• 水みず
  • ·water (esp. cool or cold)
  • ·fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid
  • ·flood; floodwaters
  • ·water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
  • ·break granted to wrestlers engaged in a prolonged bout
  N5
• どれ
  • ·which (of three or more)
  • ·well; now; c'mon
  N5
• とっても
  • ·very; awfully; exceedingly
  • ·(not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
  N5
• しかし
  • ·however; but
  N5
• どう
  • ·how; in what way; how about
  N5
• 出すだすAs it appears here: 出したら
  • ·to take out; to get out
  • ·to put out; to reveal; to show
  • ·to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in
  • ·to publish; to make public
  • ·to send (e.g. letter)
  • ·to produce (a sound); to start (fire)
  • ·to serve (food)
  • ·... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)
  • ·to begin ...; to start to ...; to burst into ...
  N5
• 売るうる
  • ·to sell
  • ·to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.)
  • ·to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself
  • ·to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.); to provoke; to force on someone
  N5
• するAs it appears here: しました
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 野菜やさい
  • ·vegetable
  • ·marijuana; cannabis
  N5
• 作れるつくれる
  • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
  • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
  • ·to till
  • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  • ·to have (a child)
  • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
  • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  • ·to form (a line, etc.)
  • ·to set (a record)
  • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
  N5
• 年とし
  • ·year
  • ·age; years
  • ·past one's prime; old age
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できます
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• また
  • ·again; once more; once again; another time; some other time
  • ·also; too; as well; likewise
  • ·on the other hand; while
  • ·and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore
  • ·or; otherwise
  • ·really; how; (what, why) on earth
  • ·some time (in the future)
  • ·indirect
  N5
• 作るつくるAs it appears here: 作られた
  • ·to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct
  • ·to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
  • ·to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train
  • ·to till
  • ·to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
  • ·to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
  • ·to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
  • ·to have (a child)
  • ·to make up (one's face, etc.)
  • ·to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
  • ·to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
  • ·to form (a line, etc.)
  • ·to set (a record)
  • ·to commit (a sin, etc.)
  N5
• 少しすこし
  • ·a little; a bit; a small amount; a few; some; slightly; somewhat
  • ·a little while; a short time; a moment; a minute
  • ·a little way; a short distance
  N5
• 高いたかいAs it appears here: 高くて
  • ·high; tall
  • ·expensive; high-priced
  • ·high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
  • ·loud
  • ·high-pitched; shrill
  N5
• 洗うあらう
  • ·to wash; to cleanse; to rinse
  • ·to inquire into; to investigate
  • ·to purify (one's heart)
  • ·to lave (e.g. shore); to wash over (e.g. deck); to sweep
  N5
• 寒いさむい
  • ·cold (e.g. weather)
  • ·uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull; weak; corny
  N5
• 遠いとおい
  • ·far; distant; far away; a long way off; in the distance
  • ·distant (past); remote (in time); remote; far-removed (in time)
  • ·distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone)
  • ·far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.); not similar; way off
  • ·hard (of hearing)
  • ·nearsighted
  N5
• 暖かいあたたかい
  • ·warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot
  • ·considerate; kind; genial
  • ·warm (of a colour); mellow
  • ·having enough money
  N5
• かかるAs it appears here: かかります
  • ·to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
  • ·to hang
  • ·to come into view; to arrive
  • ·to come under (a contract, a tax)
  • ·to start (engines, motors)
  • ·to attend; to deal with; to handle
  • ·to have started to; to be on the verge of
  • ·to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover
  • ·to (come) at
  • ·to be fastened
  • ·to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.)
  • ·to be caught in
  • ·to get a call
  • ·to depend on
  • ·to begin (a task); to set about (doing); to get down to
  N5
• 安いやすい
  • ·cheap; inexpensive
  • ·calm; peaceful; quiet
  N5
• できる
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• なるAs it appears here: なりました
  • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
  • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
  • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
  • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
  • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
  • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
  • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
  • ·to play (the part of); to act as
  • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
  • ·to be promoted
  • ·to do ...
  N5
• この
  • ·this
  • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
  • ·you (as in "you liar")
  N5
• 国くに
  • ·country; state
  • ·region
  • ·national government; central government
  • ·home (i.e. hometown, home country)
  • ·province (of Japan)
  • ·land; earth
  N5
• 売るうるAs it appears here: 売ろう
  • ·to sell
  • ·to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.)
  • ·to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself
  • ·to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.); to provoke; to force on someone
  N5
• するAs it appears here: して
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• 電気でんき
  • ·electricity
  • ·(electric) light
  N5
• 来るくるAs it appears here: 来ない
  • ·to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive
  • ·to come back; to do ... and come back
  • ·to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue
  • ·to come from; to be caused by; to derive from
  • ·to come to (e.g. "when it comes to spinach ...")
  N5
• 上うえ
  • ·above; over; up
  • ·top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase)
  • ·surface; on (top of)
  • ·the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part
  • ·superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class)
  • ·elder; older; senior
  • ·with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk)
  • ·besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ...
  • ·after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ...
  • ·since ...; now that ...; because ...
  • ·honorable; venerable; dear
  • ·emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
  N5
• 少ないすくないAs it appears here: 少なくて
  • ·few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient; seldom; rare
  N5
• 使うつかうAs it appears here: 使いました
  • ·to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  • ·to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  • ·to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  • ·to use (language); to speak
  N5
• できるAs it appears here: できた
  • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
  • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
  • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
  • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
  • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
  • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
  • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
  • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
  • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
  • ·to get pregnant
  N5
• する
  • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
  • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
  • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
  • ·to decide on; to choose
  • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
  • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  • ·to be worth; to cost
  • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
  • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
  • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
  • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
  • ·to feel A about B
  • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
  • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
  N5
• つけるAs it appears here: つけました
  • ·to attach; to join; to connect; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); to put against
  • ·to furnish (a house with)
  • ·to wear; to put on
  • ·to keep a diary; to make an entry
  • ·to appraise; to set (a price)
  • ·to allot; to budget; to assign
  • ·to bring alongside
  • ·to place (under guard or doctor)
  • ·to follow (someone); to shadow; to tail; to stalk
  • ·to load; to give (courage to)
  • ·to keep (an eye on)
  • ·to establish (relations or understanding)
  • ·to turn on (a light)
  • ·to produce flowers (of a plant); to produce fruit
  • ·to attach; to play an attachment
  • ·to do intensely; to do fiercely; to do strongly
  • ·to be used to (doing); to be accustomed to
  N5
• 箱はこ
  • ·box; case; chest; package; pack; crate
  • ·car (of a train, etc.)
  • ·shamisen case; shamisen
  • ·public building; community building
  • ·man who carries a geisha's shamisen
  • ·receptacle for human waste; feces (faeces)
  • ·counter for boxes (or boxed objects)
  N5
• 入れるいれるAs it appears here: 入れて
  • ·to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in; to insert; to install (e.g. software); to set (a jewel, etc.); to ink in (e.g. tattoo)
  • ·to admit; to accept; to employ; to hire
  • ·to accept; to comply; to grant; to adopt (a policy, etc.); to take (advice, etc.); to listen to; to pay attention to
  • ·to include
  • ·to pay (one's rent, etc.)
  • ·to cast (a vote)
  • ·to make (tea, coffee, etc.)
  • ·to turn on (a switch, etc.)
  • ·to send (a fax); to call
  N5
• 世界せかい
  • ·the world; society; the universe
  • ·sphere; circle; world
  • ·world-renowned; world-famous
  • ·realm governed by one Buddha; space
  N4
• 競争きょうそう
  • ·competition; contest; rivalry; race
  • ·competition (between organisms or species)
  N4
• 技術ぎじゅつ
  • ·technology; engineering
  • ·technique; skill
  • ·art; craft
  N4
• 集めるあつめるAs it appears here: 集めた
  • ·to collect; to assemble; to gather
  N4
• 動くうごくAs it appears here: 動いて
  • ·to move; to stir; to shift; to shake; to swing
  • ·to operate; to run; to go; to work
  • ·to make a move; to take action; to act; to go into action
  • ·to be touched; to be influenced
  • ·to change; to vary; to fluctuate; to waver
  • ·to be transferred
  N4
• 工場こうじょう
  • ·factory; plant; mill; workshop
  N4
• 必要ひつよう
  • ·necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
  • ·necessity; need; requirement
  N4
• 喜ぶよろこぶAs it appears here: 喜ばれて
  • ·to be delighted; to be glad; to be pleased; to rejoice
  • ·to congratulate
  • ·to welcome (a proposal, advice, etc.); to take kindly to
  • ·to do with pleasure; to do gladly; to be happy (to do)
  N4
• 運ぶはこぶAs it appears here: 運ばれて
  • ·to carry; to transport; to move; to convey
  • ·to come; to go
  • ·to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
  • ·to carry out; to proceed with; to arrange
  • ·to go (well, etc.); to proceed; to progress
  N4
• 十分じゅうぶん
  • ·enough; sufficient; plenty; adequate; satisfactory
  • ·sufficiently; fully; thoroughly; well; perfectly
  • ·division into ten
  N4
• 場所ばしょ
  • ·place; location; spot; position; area
  • ·room; space
  • ·sumo tournament
  N4
• 光ひかり
  • ·light
  • ·illumination; ray; beam; gleam; glow
  • ·happiness; hope
  • ·influence; power
  • ·vision; eyesight
  • ·optical fiber; optical fibre
  N4
• 済むすむ
  • ·to finish; to end; to be completed; to be resolved
  • ·to have a result less severe than expected
  • ·to feel at ease
  • ·to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
  N4
• ため
  • ·good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  • ·sake; purpose; objective; aim
  • ·consequence; result; effect
  • ·affecting; regarding; concerning
  N4
• 始めるはじめるAs it appears here: 始めて
  • ·to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
  • ·to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish
  • ·to start ...; to begin to ...
  N4
• 気き
  • ·spirit; mind; heart
  • ·nature; disposition
  • ·intention; mind; will; motivation
  • ·mood; feelings
  • ·consciousness
  • ·care; attention; consideration; worry
  • ·interest
  • ·(the) air; atmosphere
  • ·ambience; atmosphere (of); air (of); mood
  • ·fragrance; aroma; flavour; taste
  • ·qi (in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine); chi; ki
  N4
• 現在げんざい
  • ·the present; present time; now
  • ·as of
  • ·present tense
  • ·this world; this life
  • ·to actually exist; to exist right now; to exist right in front of one
  N3
• 販売はんばい
  • ·sale; sales; selling; marketing
  N3
• 起こるおこるAs it appears here: 起こって
  • ·to occur; to happen
  N3
• 常につねに
  • ·always; constantly; at all times; habitually
  N3
• 企業きぎょう
  • ·enterprise; business; company; corporation
  N3
• 利益りえき
  • ·profit; gains
  • ·benefit; advantage; good; interests (e.g. of society)
  • ·grace (of God, Buddha, etc., esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing; miracle
  N3
• 悩むなやむAs it appears here: 悩んで
  • ·to be worried; to be troubled
  N3
• そこで
  • ·so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
  N3
• こと
  • ·thing; matter
  • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  • ·work; business; affair
  • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
  • ·nominalizing suffix
  • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
  • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
  • ·necessity; need
  • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
  N3
• 畑はたけ
  • ·field (for growing wheat, fruit, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; vegetable plot; kitchen garden; plantation
  • ·field (of specialization); sphere; area; line
  • ·womb; birth; birthplace
  N3
• 回かい
  • ·counter for occurrences
  • ·a time; an instance
  • ·inning (baseball); round; game
  • ·episode; chapter; instalment
  • ·Hui (people)
  • ·Islam
  N3
• 月つき
  • ·Moon
  • ·month
  • ·moonlight
  • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
  N3
• 収穫しゅうかく
  • ·harvest; crop; ingathering
  • ·fruits (of one's labors); gain; result; returns
  • ·catch (fishing); bag (hunting); haul
  N3
• 無む
  • ·nothing; naught; nought; nil; zero
  • ·un-; non-
  N3
• 売れるうれるAs it appears here: 売れて
  • ·to sell (well)
  • ·to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
  N3
• よう
  • ·appearing ...; looking ...
  • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
  • ·form; style; design
  • ·like; similar to
  • ·thing (thought or spoken)
  N3
• 地域ちいき
  • ·area; region; district; locality
  N3
• 地方ちほう
  • ·district; region; area; locality
  • ·the country; countryside; the provinces; rural area
  • ·civilian society
  N3
• 価格かかく
  • ·price; value; cost
  N3
• 砂漠さばく
  • ·desert
  N3
• 太陽たいよう
  • ·Sun
  N3
• 保存ほぞん
  • ·preservation; conservation; storage; maintenance
  • ·save (to storage)
  N3
• さらに
  • ·furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
  N3
• 消費しょうひ
  • ·consumption; expenditure; spending
  N3
• 装置そうち
  • ·equipment; device; installation; apparatus
  • ·stage setting
  N3
• 輸出ゆしゅつ
  • ·export; exportation
  • ·efferent
  N3
• 成功せいこう
  • ·success; achievement
  • ·succeeding (in life); (worldly) success; prosperity
  N3
• 一流いちりゅう
  • ·first-class; first-rate; top-flight; top-ranking; leading; eminent; top
  • ·characteristic (of); peculiar (to); unique (to)
  • ·school (e.g. of flower arrangement)
  • ·one flag; one banner; one streamer
  N2
• 勝負しょうぶ
  • ·victory or defeat
  • ·match; contest; game; bout; showdown
  N2
• 電球でんきゅう
  • ·light bulb
  N2
• 循環じゅんかん
  • ·circulation; rotation; cycle; loop
  N2

Example sentences are translated by AI.

• さらにN2

  Adds a further point or a greater degree — 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'even more'.

  またできた電気を保存するためにリチウム電池を、さらに水の消費を抑えるために循環装置をつけました。

  Lithium batteries were also installed to store the generated electricity, together with a circulation system to reduce water consumption.

• といい／たらいいN3

  Expresses a hope or gentle suggestion — "it'd be good if", "you should", "I hope ~".

  しかし常に価格競争に巻き込まれて企業はどう利益を出したらいいのか悩んでいます。

  However, companies are constantly caught up in price competition and are struggling with how to make a profit.

• ようとするN3

  Describes attempting to do something or being on the verge of doing it — 'try to…', 'be about to…'.

  この野菜工場のシステムを砂漠や寒い国に売ろうとしています。

  They are trying to sell this vegetable-factory system to deserts and cold countries.

• 代わりに（かわりに）N3

  Expresses doing one thing in place of, or in exchange for, another, 'instead of / in return for'.

  電気が来ない場所でも使えるように上に太陽電池パネルを取り付け、太陽の光の代わりに消費電力が少なくても済むLED電球を使いました。

  To make the system usable even in places without an electricity supply, solar panels were installed on top, and low-power LED bulbs were used in place of sunlight.

• ためにN32 times in this passage

  marks a purpose ('in order to') or a cause ('because of / owing to').

  またできた電気を保存するためにリチウム電池を、さらに水の消費を抑えるために循環装置をつけました。

  Lithium batteries were also installed to store the generated electricity, together with a circulation system to reduce water consumption.

• などN42 times in this passage

  Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

  現在世界では太陽光発電、LED、リチウム電池、水の浄化装置などの開発及び販売競争が起こっています。

  Around the world today, competition is taking place in the development and sale of technologies such as solar power generation, LEDs, lithium batteries, and water purification systems.

• ことにするN4

  Expresses a decision the speaker makes by their own volition; 'decide to (do).'

  そこでこれらの技術をパラバラに売るのではなく、技術を集めた野菜工場を売り出すことにしました。

  So instead of selling these technologies separately, they decided to market vegetable factories that bring the technologies together.

• てもN42 times in this passage

  Concessive — 'even if / even though …'; the main clause holds regardless of the te-clause.

  また工場で作られた野菜は無艘薬なので少し高くてもどんどん売れています。

  Furthermore, vegetables grown in factories are pesticide-free, so they sell very well even though they are somewhat expensive.

• ように / ようなN4

  Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

  北海道のような寒い地域では工場で作られた野菜が大活躍です。

  In cold regions such as Hokkaidou, factory-grown vegetables are particularly useful.

• 〜てくるN42 times in this passage

  Verb te-form plus 来る, marking motion toward the speaker or the gradual onset of a state — 'come to do' / 'start to / become'.

  遠い暖かい地方から運ばれてくる野菜は運送費がかかりますが、現地で作られた野菜は輸送費が安いので価格でも十分に勝負できるようになりました。

  Vegetables transported from distant warm regions incur shipping costs, whereas vegetables produced locally have low transportation costs, so they can now compete effectively on price as well.

• ようになるN4

  Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

  遠い暖かい地方から運ばれてくる野菜は運送費がかかりますが、現地で作られた野菜は輸送費が安いので価格でも十分に勝負できるようになりました。

  Vegetables transported from distant warm regions incur shipping costs, whereas vegetables produced locally have low transportation costs, so they can now compete effectively on price as well.

• がするN4

  With a perception noun (sound, smell, taste, feeling), expresses that such a sensation occurs — 'there is a smell/sound', 'I sense that'.

  成功する気がしてきました。

  They are beginning to feel that it will succeed.

• 〜ているN54 times in this passage

  Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

  現在世界では太陽光発電、LED、リチウム電池、水の浄化装置などの開発及び販売競争が起こっています。

  Around the world today, competition is taking place in the development and sale of technologies such as solar power generation, LEDs, lithium batteries, and water purification systems.

• とてもN5

  Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

  日本の技術はどれをとっても一流です。

  Japanese technology is first-rate in every one of these areas.

• だ / ですN55 times in this passage

  The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

  日本の技術はどれをとっても一流です。

  Japanese technology is first-rate in every one of these areas.

• しかしN5

  Contrastive conjunction joining two sentences, 'however / but'.

  しかし常に価格競争に巻き込まれて企業はどう利益を出したらいいのか悩んでいます。

  However, companies are constantly caught up in price competition and are struggling with how to make a profit.

• のでN54 times in this passage

  Gives a reason or cause with a soft, objective/polite nuance — 'because / since'.

  そこでこれらの技術をパラバラに売るのではなく、技術を集めた野菜工場を売り出すことにしました。

  So instead of selling these technologies separately, they decided to market vegetable factories that bring the technologies together.