening; reduction; simplification
  • ·contraction (in phonetics)
  N3
• 円えん
  • ·yen (currency of Japan)
  • ·circle
  N3
• 連続れんぞく
  • ·continuation; succession; series; sequence
  • ·continuous
  N3
• 害がい
  • ·injury; harm; evil influence; damage
  N3
• 影響えいきょう
  • ·influence; effect; impact
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 注目ちゅうもく
  • ·notice; attention; observation
  N3
• 人気にんき
  • ·popularity; public favor
  • ·condition (e.g. market); tone; character; nature
  N3
• 無視むし
  • ·disregarding; ignoring
  N3
• 上じょう
  • ·from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; with respect to; in terms of; as a matter of; in view of; so far as ... is concerned
  • ·on; above; on top of; aboard (a ship or vehicle)
  • ·the best; top; first class; first grade
  • ·first volume (of a two or three-volume set); first book
  • ·with my compliments
  N3
• 除くのぞく
  • ·to remove; to get rid of; to take away; to eliminate
  • ·to exclude; to except; to leave out; to omit
  • ·to kill (a traitor, opponent, etc.)
  N3
• 装置そうち
  • ·equipment; device; installation; apparatus
  • ·stage setting
  N3
• わずか
  • ·a little; a few; small; slight; trifling; meagre; meager; narrow (margin)
  • ·only; just; merely; no more than
  N3
• ただ
  • ·ordinary; common; usual
  • ·free of charge
  • ·unaffected; as is; safe
  • ·only; merely; just; simply
  • ·but; however; nevertheless
  N3
• 機能きのう
  • ·function; facility; faculty; feature
  N3
• 印刷いんさつ
  • ·printing
  N3
• 注ちゅう
  • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
  N3
• 推定すいてい
  • ·presumption; assumption
  • ·estimation
  N2
• 超えるこえるAs it appears here: 超えた
  • ·to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond; to go past
  • ·to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
  N2
• 書籍しょせき
  • ·book; publication
  N2
• 撮影さつえい
  • ·photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• わけだN3

  Presents a conclusion as the natural consequence of a stated reason — 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'so it means'.

  推定売上げが1兆円を超えたのが1976年、2兆円を超えたのが1989年だから、その約10年後から減少し始めているわけだ。

  Estimated sales exceeded 1 trillion yen in 1976 and 2 trillion yen in 1989, so the decline began roughly ten years after that.

• としてN3

  Marks the role, capacity, or status in which someone or something acts — "as (a doctor / a rule / etc.)".

  2010年はその契機として歴史上に残るかもしれない。

  The year 2010 may go down in history as a turning point in this development.

• だけでなくN3

  Correlative adding a further item beyond the one stated — 'not only ... (but also)'.

  ただ本を読むだけでなく新聞も読め、メールもでき、ネットから動画も下ろせる携帯電話に似た機能をつけてあるから、ビジネスマンにも受け入れられやすい。

  Since it has mobile-phone-like functions that allow users not only to read books but also newspapers, send email, and download videos from the Internet, it is likely to be readily accepted by businesspeople as well.

• よりN42 times in this passage

  Particle marking the standard in a comparison (also a starting point), "than / (more) than; from".

  2010年の出版物の推定販売金額は約1兆8700億円、前年より3.1%減少、1998年から連続のマイナス成長となった。

  Estimated sales of publications in 2010 were about 1.87 trillion yen, down 3.1% from the previous year, continuing the negative growth that had persisted since 1998.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  ニュースをコンピューターや携帯電話で読むようになってきた。

  People have increasingly come to read news on computers and mobile phones.

• 〜てくるN4

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  ニュースをコンピューターや携帯電話で読むようになってきた。

  People have increasingly come to read news on computers and mobile phones.

• ようだN4

  Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

  このような状況下で電気製品会社が多くの電子書籍が読める装置を売り出すのは当然だ。

  Under such circumstances, it is only natural that electronics companies would launch devices capable of reading large numbers of e-books.

• かもしれないN42 times in this passage

  Expresses possibility or conjecture — 'might', 'maybe', 'perhaps'.

  2010年はその契機として歴史上に残るかもしれない。

  The year 2010 may go down in history as a turning point in this development.

• やすいN42 times in this passage

  Attaches to a verb stem to mean the action is easy to do ('easy to ~').

  ただ本を読むだけでなく新聞も読め、メールもでき、ネットから動画も下ろせる携帯電話に似た機能をつけてあるから、ビジネスマンにも受け入れられやすい。

  Since it has mobile-phone-like functions that allow users not only to read books but also newspapers, send email, and download videos from the Internet, it is likely to be readily accepted by businesspeople as well.

• 〜ていくN4

  Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

  同じように世界中に広まっていくのは時間の問題かもしれない。

  It may only be a matter of time before they spread throughout the world in the same way.

• などN4

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  （注2）動脚：映画・アニメ・ビデオカメラなどで撮影した映像

  (Note 2) Video: moving images recorded as films, animation, with video cameras, and so on.

• 〜ているN56 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  推定売上げが1兆円を超えたのが1976年、2兆円を超えたのが1989年だから、その約10年後から減少し始めているわけだ。

  Estimated sales exceeded 1 trillion yen in 1976 and 2 trillion yen in 1989, so the decline began roughly ten years after that.

• 〜たり〜たりN53 times in this passage

  Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

  人気小説は体や映画になったりするので出版界も無視できない。

  Since popular novels may be published as books or adapted into films, the publishing industry cannot afford to ignore them.

• のでN5

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  人気小説は体や映画になったりするので出版界も無視できない。

  Since popular novels may be published as books or adapted into films, the publishing industry cannot afford to ignore them.

• 〜てあるN5

  Describes a state that persists because someone deliberately did something to bring it about — “has been done (and still is)”.

  ただ本を読むだけでなく新聞も読め、メールもでき、ネットから動画も下ろせる携帯電話に似た機能をつけてあるから、ビジネスマンにも受け入れられやすい。

  Since it has mobile-phone-like functions that allow users not only to read books but also newspapers, send email, and download videos from the Internet, it is likely to be readily accepted by businesspeople as well.

• とてもN5

  Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

  アメリカでは電子書籍は印刷した本の3分の1ぐらいの値段だから、とても買いやすいそうだ。

  In the United States, e-books are reportedly priced at about one-third the cost of printed books, making them very affordable.