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N2 · Upper intermediateShort passagePassage #222
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ほめるという行こう為いは、本ほん来らい、自し然ぜんな気き持もちのあらわれです。「ほめる教きょう育いく」におけるほめるという行こう為いは、この点てんにおいて異ことなります。自し然ぜんな気き持もちのあらわれなどではなく、ほかのねらいをもったきわめて意い図と的てきな行こう為いです。

（中ちゅう略りゃく）「ほめる教きょう育いく」の場ば合あいには、ほめることそのものは本ほん来らいの目もく的てきではないのです。本ほん来らいの目もく的てきは、ほめることを通とおして相あい手てに影えい響きょうをあたえることです。相あい手ての心こころと行こう動どうに影えい響きょうをあたえ、やる気きを出ださせたり、自じ信しんをもたせたり、伸のびていくようにする。つまり、こちらが望のぞんでいるような方ほう向こうへ向むかわせることがねらいなのです。

（伊い藤とう進すすむ『ほめるな』による）

Questions

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  1. 1「ほめる教育」におけるほめる行為とはどのようなものか。

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Vocabulary2 words
  • 本来ほんらい
    • ·originally; primarily
    • ·essentially; intrinsically; naturally; by nature; in (and of) itself
    • ·proper; rightful; legal; normal
    N2
  • ねらうAs it appears here: ねらい
    • ·to aim at (with a weapon, etc.)
    • ·to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to plan to make one's own
    • ·to aim for; to set up as a goal
    N2
Other levels31 words
  • この
    • ·this
    • ·last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this
    • ·you (as in "you liar")
    N5
  • ほか
    • ·another place; some other place; somewhere else; outside
    • ·another (person or thing); other; different; something else; someone else; the rest; et al.
    • ·beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
    • ·except; but; other than; apart from
    • ·besides; in addition to; as well as; on top of
    N5
  • もつAs it appears here: もった
    • ·to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    • ·to possess; to have; to own
    • ·to maintain; to keep
    • ·to last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
    • ·to take charge of; to be in charge of
    • ·to hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    • ·to have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luck
    N5
  • 出すだすAs it appears here: 出させたり
    • ·to take out; to get out
    • ·to put out; to reveal; to show
    • ·to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in
    • ·to publish; to make public
    • ·to send (e.g. letter)
    • ·to produce (a sound); to start (fire)
    • ·to serve (food)
    • ·... out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)
    • ·to begin ...; to start to ...; to burst into ...
    N5
  • する
    • ·to do; to carry out; to perform
    • ·to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
    • ·to serve as; to act as; to work as
    • ·to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
    • ·to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as
    • ·to decide on; to choose
    • ·to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)
    • ·to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
    • ·to be worth; to cost
    • ·to pass (of time); to elapse
    • ·to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B
    • ·to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B
    • ·to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B
    • ·to feel A about B
    • ·verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
    • ·creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
    • ·to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to
    N5
  • こちら
    • ·this way; this direction
    • ·here
    • ·this (one)
    • ·I; me; we; us
    • ·this person
    N5
  • ほめる
    • ·to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
    N4
  • 気持ちきもち
    • ·feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
    • ·preparedness; readiness; attitude
    • ·thought; sentiment; consideration; solicitude; gratitude
    • ·slightly; a bit; a little
    N4
  • 教育きょういく
    • ·education; schooling; training; instruction; teaching; upbringing
    • ·culture; cultivation; education
    N4
  • 点てん
    • ·dot; spot; point; speck; mark
    • ·mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; score; points
    • ·point (in a game); score; goal; run
    • ·point
    • ·point; aspect; matter; detail; part; respect; way; viewpoint
    • ·(punctuation) mark (e.g. comma, period, decimal point); dot
    • ·"dot" stroke (in a Chinese character)
    • ·counter for points, marks, goals, etc.
    • ·counter for goods, items, articles of clothing, works of art, etc.
    N4
  • 場合ばあい
    • ·case; occasion; situation; circumstances
    N4
  • 心こころ
    • ·mind; heart; spirit
    • ·the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
    N4
  • 向かうむかうAs it appears here: 向かわせる
    • ·to face
    • ·to go towards; to head towards
    N4
  • 自然しぜん
    • ·nature
    • ·natural; spontaneous; automatic
    • ·naturally; spontaneously; automatically
    N3
  • あらわれ
    • ·embodiment; manifestation; materialization; materialisation; expression; indication
    N3
  • 異なることなるAs it appears here: 異なります
    • ·to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
    N3
  • こと
    • ·thing; matter
    • ·incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
    • ·circumstances; situation; state of affairs
    • ·work; business; affair
    • ·after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
    • ·nominalizing suffix
    • ·pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
    • ·alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or
    • ·necessity; need
    • ·you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...
    N3
  • 目的もくてき
    • ·purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
    N3
  • 相手あいて
    • ·companion; partner; company
    • ·other party; addressee; counterparty
    • ·opponent (sports, etc.)
    N3
  • 影響えいきょう
    • ·influence; effect; impact
    N3
  • あたえる
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 行動こうどう
    • ·action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
    N3
  • あたえるAs it appears here: あたえ
    • ·to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to grant; to confer; to present; to award
    • ·to provide; to afford; to offer; to supply
    • ·to assign
    • ·to cause
    • ·to pass (a variable to a function)
    N3
  • 伸びるのびるAs it appears here: 伸びて
    • ·to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair, height, grass, etc.)
    • ·to straighten out; to be flattened; to become smooth
    • ·to spread (of paint, cream, etc.)
    • ·to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
    • ·to lose elasticity; to become slack; to become soggy (e.g. of noodles)
    • ·to make progress; to develop; to expand; to increase; to improve
    • ·to be exhausted; to get groggy; to be stunned (by a blow); to pass out; to collapse
    • ·to be prolonged (of a meeting, life span, etc.); to be extended (e.g. of a deadline); to lengthen (e.g. of the days)
    • ·to be postponed; to be delayed; to be put off
    • ·to gain traction (of an online post, video, etc.); to get views; to perform well
    N3
  • よう
    • ·appearing ...; looking ...
    • ·way to ...; method of ...ing
    • ·form; style; design
    • ·like; similar to
    • ·thing (thought or spoken)
    N3
  • つまり
    • ·that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
    • ·in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
    • ·clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
    • ·shrinkage
    • ·end; conclusion
    • ·dead end; corner
    • ·distress; being at the end of one's rope
    N3
  • 望むのぞむAs it appears here: 望んで
    • ·to desire; to want; to wish for; to hope for
    • ·to expect (of someone); to hope for; to look forward to
    • ·to see; to command (a view of); to overlook
    N3
  • 方向ほうこう
    • ·direction; orientation; bearing; way
    • ·course (e.g. of action)
    N3
  • 行為こうい
    • ·act; deed; conduct
    N1
  • きわめて
    • ·exceedingly; extremely; decisively
    N1
  • 自信じしん
    • ·self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
    N1
Grammar1 patterns

Example sentences are translated by AI.

  • を通じて/を通してN2

    Marks the means or intermediary something happens through, or a span it holds throughout — 'through', 'via', 'throughout'.

    本来の目的は、ほめることを通して相手に影響をあたえることです。

    The true objective is to influence the other person through praise.

Other levels14 patterns
  • だの～だのN1

    Reduplicated listing particle citing examples with a tone of complaint or exasperation ("what with X and Y and all that").

    つまり、こちらが望んでいるような方向へ向かわせることがねらいなのです。

    In other words, the aim is to guide the other person in the direction we want them to go.

  • というN32 times in this passage

    Quotative marker plus 'say' that introduces a name, definition, or reported content — 'called', 'known as', 'that (one) says'.

    ほめるという行為は、本来、自然な気持ちのあらわれです。

    The act of praising someone is originally an expression of natural feelings.

  • において/におけるN32 times in this passage

    Formally marks the place, time, or domain in which something holds, 'in / at / regarding'.

    「ほめる教育」におけるほめるという行為は、この点において異なります。

    The act of praising in “education through praise” differs in this respect.

  • 的（てき）N3

    A suffix turning a noun into a na-adjective meaning "relating to / -like / -ical" (一般的, 科学的).

    自然な気持ちのあらわれなどではなく、ほかのねらいをもったきわめて意図的な行為です。

    Rather than being an expression of natural feelings, it is an extremely deliberate act carried out with another objective.

  • つまりN3

    Restates or sums up the preceding statement more plainly — 'in other words / that is to say'.

    つまり、こちらが望んでいるような方向へ向かわせることがねらいなのです。

    In other words, the aim is to guide the other person in the direction we want them to go.

  • によって/によるN3

    Marks means, cause, passive agent, or a factor something depends on; 'by (means of)', 'due to', 'depending on'.

    （伊藤進『ほめるな』による）

    (From Itou Susumu, “Don’t Praise”)

  • などN4

    Lists one or more representative items and implies others of the same kind exist — 'and so on / etc. / such as'.

    自然な気持ちのあらわれなどではなく、ほかのねらいをもったきわめて意図的な行為です。

    Rather than being an expression of natural feelings, it is an extremely deliberate act carried out with another objective.

  • 場合は（ばあいは）N4

    States the situation or condition under which something applies — 'in the case of; in the event that; if'.

    （中略）「ほめる教育」の場合には、ほめることそのものは本来の目的ではないのです。

    (Omitted) In the case of “education through praise,” praising itself is not the true objective.

  • 〜ていくN4

    Marks an action that continues/progresses onward from the present, or is done before moving away — 'to go on doing', 'to do and go'.

    相手の心と行動に影響をあたえ、やる気を出させたり、自信をもたせたり、伸びていくようにする。

    It is to influence the other person’s mind and behavior, motivating them, giving them confidence, and helping them grow.

  • ようにするN4

    Expresses making an ongoing effort or arranging things so that something does or doesn't happen — "make sure to / try to (do regularly)".

    相手の心と行動に影響をあたえ、やる気を出させたり、自信をもたせたり、伸びていくようにする。

    It is to influence the other person’s mind and behavior, motivating them, giving them confidence, and helping them grow.

  • ようだN4

    Expresses conjecture or resemblance drawn from evidence, "it seems / looks like".

    つまり、こちらが望んでいるような方向へ向かわせることがねらいなのです。

    In other words, the aim is to guide the other person in the direction we want them to go.

  • だ / ですN55 times in this passage

    The copula linking a noun or na-adjective to the subject — plain だ / polite です, 'is/am/are'.

    ほめるという行為は、本来、自然な気持ちのあらわれです。

    The act of praising someone is originally an expression of natural feelings.

  • じゃない・ではないN52 times in this passage

    Negates a noun or na-adjective with the copula, "is not / am not".

    自然な気持ちのあらわれなどではなく、ほかのねらいをもったきわめて意図的な行為です。

    Rather than being an expression of natural feelings, it is an extremely deliberate act carried out with another objective.

  • 〜たり〜たりN52 times in this passage

    Lists a few representative actions among others done at various times, 'do things like X and Y'.

    相手の心と行動に影響をあたえ、やる気を出させたり、自信をもたせたり、伸びていくようにする。

    It is to influence the other person’s mind and behavior, motivating them, giving them confidence, and helping them grow.

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