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N3 · IntermediateLong passagePassage #280
2

2015年ねん6月つき15日にち

山やま田だ太た郎ろう様さま

お久ひさしぶりです。お元げん気きでいらっしゃることと思おもいます。

この一週間いっしゅうかん、田た植うえでお忙いそがしい時ときにもかかわらず、家か族ぞくのようにおつきあいくださり、毎まい日にち大たい変へんお世せ話わになりまして、ありがとうございました。

生うまれてはじめて田た植うえの経けい験けんをし、とてもいい思おもい出でができました。日本にっぽんの農のう業ぎょうについていろいろ考かんがえていただき、①__________、卒そつ業ぎょう論ろん文ぶんのテーマを決きめることができました。その上うえ、毎まい日にちの皆みな様さまと会かい話わで、日本語にほんごについて少すこし自じ信しんがもてるようになりました。本ほん当とうにありがとうございました。

今日きょうから授じゅ業ぎょうが始はじまり、一週間いっしゅうかんぶりに友ゆう人じんたちと会あい、ゴールデンウィーク（注1）の話はなしをしました。もちろん私わたしは、山やま田だ様さまのお宅たくでホームステイ（注2）させていただいたこと、ご家か族ぞくの皆みな様さまと田た植うえをしたこと、孫まごの一いち郎ろうちゃんの成せい長ちょうを祈いのる鯉こいのぼり（注3）を見みながらかしわ餅もち（注4）を食たべたことなど、楽たのしかった生せい活かつを友ゆう人じんたちに話はなしました。国くにに帰かえっていた後こう輩はいは私わたしの話はなしを聞きいてとても②__________、来らい年ねんは必かならずホームステイ希き望ぼうの手て続つづきをすると言いっていました。

これから、山やま田だ様さまのお宅たくで過すごした一週間いっしゅうかんの経けい験けんを役やく立だたせて、卒そつ業ぎょう論ろん文ぶんの完かん成せいをめざします。

田た植うえのあとで少すこしお疲つかれのことと思おもいます。くれぐれもお体からだを大たい切せつになさってください。

ご家か族ぞくの皆みなさんと一緒いっしょにとった記き念ねん写しゃ真しんをお送おくりします。

タムホーン


（注ちゅう1）ゴールデンウィーク：4月つきの終おわりから5月つきの初はじめにかけての長ながい休やすみ

（注ちゅう2）ホームステイ：留りゅう学がく生せいなどが、普ふ通つうの家か族ぞくに泊とめてもらうこと

（注ちゅう3）鯉こいのぼり：「子こどもの日ひ（5月つき5日にち）」に立たててかざるもの

（注ちゅう4）かしわ餅もち：「子こどもの日ひ」に食たべるお菓か子し

Questions

0/4 answered
  1. 1この文は誰が誰に送った手紙か。
  2. 2①に入る表現はどれか。
  3. 3この手紙の内容と違うのはどれか。
  4. 4②に入る表現はどれか。

Study this passage

Vocabulary21 words
  • 月つき
    • ·Moon
    • ·month
    • ·moonlight
    • ·(a) moon; natural satellite
    N3
  • 日にち
    • ·Sunday
    • ·nth day (of the month)
    • ·counter for days
    • ·Japan
    N3
  • お
    • ·honorific/polite/humble prefix
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • つきあい
    • ·association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
    N3
  • くだ
    • ·pipe; tube
    • ·bobbin (in a shuttle or spinning wheel)
    N3
  • さるAs it appears here: さり
    • ·to leave; to go away
    • ·to pass; to elapse
    • ·to be distant
    • ·to send away; to drive off; to divorce
    • ·to (do) completely
    • ·last ... (e.g. "last April")
    N3
  • 経験けいけん
    • ·experience
    N3
  • 思い出おもいで
    • ·memories; recollections; reminiscence
    N3
  • 農業のうぎょう
    • ·agriculture; farming
    N3
  • 友人ゆうじん
    • ·friend
    N3
  • もちろん
    • ·of course; certainly; naturally
    N3
  • 宅たく
    • ·house; home
    • ·one's house; one's home
    • ·one's husband
    N3
  • 孫まご
    • ·grandchild
    N3
  • 成長せいちょう
    • ·growth; development; growing up; becoming an adult
    • ·growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
    N3
  • 希望きぼう
    • ·hope; wish; aspiration
    • ·(bright) prospects; expectation
    N3
  • 過ごすすごすAs it appears here: 過ごした
    • ·to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
    • ·to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to carry too far; to carry to excess
    • ·to take care of; to support
    • ·to overdo; to do too much
    • ·to ... without acting on it; to ... without getting involved
    N3
  • 完成かんせい
    • ·completion; perfection; accomplishment
    N3
  • 疲れつかれ
    • ·tiredness; fatigue
    N3
  • 注ちゅう
    • ·annotation; explanatory note; comment
    N3
Other levels70 words
  • 元気げんき
    • ·lively; full of spirit; energetic; vigorous; vital; spirited
    • ·healthy; well; fit; in good health
    N5
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • 家族かぞく
    • ·family
    N5
  • 毎日まいにち
    • ·every day; daily
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なりまして
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 生まれるうまれるAs it appears here: 生まれて
    • ·to be born
    N5
  • はじめて
    • ·for the first time
    • ·only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; not until ... do you ...
    • ·first time; (one's) first
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: し
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • とても
    • ·very; awfully; exceedingly
    • ·(not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
    N5
  • できるAs it appears here: できました
    • ·to be able to do; to be possible; to be permitted (to do)
    • ·to be good at; to do well; to be proficient (in); to be capable
    • ·to come into existence; to form; to appear; to come up (of a matter); to be born; to make (a friend); to get (a girlfriend, free time, etc.)
    • ·to be made; to be built; to be constructed; to be formed; to be established; to be set up
    • ·to be finished; to be completed; to be done; to be ready
    • ·to grow (of a crop); to be produced
    • ·to be mature and well-balanced; to be of fine character
    • ·to be by nature; to be born ...
    • ·to become (sexually) involved (with); to become intimate (with); to take up (with someone)
    • ·to get pregnant
    N5
  • いろいろ
    • ·various; a variety of; all sorts of; many (different)
    • ·variously; in various ways; in many ways
    • ·various things; this and that
    N5
  • その
    • ·that; the
    • ·part (as in "part two")
    • ·um ...; er ...; uh ...
    N5
  • 上うえ
    • ·above; over; up
    • ·top; summit; upper part; head (e.g. of a staircase)
    • ·surface; on (top of)
    • ·the above (in a piece of writing); earlier part
    • ·superior; better; higher (position, rank, etc.); upper (class)
    • ·elder; older; senior
    • ·with respect to ...; in terms of; as far as ... is concerned; when (e.g. drunk)
    • ·besides ...; in addition to ...; on top of ...; as well as ...
    • ·after ...; upon ...; on ...; with (e.g. full awareness); as a result of ...
    • ·since ...; now that ...; because ...
    • ·honorable; venerable; dear
    • ·emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
    N5
  • 少しすこし
    • ·a little; a bit; a small amount; a few; some; slightly; somewhat
    • ·a little while; a short time; a moment; a minute
    • ·a little way; a short distance
    N5
  • なるAs it appears here: なりました
    • ·to become; to get; to grow; to turn; to reach; to attain
    • ·to result in; to turn out; to end up; to prove (to be)
    • ·to consist of; to be composed of; to be made up of
    • ·to be completed; to be realized; to succeed; to be attained; to be accomplished
    • ·to change (into); to turn (into); to transform
    • ·to come (to do); to begin (to do); to grow (to do)
    • ·to come to; to amount to; to add up to; to make
    • ·to play (the part of); to act as
    • ·to be used for; to be useful for; to serve as
    • ·to be promoted
    • ·to do ...
    N5
  • 今日きょう
    • ·today; this day
    • ·these days; recently; nowadays
    N5
  • 授業じゅぎょう
    • ·lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
    N5
  • 始まるはじまるAs it appears here: 始まり
    • ·to begin; to start; to commence
    • ·to happen (again); to begin (anew)
    • ·to date (from); to originate (in)
    N5
  • 会うあうAs it appears here: 会い
    • ·to meet; to encounter; to see
    • ·to have an accident; to have a bad experience
    N5
  • 話はなし
    • ·talk; speech; chat; conversation
    • ·topic; subject
    • ·discussions; negotiation; argument
    • ·rumor; talk; hearsay
    • ·tale; story; fable
    • ·circumstances; particulars
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: しました
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 私わたし
    • ·I; me
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: させて
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: した
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 見るみるAs it appears here: 見
    • ·to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
    • ·to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge
    • ·to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on
    • ·to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)
    • ·to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try
    • ·to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...
    N5
  • 食べるたべるAs it appears here: 食べた
    • ·to eat
    • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
    N5
  • 楽しいたのしいAs it appears here: 楽しかった
    • ·enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
    N5
  • 話すはなすAs it appears here: 話しました
    • ·to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
    • ·to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
    • ·to speak (a language)
    N5
  • 国くに
    • ·country; state
    • ·region
    • ·national government; central government
    • ·home (i.e. hometown, home country)
    • ·province (of Japan)
    • ·land; earth
    N5
  • 帰るかえるAs it appears here: 帰って
    • ·to return; to come home; to go home; to go back
    • ·to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.)
    • ·to get home; to get to home plate
    N5
  • 聞くきくAs it appears here: 聞いて
    • ·to hear
    • ·to listen (e.g. to music)
    • ·to ask; to enquire; to query
    • ·to hear about; to hear of; to learn of
    • ·to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with
    • ·to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to
    • ·to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)
    • ·to taste (alcohol); to try
    N5
  • 来年らいねん
    • ·next year
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 言ういうAs it appears here: 言って
    • ·to say; to utter; to declare
    • ·to name; to call
    • ·to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
    N5
  • あと
    • ·behind; rear
    • ·after; later
    • ·remainder; the rest
    • ·more (e.g. five more minutes); left
    • ·also; in addition
    • ·descendant; successor; heir
    • ·after one's death
    • ·past; previous
    N5
  • 体からだ
    • ·body
    • ·torso; trunk
    • ·build; physique; frame; figure
    • ·health; constitution
    N5
  • 皆さんみなさん
    • ·all; everyone; everybody
    N5
  • するAs it appears here: します
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • 初めはじめ
    • ·beginning; start; outset; opening
    • ·first (in line, etc.)
    • ·origin
    • ·such as ...; not to mention ...
    N5
  • 長いながい
    • ·long (distance, length)
    • ·long (time); protracted; prolonged
    N5
  • 休みやすみ
    • ·rest; recess; respite
    • ·vacation; holiday; absence; suspension
    • ·dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
    N5
  • 留学生りゅうがくせい
    • ·overseas student; exchange student
    N5
  • もの
    • ·thing; object; article; stuff; substance
    • ·one's things; possessions; property; belongings
    • ·things; something; anything; everything; nothing
    • ·quality
    • ·reason; the way of things
    • ·used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen
    • ·item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
    • ·cause of ...; cause for ...
    • ·somehow; somewhat; for some reason
    • ·really; truly
    N5
  • 食べるたべる
    • ·to eat
    • ·to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
    N5
  • お菓子おかし
    • ·confections; sweets; candy; cake
    N5
  • 久しぶりひさしぶり
    • ·a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
    • ·it's been a long time; long time no see
    N4
  • 思うおもうAs it appears here: 思います
    • ·to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon
    • ·to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
    • ·to judge; to assess; to regard
    • ·to imagine; to suppose; to dream
    • ·to expect; to look forward to
    • ·to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
    • ·to care (deeply) for; to yearn for; to worry about; to love
    • ·to recall; to remember
    N4
  • 考えるかんがえるAs it appears here: 考えて
    • ·to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to reflect (on); to meditate (on)
    • ·to consider; to bear in mind; to allow for; to take into consideration
    • ·to think (that); to believe; to hold (a view); to judge; to conclude; to suspect
    • ·to intend (to do); to think of (doing); to plan
    • ·to predict; to anticipate; to expect; to imagine
    • ·to come up with; to think up; to contrive; to devise
    • ·to consider (as); to regard (as); to look on (as); to take; to view
    N4
  • 決めるきめる
    • ·to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
    • ·to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
    • ·to persist in doing; to go through with
    • ·to always do; to have made a habit of
    • ·to take for granted; to assume
    • ·to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
    • ·to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
    • ·to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.)
    • ·to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs
    N4
  • 会話かいわ
    • ·conversation; talk; chat
    N4
  • 祈るいのる
    • ·to pray; to say a prayer; to say grace
    • ·to wish; to hope
    N4
  • 生活せいかつ
    • ·life; living
    • ·livelihood; (one's) living
    N4
  • 必ずかならず
    • ·always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively; invariably
    N4
  • これから
    • ·from now on; after this; in the future; in future
    • ·from here; from this point
    N4
  • なさるAs it appears here: なさって
    • ·to do
    N4
  • 普通ふつう
    • ·normal; ordinary; regular; usual; common; average
    • ·normally; ordinarily; usually; generally; commonly
    • ·local train; train that stops at every station
    N4
  • 立てるたてるAs it appears here: 立てて
    • ·to stand up; to put up; to set up; to erect; to raise
    • ·to thrust into; to bury into; to dig into
    • ·to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.); to cause
    • ·to make; to establish; to set up; to develop; to formulate
    • ·to put up (a political candidate); to make (one's leader)
    • ·to treat with respect; to give (someone) their due; to make (someone) look good; to avoid embarrassing (someone)
    • ·to sharpen; to make clear
    • ·to shut; to close
    • ·to make tea (matcha); to perform the tea ceremony
    • ·to divide by
    • ·to do ... vigorously
    N4
  • かざる
    • ·to decorate; to ornament; to adorn
    • ·to display; to exhibit; to put on show; to arrange
    • ·to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page); to grace (e.g. the cover)
    • ·to affect (a manner); to keep up (appearances); to embellish; to dress up; to be showy; to be pretentious
    N4
  • 田植えたうえ
    • ·rice planting
    N2
  • 餅もち
    • ·mochi; (expl.) small rice cake made from glutinous rice
    N2
  • 後輩こうはい
    • ·junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
    N2
  • 手続きてつづき
    • ·procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
    N2
  • めざすAs it appears here: めざします
    • ·to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on
    • ·to go toward; to head for
    N2
  • くれぐれも
    • ·sincerely; earnestly; wholeheartedly
    • ·repeatedly; over and over; again and again
    N2
  • 泊めるとめるAs it appears here: 泊めて
    • ·to give shelter to; to lodge; to put up; to accommodate
    N2
  • 自信じしん
    • ·self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
    N1
  • もてる
    • ·to be able to possess (hold, get, etc.)
    • ·to be well liked; to be popular; to be pampered (spoiled, doted upon, etc.); to be welcomed
    • ·to endure (the tests of time, the elements, etc.); to last
    • ·possessed; held
    • ·rich; wealthy; affluent
    N1
  • ご
    • ·honorific/polite/humble prefix
    • ·honorific suffix
    N1
  • 役立つやくだつAs it appears here: 役立たせて
    • ·to be useful; to be helpful; to serve the purpose
    N1
  • 終わるおわるAs it appears here: 終わり
    • ·to end; to come to an end; to finish; to close; to be over
    • ·to finish; to complete; to conclude
    • ·to finish doing
    • ·to be past its (one's) prime
    • ·to be awful; to be terrible; to suck; to be hopeless
    N1
Grammar4 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • 〜てはじめてN3

    'only after ~ / not until ~' — something is realized or happens only once the prior action is completed.

    生まれてはじめて田植えの経験をし、とてもいい思い出ができました。

    Experiencing rice planting for the first time in my life gave me a wonderful memory.

  • についてN32 times in this passage

    Marks the topic an action or statement is directed at; 'about', 'concerning', 'regarding'.

    日本の農業についていろいろ考えていただき、①__________、卒業論文のテーマを決めることができました。

    Having been given the opportunity to think about various aspects of Japanese agriculture, ①_______, I was able to decide on the topic of my graduation thesis.

  • というN3

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    国に帰っていた後輩は私の話を聞いてとても②__________、来年は必ずホームステイ希望の手続きをすると言っていました。

    A junior student who had gone back to their home country became very ②_______ after hearing my story and said that next year they would definitely apply for a homestay.

  • から〜にかけてN3

    Marks an approximate span stretching from one point to another across time or space, 'from ~ to (around) ~'.

    （注1）ゴールデンウィーク：4月の終わりから5月の初めにかけての長い休み

    (Note 1) Golden Week: a long holiday period from the end of April to the beginning of May

Other levels18 patterns
  • にも関わらずN2

    the outcome runs counter to what the preceding fact would lead you to expect — 'despite; even though; in spite of'.

    この一週間、田植えでお忙しい時にもかかわらず、家族のようにおつきあいくださり、毎日大変お世話になりまして、ありがとうございました。

    During this past week, even though you were very busy planting rice, you treated me like a member of the family and took wonderful care of me every day. Thank you very much.

  • その上N2

    Additive conjunction stacking one more point on top of the last — 'in addition, on top of that'.

    その上、毎日の皆様と会話で、日本語について少し自信がもてるようになりました。

    In addition, through my daily conversations with everyone, I have begun to feel a little more confident about my Japanese.

  • 〜ぶりにN2

    Attached to a time span, marks the first recurrence after that gap — 'for the first time in / after (an interval of)'.

    今日から授業が始まり、一週間ぶりに友人たちと会い、ゴールデンウィークの話をしました。

    Classes started again today, and after seeing my friends for the first time in a week, we talked about Golden Week.

  • いらっしゃるN4

    Respectful (sonkeigo) verb replacing いる/来る/行く when honoring the subject — 'to be / come / go (honorific)'.

    お元気でいらっしゃることと思います。

    I hope you are all doing well.

  • と思う（とおもう）N42 times in this passage

    Quotative plus 'think', stating the speaker's opinion or guess — 'I think that'.

    お元気でいらっしゃることと思います。

    I hope you are all doing well.

  • ように / ようなN4

    Likens or exemplifies one thing by another, "like / as / similar to (a)".

    この一週間、田植えでお忙しい時にもかかわらず、家族のようにおつきあいくださり、毎日大変お世話になりまして、ありがとうございました。

    During this past week, even though you were very busy planting rice, you treated me like a member of the family and took wonderful care of me every day. Thank you very much.

  • ようになるN4

    Expresses a gradual change reaching a new state or acquired ability, "come to / become able to".

    その上、毎日の皆様と会話で、日本語について少し自信がもてるようになりました。

    In addition, through my daily conversations with everyone, I have begun to feel a little more confident about my Japanese.

  • ながらN4

    Attaches to a verb stem to show two actions by the same subject happening at once — 'while (doing) / as'.

    もちろん私は、山田様のお宅でホームステイさせていただいたこと、ご家族の皆様と田植えをしたこと、孫の一郎ちゃんの成長を祈る鯉のぼりを見ながらかしわ餅を食べたことなど、楽しかった生活を友人たちに話しました。

    Of course, I told my friends about the enjoyable time I had: staying with Yamada-sama’s family, planting rice with everyone, and eating kashiwamochi while looking at the carp streamers wishing for Ichirou-chan’s healthy growth.

  • などN42 times in this passage

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    もちろん私は、山田様のお宅でホームステイさせていただいたこと、ご家族の皆様と田植えをしたこと、孫の一郎ちゃんの成長を祈る鯉のぼりを見ながらかしわ餅を食べたことなど、楽しかった生活を友人たちに話しました。

    Of course, I told my friends about the enjoyable time I had: staying with Yamada-sama’s family, planting rice with everyone, and eating kashiwamochi while looking at the carp streamers wishing for Ichirou-chan’s healthy growth.

  • 〜ていたN4

    The past progressive/continuous — an action that was ongoing or a state that held in the past — 'was (do)ing'.

    国に帰っていた後輩は私の話を聞いてとても②__________、来年は必ずホームステイ希望の手続きをすると言っていました。

    A junior student who had gone back to their home country became very ②_______ after hearing my story and said that next year they would definitely apply for a homestay.

  • なさるN4

    Honorific verb meaning 'to do,' the respectful equivalent of する used about the actions of a higher-status person.

    くれぐれもお体を大切になさってください。

    Please take very good care of yourselves.

  • 〜てもらうN4

    Benefactive construction: receive the favor of someone doing an action for you — 'have/get someone to ...'.

    （注2）ホームステイ：留学生などが、普通の家族に泊めてもらうこと

    (Note 2) Homestay: an arrangement in which an international student or similar person stays with an ordinary family

  • だ / ですN5

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    お久しぶりです。

    It has been a long time.

  • とてもN52 times in this passage

    Degree adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb — "very / extremely."

    生まれてはじめて田植えの経験をし、とてもいい思い出ができました。

    Experiencing rice planting for the first time in my life gave me a wonderful memory.

  • 〜ことができるN5

    States that someone is able to do something — “can do” / “is able to do”.

    日本の農業についていろいろ考えていただき、①__________、卒業論文のテーマを決めることができました。

    Having been given the opportunity to think about various aspects of Japanese agriculture, ①_______, I was able to decide on the topic of my graduation thesis.

  • 〜ているN5

    Describes an action in progress or the state that remains after an action happened — “is doing” or “is in the state of having done”.

    国に帰っていた後輩は私の話を聞いてとても②__________、来年は必ずホームステイ希望の手続きをすると言っていました。

    A junior student who had gone back to their home country became very ②_______ after hearing my story and said that next year they would definitely apply for a homestay.

  • 〜てくださいN5

    A polite request asking someone to do something — “please do”.

    くれぐれもお体を大切になさってください。

    Please take very good care of yourselves.

  • 一緒に（いっしょに）N5

    Indicates doing something jointly with someone or something else — "together (with)".

    ご家族の皆さんと一緒にとった記念写真をお送りします。

    I am sending the commemorative photograph we took together with the whole family.

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